Known m masana kimiyyar da su binciken

Har XIX karni, manufar "nazarin halittun" ba ya wanzu, kuma waɗanda suka tsunduma a cikin binciken yanayi, da ake kira estestvoznatelyami, naturalists. Yanzu wadannan masana kimiyya kira magabatan Halittu Sciences. Bari mu tuna, da suke cikin gida da masana kimiyyar (da kuma bude su a takaice bayyana), influencing da ci gaban ilmin halitta a matsayin kimiyya , da kuma shi aza harsashin ga sabon kwatance.

NI Vavilov (1887-1943)

Our masana kimiyyar da su binciken da aka sani zuwa ga dukan duniya. Daga cikin shahararrun - Nikolay Ivanovich Vavilov, Soviet botanist, geographer, makiyayin, jini. An haife shi a wani m iyali, ya fara karatu a Cibiyar noma. Domin shekaru ashirin, ya jagoranci kimiyya expeditions karatu Flora. Ya yi tafiya kusan dukan duniya, fãce Australia da kuma Antarctica. A musamman tarin tsaba daban-daban shuke-shuke.

A lokacin da ya expeditions, masana kimiyya sun gano cibiyoyin asalin horar da shuke-shuke. Ya nuna cewa akwai wasu cibiyoyin na asali. Ya sanya wani babban taimako ga nazarin shuka rigakafi da kuma saukar da dokar homologue jerin, wanda a yarda kafa regularities a cikin juyin halitta daga shuka duniya. A 1940, da botanist, aka kama a kan trumped-up zargin almubazzaranci. Ya mutu a kurkuku, posthumously gyara.

AO Kovalevsky (1840-1901)

Daga cikin majagaba zauna a cancantar wuri m masana kimiyyar. Kuma su samu poyavliyali a kan ci gaban duniya kimiyya. Daga cikin kasashen duniya mashahuri masu bincike kwaro - Aleksandr Onufrievich Kovalevsky, wani masanin halitta da kuma embryologist. Ya fara karatu a St. Petersburg University. Ya yi karatu marine dabbobi, suka ɗauka wani balaguro zuwa Red, Caspian, Rum da kuma Adriatic Sea. Created Sevastopol marine nazarin halittu tashar da ya dade da darektan. Ya kuma yi babban taimako a cikin akwatin kifaye.

Aleksandr Onufrievich karatu embryology da Physiology na kwaro. Ya kasance mai proponent na Darwiniyanci da karatu da hanyoyin juyin halitta. Da ya gudanar da bincike a fagen Physiology, Anatomy da kuma histology na kwaro. Ya zama daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa juyin embryology kuma histology.

II Mechnikov (1845-1916)

Our kimiyya, da masana ilmin halitta da su binciken da aka nuna godiya da duniya. Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov a 1908 lashe kyautar Nobel a Physiology ko Medicine. Mechnikov aka haife shi a iyali na wani jami'in, ilimi a Jami'ar Kharkov. Yana bude kwayuka narkewa, salon salula rigakafi, ta amfani da tabbatar da hanyoyin Embryology kowa asalin vertabrate da kwaro.

Ya yi aiki a kan al'amurran da suka shafi juyin halitta kuma embryology kuma tare da Kovalevsky zama kafa na wannan kimiyya shugabanci. Mechnikov rubuce-rubucen sun bayar da muhimmanci a yaki da cututtuka, typhoid zazzabi, da tarin fuka, cutar kwalara. Masana kimiyya suna tsunduma a cikin matakai na tsufa. Ya yi imani da cewa bai kai ba mutuwa ne guba da ake dasu poisons da kuma ciyar hygienic hanyoyin da gwagwarmaya, babban rawa don mayar da hanji microflora amfani da kiwo kayayyakin. Rasha masanin kimiyya ne ya halitta a makaranta na immunology, ilimin, Pathology.

Pavlov II (1849-1936)

Abin da taimako ga nazarin mafi girma m aiki da mu masana kimiyya, da masana halittu da su binciken? A farko Rasha Nobel Prize nasara a magani ya zama Pavlov Ivan Petrovich ga aikinsa a kan Physiology na narkewa. Babban Rasha halitta da kuma physiologist, shi ne mahaliccin da kimiyya na mafi girma m aiki. Ya gabatar da manufar da unconditioned da sharadi reflexes.

The masanin kimiyya zo daga wani iyali na firistoci, da ya sauke karatu daga Ryazan tauhidin Seminary. Amma a bara na karanta wata littafi I. M. Sechenova a kan kwakwalwa da numfashinsa kuma zama sha'awar ilmin halitta da kuma magani. Ya yi karatu da Physiology dabbobi a St. Petersburg University. Pavlov amfani da m dabaru shekaru 10 karatu a daki-daki, da Physiology na narkewa da wadannan karatu karbi Nobel Prize. Wani fannin ban sha'awa shi ne mafi girma da juyayi aiki, da nazarin wanda ya sadaukar da shekaru 35 da haihuwa. Ya gabatar da ainihin matsalolin da halayya sciences - da kuma matukar mika wuyansu reflexes ƙarfafa.

Koltsov NK (1872-1940)

Ci gaba da taken "Domestic masana kimiyyar da su binciken." Nikolay Konstantinovich Koltsov - masanin halitta, kafa da School of gwajin Biology. Haifa a cikin iyali akawu. Ya sauke karatu daga Moscow University, inda ya yi karatu kamanta Anatomy da kuma embryology, tattara bayanan kimiyya a Turai dakunan gwaje-gwaje. Shirya da Laboratory na gwajin Biology a jama'ar kasar University Shanyavsky.

Na yi nazarin biophysics na sel, da abubuwan da sanin da siffar. Wadannan ayyuka suna kunshe a cikin kimiyya da ake kira "Koltsov da manufa". Koltsov - daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa itatuwa aure a Rasha, da Oganeza na farko dakunan gwaje-gwaje da kuma sashen gwajin Biology. The masanin kimiyya kafa uku nazarin halittu tashar. Ya zama na farko da Rasha masanin kimiyya ne da amfani da zahiri da kuma sinadaran hanyoyin nazarin halittu, a gudanar da bincike.

KA Timiryazev (1843-1920)

Rasha masana kimiyya, da masana halittu da su binciken a cikin filin na shuka Physiology da gudummawar da ci gaban kimiyya da kwasfansu na agronomy. Timiryazev Kliment Arkadevich ya da wata halitta masanin kimiyya, bincike da kuma kiran kasuwa na photosynthetic Darwin ta ideas. The masanin kimiyya zo daga mai daraja iyali, ya sauke karatu daga Jami'ar St. Petersburg.

Timiryazev karatu da tambaya na shuka abinci mai gina jiki, photosynthesis, kamfar ruwa da juriya. Masana kimiyya ne ba kawai m kimiyya, amma kuma dora muhimmanci ga m aikace-aikace na gudanar da bincike. Ya kasance a lura da wani gogaggen filin, wanda ya iri-iri na gargajiya da kuma rubuce da tasiri a kan amfanin gona. Godiya ga wannan nazari, aikin noma ya yi hu ~~ asa, a cikin hanyar intensification.

Michurin IV (1855-1935)

Rasha masana kimiyyar da su binciken muhimmanci rinjayi da aikin noma da kuma aikin gona. Ivan Vladimirovich Michurin - da aka sani halitta da kuma makiyayin. Kakanninsa aka qananan gida manya, suna soma masanin kimiyyar sha'awar aikin lambu. A farkon yara, sai ya ɗauki kula da lambu, mutane da yawa itatuwa wadda aka alurar riga kafi da mahaifinsa, kakan kuma kakan kaka. Selection aikin Michurin fara gudu a cikin takalman qasaita. A lokacin aiki ya kawo fiye da 300 iri na horar da shuke-shuke, ciki har da wadanda saba da tsakiyar sashi na Rasha yanayi.

Tikhomirov AA (1850-1931)

Rasha masana kimiyya, da masana halittu da su binciken sun taimaka wajen samar da sabon kwatance a fannin aikin gona. Aleksandr Andreevich Tihomirov - masanin hallitu ne, likita na ilmin dabbobi da rector na Moscow Jami'ar Jihar. A St. Petersburg University, ya samu ya dokar mataki, amma zama sha'awar ilmin halitta da kuma samu wani na biyu digiri a Moscow University a sashen na kimiyyar yanayin halitta. Masana kimiyya sun gano sabon abu na wucin gadi parthenogenesis, daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci sassan a cikin mutum ci gaba. Ya kuma yi babban taimako ga ci gaban sericulture.

IM Sechenov (1829-1905)

Taken "Famous masana kimiyya, da masana halittu da su binciken" zai zama bai cika ba tare da wani ya ambaci Ivana Mihaylovicha Sechenova. Wannan shi ne sanannen Rasha juyin halitta, physiologist da kuma malama. An haife shi a wani iyali mallaki gidaje, ya fara karatu a Main School of Engineering da kuma Jami'ar Moscow.

Masana kimiyya sun yi karatu da kwakwalwa da kuma samu cibiyar, haddasa hanawa na tsakiya m tsarin, kwakwalwa ya tabbatar da sakamakon a tsoka aiki. Ya rubuta da classic aikin "numfashinsa na Brain", a cikin abin da ya tsara da ra'ayin cewa m da kuma sume ayyukan suna aikata a cikin nau'i na reflexes. Ina gabatar da kwakwalwa a matsayin kwamfuta, wanda iko da dukan m tafiyar matakai. Ya wajaba numfashi aiki na jini. Scientist Ya halitta a Rasha Physiology makaranta.

DI Ivanovsky (1864-1920)

A karshen XIX - farkon karni XX - wani lokaci a lokacin da aiki mai girma Rasha masana kimiyyar. Kuma su binciken (tebur na wani size bai dace da su list) da gudummawar da ci gaban da magani da kuma ilmin halitta. Daga cikin su Dmitriy Iosifovich Ivanovsky - physiologist, a microbiologist da kuma kafa virology. Ya fara karatu a St. Petersburg University. Ko a lokacin binciken ya nuna wani amfani a shuka cututtuka.

Masana kimiyya sun nuna cewa cututtuka suna lalacewa ta hanyar kankanin kwayoyin ko gubobi. Ƙwayoyin cuta da kansu gani tare da wani na'urar hange, kawai shekaru 50 daga baya. An dauke da magabacin Ivanovsky Virology matsayin kimiyya. Masana kimiyya suna nazarin aiwatar da giya fermentation da sakamako a kan shi na chlorophyll da oxygen, da tankwara shuke-shuke, ƙasa ilimin.

Hudu-SS (1880-1959)

Rasha masana kimiyyar da su binciken sun gudummawar da ci gaban da itatuwa aure. Chetverikov Sergey Sergeevich aka haife shi a iyali na factory mai masanin kimiyya, ilimi a jami'ar Moscow. Wannan shi ne wani fitaccen halitta kuma masana juyin halitta, wanda ya shirya nazarin gadar hali a dabba alƙarya. Godiya ga wannan nazari, da masu bincike dauke da kafa juyin halittar jini. Ya aza harsashin ginin wani sabon horo - halittar jini na alƙarya.

Ka karanta labarin "The sani Rasha masana kimiyya, da masana halittu da su binciken." Table su nasara za a iya sanya a kan tushen da samarwa abu.