Kayan aiki, da makamai da kuma fama ƙarfi daga cikin Japan Air Force: Past da kuma Present

A karni na ashirin da aka tsawon m cigaban soja jirgin sama a dama kasashen Turai. A sabili da Air Force ya bukatar Amurka to iska da kuma makami mai linzami kariya na tattalin arziki da siyasa da cibiyoyin. A ci gaba da fama da jirgin sama da aka lura ba kawai a Turai. A karni na ashirin - wani lokaci na kara ikon da Japan Air Force, wanda gwamnati ta kuma nemi su kare kansu, da dabarun da muhimmanci jihar wurare.

Ta yaya shi duka ya fara? Japan a cikin shekaru 1891-1910

A 1891, Japan ta farko tashi inji aka kaddamar. Waɗannan su ne model ta yin amfani da roba Motors. A tsawon lokaci, shi an halitta ta cikin jirgin sama more, a cikin abin da tsarin yana da drive da wani pusher propeller. Amma wannan samfurin shine Japan Air Force ya ba sha'awar. Aviation haihuwa ya faru a 1910, bayan da saye da jirgin sama "farman" da "Grande".

1914. A farko dogfight

A farko yunkurin amfani da Japan soja jirgin sama da aka yi a watan Satumba shekara ta 1914. A lokacin da sojojin rãnã tanã bayyana, tare da Birtaniya da kuma Faransa sun yi tsayayya da Jamus dake da sansani a cikin ƙasa na kasar Sin. A shekara kafin wadannan abubuwan da Japan Air Force dalilai na horo samu biyu biyu jirgin sama "Nieuport NG" kuma daya sau uku "Nieuport da NM" 1910 release. Ba da da ewa wadannan aviaedinitsy an yi amfani da yãƙi. Japan ta sojan sama a 1913, kafin shi da hudu jirgin sama "farman", wanda aka tsara domin bincike. A tsawon lokaci, da suka fara da za a yi amfani da aikace-aikace na iska hare kan makiya.

A shekara ta 1914, da Jamusanci iska karfi za'ayi da kai hari a kan jiragen ruwa a Tsingatao. Jamus a lokacin yin amfani da daya daga cikin mafi kyau Flying inji - "Taub". A cikin shakka daga wannan yakin da Air Force Japan jirgin sama da za'ayi 86 sorties da kika aika 44 da bama-bamai.

1916-1930 shekaru. Da ayyukan masana'antu da kamfanoni

A wancan lokaci, kasar Japan kamfanoni "Kawasaki", "Nakajima" da "Mitsubishi" suna da za'ayi a samar da wani musamman tashi jirgin ruwan "Yokoso". Tun 1916, Japan masana'antun sun halitta kayayyaki mafi kyau jirgin sama model a Jamus, Faransa da kuma Ingila. Wannan Jihar harkokin tsawon shekaru goma sha biyar. Tun 1930, kamfanoni suna fara tsirar jirgin sama na Air Force a Japan. Yau, da sojoji da wannan jiha suna daga cikin goma mafi m sojojin a duniya.

m aukuwa

By 1936, "Kawasaki" Japanese masana'antu da kamfanoni, "Nakajima" da "Mitsubishi" na farko da jirgin sama da aka gina. Japan ta Air Force riga ya tagwayen-engine m m samar G3M1 kuma Ki-21 bincike jirgin sama Ki-15 jirgin saman soja A5M1. A 1937, da rikici tsakanin Japan da Sin flared sake. Wannan sa a sayar da kamfanonin kasar Japan ta manyan masana'antu da kamfanonin da tanadi gwamnati iko a kan su.

Japan ta sojan sama. umurnin

The shugaban iska sojojin na Japan ne babban hedkwatar. Umurnin zama ƙarƙashin shi:

• fama da goyon baya;
• jirgin sama.
• sadarwa;
• horo;
• wani rukuni na tsaro.
• gwajin.
• asibiti.
• Japan Air Force counterintelligence sashen.

Battle na Air Force gabatar da fama, da horo, da kuma kai musamman jirage da kuma jirage masu saukar ungulu.

Umurnin Structure jirgin sama kafin Duniya

Na dogon lokaci da sojoji na Empire of Japan sun biyu m daga juna soja kayayyakin more rayuwa - da Army da Navy. Guide farko nemi su yi nasu raka'a karkashin umurnin jirgin sama ga harkokin sufuri na kaya. Don ƙirƙirar irin yan dako a Takinava a wani tarin harsasai factory "Arsenal №1", wanda yake a ƙasar sojojin, inganta da kuma reworked data kasance fasinja da kuma m jiragen ruwa. Su karin hanyar sufuri da kuma suna yadu amfani da su safarar ma'aikata da sulke ƙasa sojojin. A kan ƙasa na wannan ma'aikata da aka located Airfield kayayyakin more rayuwa da cewa ba ka damar fuskanci ganima jiragen sama.

Kafin yakin duniya na sojojin jiragen sama Japan da ta babban soja naúrar - iska birged na Army. Yana kunshi squadrons (AE). Kowanne dauke da goma sha jiragen sama. Daga cikin wadannan, motoci uku na zuwa ajiye. A wannan lambar sun daya mahada line sufurin jiragen sama Authority (LA), kuma sun kasance ƙarƙashin Gaba Staff. Kowane rundujar soja masu dawaki aka yi nufi ga wani musamman aiki: bincike, jirgin saman soja, kuma legkobombardirovochnyh ayyuka na Japan Air Force. Bincike kayan aiki da kuma makamai regiments ƙidaya 30 raka'a jirgin saman soja - 45. musamman aviagroup kafa ƙungiyoyin, wanda sun yi su hadahada, trims. Su aka sa a cikin Army sufurin jiragen sama Corps. Na sarrafa su shugabanni a cikin sahu ba m fiye da kyaftin.

reorganization

A shekarar 1942, an shafe Army sufurin jiragen sama Corps. Kawai division, wanda tare da sassan regiments shi ne babban umurni Task tsarin. Kafin yakin duniya na II, duk Japan jirgin sama ya ba mai raba irin dakarun, da kuma aka subordinated ga Navy da sarki sojojin. An zarar sake tsarafa sojojin jiragen sama raka'a, sakamakon wata kungiya, ko regiments (AA), da ciwon aiki da kuma dabarun matakin:

• Da farko Air Army (BA) tare da wani tushe a cikin Kanto yankin da kuma hedkwatar a birnin Tokyo. Danae Japan soja da Kurile Islands, Korea, Taiwan.
• Biyu BA dake da sansani a Xinjing. Yankin da alhakin shi ne Manchukuo.
• Uku VA askarawan ƙasa a lura da kudu maso gabas yankin Asia. A hedkwatar aka jibge a Singapore.
• Fourth BA sarrafawa New Guinea da kuma Solomon Islands. A hedkwatar aka located in Rabaul.
• Biyar VA da yankin da alhakin a cikin shagaltar da kudanci da gabashin yankunan kasar Sin. Headquarters - a birnin Nanjing.
• Shida VA da hedkwata a tsibirin Kyushu. Sarrafawa ƙasa - tsibirin Okinawa, Taiwan da kuma yamma da Japan.

"Kamikaze" Air Japan

A tarihin wannan kalma ta kai a shekarar 1944. A wancan lokaci, kasar Japan sanya reorganization na jirgin sama. A kan tushen da data kasance jirgin sama regiments umarta ta Japan ganguna musamman raka'a aka kafa. Sun kasance a rundujar soja masu dawaki na kai harin da kuma hukuma takardun da aka gano a matsayin rundujar soja masu dawaki "Kamikaze". Su aiki ne da jiki halakar m raka'a Amurka Air Force B-17 da kuma B-29. Tun da aikin Japan ganguna Special Sashin da aka yi amfani da wani battering rago a kan jirgin su da jirgin sama ba su da wani makamai.

Domin da zane na wannan raka'a ne na hali jirgin sama fuselage karfafa inganta. A cikin dukan tarihin iska sojojin na Japan da aka kafa fiye da 160 ganguna na jirgin sama na musamman raka'a. Daga cikin wadannan, 57 da aka kafa a kan tushen da horar da iska rarrabuwa.

A shekarar 1945, aiki da aka za'ayi "Ketsu-je" domin kariya daga cikin tsibiran zuwa Japan da iska sojojin na Amurka. A sakamakon da reorganization dukkan sojojin da aka hada zuwa wani guda tsarin karkashin jagorancin Janar sufurin jiragen sama M. Kavabe.

multipurpose model

Daga cikin daban-daban fama jirgin sama jirgin sama ya mamaye wani wuri na musamman Mitsubishi F-2. Japan Air Force, ga wanda ya tsara, ya yi amfani da wannan model a matsayin koyarwa da kuma horo, kazalika da wani jirgin saman soja-m. A jirgin sama an dauke su mai bin baya maloudachnyh bambance-bambancen F-1, wanda aka ma halitta da Japan manufacturer "Mitsubishi". Fursunoni, da suke da F-1 ne da cewa wannan model aka fito da tare da kasa iyaka da kuma kananan fama load. A lokacin da zayyana sabon tsarin F-2 Japan designers, developers sun kasance a ƙarƙashin rinjayar da American project "Edzhayn Falcon". Duk da cewa generated F-2 ne gani reminiscent na ta samfur - Amirka model na F-16, an dauke da sabon Japan samar, saboda yana da wasu bambance-bambance:

• A amfani da daban-daban gini kayan. A yi na Japan model ne halin da tartsatsi amfani da m kumshin kayan, wanda muhimmanci shafi karu a da nauyin da airframe.
• Aircraft Design F-2 ya bambanta daga F-16.
• Daban-daban a kan-jirgin tsarin.
• Ba kamar a da makamai.
• F-2 da samfur yana amfani da daban-daban lantarki.

The zane na Japan jirgin sama F-2 kwantanta favorably tare da samfur na da sauki, 'yanci da kuma adaptability.

model B6N1

Air Force of Japan a yakin duniya na II amfani da daya daga cikin mafi kyau-bene torpedo kai harin B6N1 ( "Tendzan"). Fara na serial ba a wannan jirgin sama ya fara a 1943. By ƙarshen kaka shi aka gina 133 da jirgin sama. A farko samfurori samu rundujar soja masu dawaki, wanda hada da jirgin sama dako: 601 th, 652 th, da kuma 653 th. Tun da akwai wani hakikanin barazana daga Amurka Air Force tsibirin Bougainville, jagorancin Japan jirgin sama, an yanke shawarar don canja wurin da arba'in B6N1 raka'a a Rabaul. A watan Nuwamba, tare da sa hannu na wannan model, na farko iska yaƙi da aka rasa. Yana da aka samu halartar 16 dauke da makamai "Tendzanov". Daga cikin wadannan, da Japan Air Force rasa hudu. A na gaba biyu sorties sun kuma m.

zane B6N1

• "Tendzan" Silinda engine sanye take da iska sanyaya.
• Engine "Mamoru" ne niyya ga 1800 l / s.
• The fama jirgin sama kayan aiki wakilta manya da ƙananan installing biyu 27.7 mm zamo bindigogi.
• B6N1 bam kaya lasafta a 800 kg. Wannan ya hada da torpedo (1pc) da kuma bama-bamai.
• Fasinja iya aiki - mutane uku.

The yaki domin Mariana Islands

A cikin watan Yuni 1944, Japan Air Force amfani da bene "Tendzan" a cikin yaƙin kusa da Mariana Islands. Total 68 raka'a dauki bangare. B6N1 model a cikin wannan yaƙi aiki a matsayin torpedo-kai harin da kuma shugabannin radar - sun kasance sojan igwa ga feat. Irfan musamman kungiyoyin na Japan jirgin sama. Wannan yaƙi Japan da ta jirgin sama da aka rasa. Na 68 bangarorin mayar da shi baya kawai takwas tushe.

Bayan yakin da Marianas Japan jagoranci jirgin sama, an yanke shawarar cewa wani samfurin jirgin sama amfani kawai bakin teku tushe.

The adawa da Tarayyar Soviet

Aircraft "Tendzan" a cikin yaƙi don Okinawa aka yi amfani a matsayin harin da kamikaze motoci. B6N1 jirgin sama da aka sanye take da musamman radar. Saboda haka Japan sufurin jiragen sama umurnin da aka ba model aka sanya 93-m kokutai (Air Group), wanda aka sanya anti-submarine sintiri. "Tendzany" ma sun shiga cikin kokutai 553rd. Japan Air Group Air Force kunshi 13 motoci da suka sashi a cikin fadace-fadace tare da jirgin sama na Tarayyar Soviet.

Duk da kyau fasaha sigogi, da Japan "Tendzany" yana da wata hasara, wanda ya kunshi matalauta zabi na engine. Wannan ragae aiwatar B6N1 gabatarwar cikin samarwa. A sakamakon haka, bayar da model muhimmanci wanzuwa makiya jirgin sama.

Japan iska jiragen ruwa

A shekarar 1975, da ma'aikata na sojan sama na Japan kunshi 45 dubu mutane. Fama rundunar motoci da 500 raka'a. Daga cikin wadannan, 60 ya kasance a cikin mayakan inji F-4EJ, 170 raka'a F10- 4J da 250 F-86F. Amfani ga bincike model RF-4E da RF-86F (20 raka'a). A Japan Air for shari kaya da kuma rauni da aka bayar 35 jirgin sama inji da kuma jirage masu saukar ungulu 20 150 PU Zur Hajk-J. A lokacin rani makaranta, akwai 350 da jirgin sama. Domin kirkirar a zubar da cikin Japan iska umurnin da 15 airbases da kuma hadahada.

A shekarar 2012, yawan ma'aikata ya rage daga 45 000 zuwa 43 700. Muhimmanci ya karu jiragen ruwa (200 raka'a).

Japan ta Air Force yau dauke da 700 raka'a, ciki har da:

• 260 - da kuma dabara Multi-rawa mayakan;
• 200 - stormtroopers da kuma ilimi da horo model.
• 17 - AWACS jirage.
• 7 - model dauke da rediyo m.
• 4 - dabarun jirgin ruwa mai ɗaukar man fetur.
• 44 - soja-kai da inji.

tsaro shirin

Rage yawan ma'aikata tare da fadada daga cikin fama jirgin sama rundunar nuna fuskantarwa da iska sojojin na Japan ba a cikin taro kuma a kan tasiri batu. Bisa ga sabon shirin na tsaro, da Air Force ba zai ƙara ikon kare kai, kuma za su kaura ta rundujar soja masu dawaki da mayar da hankali su a kan wani yana kokarin m matsayi. Daya daga cikin wadannan wurare shi ne tsibirin Ryuko. Na biyu mataki a cikin Air umurnin ayyukan za saya na biyar-tsara faɗa jirgin sama.