Kalmomi tare da shafuka biyu: kashi 3

Morphemica yana daya daga cikin sassan mafi ban sha'awa na harshen Rasha. Binciken siffofin kalmomin jigon, ƙayyade mahimman bayanai, gudanar da nazari na morphemic - fasali na ban sha'awa. A cikin kalmomin harshen Rashanci akwai nau'o'in nau'o'in morphemes. Wannan labarin zai bayyana kalmomi tare da prefixes guda biyu.

Kalmar abun da ke ciki

A abun da ke ciki na kalmar na iya hada irin wannan morpheme, kamar yadda tushen, prefix, kari na baya baki, kari na baya baki da kuma kawo karshen. A cikin rubutun ka'idar na Rasha an bayyana shi azaman ƙananan ƙa'idar waɗanda ma'anar ma'anar ita ce muhimmiyar. Alal misali, Xia - wani kari na baya baki denoting koma mataki, rashin prefix nuna rashin wani abu, da prefix kalma fis dora muhimmanci forewarning wani abu. Akwai siffofin kalmomin da aka haɗu da nau'o'in halittu tare. Alal misali, kalmomi tare da biyu kari kafin kalma, tushen kari na baya baki: matsiyaci, za a rage zuwa ɓangaren litattafan almara, ba tare da sha'awa.

Prefixes a Rasha

Shafin farko (yana da kari) shi ne nau'i na musamman a cikin harshen Rashanci. Yana tsaye a gaban tushen, a wasu lokuta tsakanin tushen biyu. Ba kamar sauran shafuka ba, yana da mafi girma da yawa, tun daga wasu lokuta wani damuwa ta tsakiya ya faɗo a kansa. Alal misali, a cikin kalmomi na UHT, aviakonstruktsiya, rikicin management. Ko kalmomin da biyu Consoles, inda da farko wasan bidiyo da aka jaddada: superconductor superregenerator. Irin wadannan sharuddan, wanda ke da matukar damuwa ta hanyar kai tsaye, wasu masana kimiyya suna kiran su da rigakafi.

Bayanan gabatarwa suna da ra'ayoyi masu ban sha'awa, watakila, wannan yana bayanin haɗin kai da wani ɓangare na magana. Idan mafi yawancin maganganu ya danganta da ɗaya ko wani ɓangare na magana, prefixes ba. Alal misali, kari na baya baki -nik- - mai suna kari na baya baki, -nu- - fi'ili kari na baya baki, -yusch ne tarayya. da prefix, misali, yana iya zama pri- kuma suna (increment) da fi'ilai (zo) da kuma siffa (gabar teku). Ko kalmomin da biyu Consoles da biyu suffixes, kari kafin kalma wadda ba ya dogara ne a kan kalmar siffofin bangare na jawabin, da kuma suffixes - a kan m: to sake-zaɓaɓɓu, sake-saki, navydumyvali, ado.

Magana tare da mahimman bayanai da yawa

Kalmomi, wanda ya ƙunshi nau'i-nau'i masu yawa, ana samun su a cikin Rashanci. Alal misali, kalmar Forms binary prefix bi-. Wannan naúrar, wadda ta zama alamar prefix yawan multiplication zuwa ikon biyu: kibibyte, eksbibayt, gibibyte. Akwai kalmomi da kamar Consoles ne gaba: m, m. An riga an haɗa jigon farko tare da wasu don ba da ma'anar ƙarin ma'ana. Saboda haka, kalmomin da biyu Consoles kafin na karshe, da manta, da rana kafin a jiya da na kowa darajar, wanda ya fassara da fili Consoles - da precedence na wani abu. Irin wannan abun da ke ciki a kalma laqani da PO kuma HA, wanda sau da yawa haɗa ta uku wasan bidiyo, ba maganar ƙarin darajar ta'addi: zo a cikin manyan lambobi, ponapridumyvali, ponarasskazyvat.

Magana tare da sharuɗɗa biyu. Grade 3

Nazarin morphemic abun da ke ciki na kalmomi fara a yan makaranta. Ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da za a jawo hankali ga daliban zuwa wannan batu shine aiki na ƙayyade rubutun kalmomin kalmomi, sau da yawa ana amfani da su a makaranta. A matsayin aiki don cika kai, ana ƙarfafa dalibai don zaɓar siffofin kalmomi don wasu tsare-tsaren.

Alal misali, ba da kananan rubutu: Sleuth, sanannun a cikin birni, suka ɗauki akwati, wanda zai iya warware shekaru da dama. Tambayar ta shafi daya daga cikin shugabannin manyan kamfanonin da aka yi wa laifin aikata laifi. Saboda haka, bai so a sake zaba domin sabon lokaci ba.

A cikin wannan nassin akwai wajibi ne don neman kalmomi tare da shafuka biyu, tushen, suffix da ƙarewa. A daidai amsar ne sananne da kuma sake zaɓaɓɓu.

Tattaunawa da kalmomi tare da shafuka masu yawa

A cikin harshen Rashanci, wanda ba shi da dogon kalmomi, kalmomi kaɗan sun ƙunshi fiye da nau'i hudu. Babban ma'anar harshe ya ƙunshi kalmomi kaɗan. Duk da haka, akwai kalmomi wanda ya ƙunshi asali da yawa. Alal misali, hadaddun manufofi Elektrometallurgical, chetyrehsotshestidesyatigrammovy. Ko kalmomi tare da wasu prefixes. Ga misali, kalmomi tare da biyu kari kafin kalma, tushen da kuma karshen: gabatar, tambayar, sale. Akwai kalmomi da dama suffixes, kamar magance, don ya koya. Fassarar kalma, wanda akwai nau'o'in morphemes, an samo wuya a cikin matani da jawabai. Amma sun kasance, kuma sun kasance babban adadin. Yana da muhimmanci a iya raba kalmomin kalmomin cikin sassa kaɗan - morphemes. Wannan shi ne taimakon algorithm na nazarin morphemic:

• canza da siffar wata kalma don bincika karshen.
• Samar da wata takaddama na kalma don gano bambancin kwayoyin halitta;
• zaɓar duk bayyana morpheme, kamar Xia, -n, -yasch da sauransu.
• zabi cikin tushen kalmar don bincika tushen;
• Bayyana tushen;
• Nemi kalmomi tare da shafukan guda ɗaya;
• Ƙayyade iyakokin affixes.

Wannan shi ne kwatancin algorithm na nazarin morphemic. Wasu daga cikin matakansa za a iya tsallake, dangane da kalma ɗaya.

Bayanai na musamman da sauran nau'o'in morphemes

Harshen Rasha yana ƙunshe da ƙungiyar kalmomin da ake kira ƙananan halittu, wato, waɗanda ke faruwa a cikin kalma guda ɗaya. A wasu tushen kalmomi kuma morphemes ne rabuwa: tushen auku ne kawai tare da wasu morphemes: shod - tushen -y- ba free, sa - tushen -de- unfree. Irin wadannan sifofi ana kiransa daure, ba sa faruwa ba tare da affix ba.

A cikin Rashanci akwai alamomi na musamman. Hannarsu tana haɗuwa da tarihin harshen, don haka ɗaya ko wata affix kawai za'a iya bayyana ta hanyar ilimin ilimin lissafi. Alal misali, kalmar-shekara, wanda yana da wani musamman kari na baya baki -oval-, saboda gaskiyar cewa a baya a cikin harshen fi'ili da aka yi amfani da godovat - godoval da kuma mutane a ko'ina suka ciyar a shekara, da aka sani a matsayin mai yearling. Akwai kalmomi da ke bayyana muhimmancin nau'o'in halittun da ke da wuya. Saboda haka, -av- kari na baya baki a maganar ɗan kurmi ko -as- kari na baya baki a cikin kalma freaks ne na musamman. Ko kalmomin da biyu kafa-saman kwalaye, shi ne na musamman - shi ne prefix Batory Chu kuma a cikin kalmomi na grimy da kuma alfahari.