Kwalkwali da soja kwalkwali: description, iri da kuma halaye

Ko a zamanin da, warriors amfani musamman karfe kwalkwali kare kai. Suna staffed da legions Yuliya Tsezarya, da Scythians, da na da Knights a Turai. Its m aikace-aikace da kuma karfe kwalkwali samu a Kievan Rus ', a cikin abin da ya ya wakilta wani babban iri-iri iri.

A zamaninmu, kare a lokacin fadace-fadace huluna an daina ake magana a kai a matsayin karfe kwalkwali. Yau, da sunan ba a amfani da su. Yanzu kwalkwali da aka sani ga masu amfani da kamar yadda kwalkwali. Soja dokoki wata babbar yawan dukkan masu amfani da wannan nau'in headgear. Baya ga wadannan, kwalkwali ne hakar gwal, yi ma'aikata, 'yan sanda, kashe gobara da kuma mambobi na matsananci wasanni.

Yadda ya yi da manufar "kwalkwali"?

Special hat tsara don kare kai daga wani jarumi a lokacin wani yaki, aka asali kira da kwalkwali. Tun da shi ne a ci gaba da makamai da kuma aka kuma Ya sanya daga baƙin ƙarfe, da soja umurnin da aka hada a misali sa na fama karkashin hukuma sunan "karfe kwalkwali" da kuma aka gane a matsayin wani tasiri wajen kare mutum soja.

Da zuwan daban-daban -daban na sojojin da kuma kyautata na soja craft sun zama modernized da kwalkwali. Products da Dome siffar. Karfe amfani zuwa tsirar da su. Amma tarihi ya sani samfurori sanya na ji da kuma fata m Properties cewa samar da wani babban yawan haɗe zuwa su karfe abubuwa. Saboda gaban karfe aka gyara headpiece dangantawa da baƙin ƙarfe. A tsawon lokaci, a cikin rayuwar yau da kullum akwai mafi m kalmar "kwalkwali", wanda a Latin yana nufin "ƙarfe kwalkwali."

na'urar kwalkwali

Kwalkwali yaki shekaru ya kasance kullum da batun gudanar da bincike domin masana tarihi da kuma archaeologists suka yi sosai yi karatu duk da fasali na tsari da kuma nau'i na sirri kariya na soja, yadu amfani da su na shekaru dubbai. Kimiyya karatu bayar da shawarar cewa babban ɓangare na gina wani m kwalkwali ga mutane da yawa ƙarni zauna canzawa. A canje-canje shafa kawai siffofin. Yana dogara a kan ci gaban armaments da makamai harin a kan wanda aka zamar masa dole ya kare.

A matsayin kayan amfani ga yi na kwalkwali karfe. Sun kasance sũ ne na bakin ciki da tagulla, ko jan karfe takardar, wadda za ta ƙarshe za a maye gurbinsu da karfe ko kuwa baƙin ƙarfe. Wannan kwalkwali na baƙin ƙarfe zanen gado amfani da duk sojojin na duniya da kuma shekaru 80 na karni na ashirin. Daga baya soja kwalkwali da kwalkwali karfe kerarre daga m kayan kamar titanium, kevlar, yadi polymers, titanium fili tare da aluminum.

A ciki kwalkwali da aka wakilta wani musamman na'urar fata yanki, lazimta ta wajen rivets circumferentially a cikin ƙananan ciki rabo daga labarin. Wannan bangare na kwalkwali ake kira "tuleyka". Yana rassan kashe via da ramummuka a mahara alaka petals yadin da aka saka. Babban ayyuka da cewa yin tuleyka da petals:

• Daidaita shige da kwalkwali a kansa.
• rigakafin shugaban lamba tare da karfe takardar da kwalkwali.
• ragi na tasiri da karfi tarkace da duwatsu a kan waje na kwalkwali.

Modern soja kwalkwali ya fi dadi da kuma hadari ga wani soja, saboda petals žunshi a haɗe zuwa da su kara inganta softness na kumfa gammaye ko fata.

tasiri fashion

A cikin tsawon tun da legionaries Yuliya Tsezarya zuwa Turai Knights na tsakiyar zamanai sojoji da aka rayayye yi amfani da kwalkwali. Soja mataki na waɗanda shekara da aka za'ayi tare da mai tsanani, kuma da bukatar da m headgear ya musamman mai girma. Amma a kan lokaci, ya fara gudanar da kwalkwali da ado aiki. Akwai wani fashion ga kyau huluna. tsaro batun janye a cikin bango. Kwalkwali da aka hambarar da huluna da gashinsa, shakos da iyakoki da kyau lacquered visors.

Faransa kwalkwali

Soja mataki a cikin yakin duniya na farko wuriyar sawa hali. Hari sun zama unprotected sojoji shugaban. M motsi tare da wuriyar a hadarin rauni ko mutuwa. Naked kai wani rauni ga harbi a bindiga ko gun, domin shrapnel da Nakiyoyin. A karo na farko a cikin wadannan shekaru a sake tunatar da high yi kwalkwali. A wannan lokaci, da fashion ga kyau huluna da kwarinka ya wuce, kuma a sabis na kwalkwali baya sake.

Soja Faransa da aka farko sanye take da sabon, mafi m model. Faransa kayayyakin dauke da uku abubuwa: wani kaho, skirt kuma wani tsefe. "Adriana" - ne na aikin sunan da aka ba wa kwalkwali. Soja Faransa staffed da 1915 data aminci kayayyakin, wanda rage muhimmanci asarar da sirri abun da ke ciki na sojojin. 13% da kuma mace-mace rage 30% raguwa a yawan ji rauni. A lokacin yakin duniya na farko, da Faransa kwalkwali amfani da sojoji a Ingila, Russia, Italy, Romania da kuma Portugal.

Turanci kwalkwali

A soja jagoranci Ingila bai gamsu da Faransa kwalkwali "Adrian". Aka yanke shawarar kirkiro da kansa version of soja kwalkwali. A developer irin wannan tsaro samfurin Yahaya Leopold Brodie, wanda ya dauki matsayin tushen da na da hat Cappellini, yadu amfani da sojoji, a lokacin daga cikin goma sha ɗaya zuwa karni na sha shida. A kwalkwali ake kira "na farko gyara karfe kwalkwali" kuma ya wakilci tselnoshtampovannyh samfurin da fadi da baki.

Wannan nau'i na kwalkwali ya da amfani sosai ga wuriyar yãƙi a matsayin wani soja daga cikin filin halitta sakamakon laima, mafaka daga fadowa tarkace daga sama. Amma wannan model ya m lokacin da shi ya zama dole to hari, saboda ta saukowa a kan kansa dauki ma high kuma bai kare boko da occipital sassa na shugaban. Amma duk da wannan shortcoming, English Brodie kwalkwali aka soma da sojojin na Canada, Amurka da kuma Australia.

A Jamus version na kwalkwali

Ba kamar sauran ƙasashe, Jamus har 1916 da aka ba ciyar a kan samar, bisa ga masana, da low-sa low quality-kwalkwali. Ta gunsmiths a Hannover tsunduma a zane ne da gaske mai ingancin samfurin. A 1916, Jamus gan sanannen kwalkwali Stahihelm, wanda daga baya ya zama wata alama ce da Jamus soja, kamar yadda amfani da biyu a duniya yaƙe-yaƙe.

Jamus kwalkwali muhimmanci m cikin sharuddan saukaka da m halaye na Faransa da kuma Turanci model. A halayyar zane alama a Stahihelm kwalkwali ya gaban wani karfe ƙahonin a cikin boko yankunan. Suna da dama ayyuka:

• bayar da murfin samun iska ramuka a cikin kwalkwali.
• za'ayi fasteners musamman sulke garkuwa da cewa kare kai daga wani Jamus soja daga kai tsaye hit na bindiga da kuma na'ura-gun harsasai.

Duk da rashi na flaws a cikin zane da kuma siffar, da Jamusanci version na kwalkwali bai da garantin cikakkar lafiya na ma'aikatansu. Ko da yake kwalkwali da gudanar kai tsaye harsashi hit, amma ba samar da aminci da mahaifa vertebrae soja. Naushe a lokacin da ya buga a cikin kwalkwali da irin wannan high makamashi cewa da suka ji rauni mahaifa vertebrae. Kuma wannan, bi da bi, entailed mutuwa. Don inganta wannan halin da ake ciki ba zai tasiri ba da gaskiya cewa tasiri makamashi a kai tsaye hit amince tsayayya da kwalkwali kanta.

Soja Soviet model

makamai karfe gami amfani da samar da kwalkwali a cikin Tarayyar Soviet. A Soviet model aka mai suna da NL-39 da kuma shi ne mai samfurin na wani nauyi na 1.25 kg. A ganuwar da wani kauri daga 1.9 mm. Kwalkwali gwaje-gwaje da aka gudanar da kaina S. M. Budennym ya kuma ba mai kyau sakamakon. A Soviet model ya iya yin tsayayya da wani kai tsaye hit daga nesa na goma mitoci daga revolver harsashi, "Revolver."

A 1940, da NL-39 ya halartar zamani. Tuleyka Mans ƙarin madauri, gammaye da kuma raga. NL-40 - ne na aikin sunan da aka ba wa m kwalkwali. M canje-canje da kuma sababbin abubuwa da aka sanya a 1954 da kuma 1960. A sakamakon ya kasance fitowan da sabon kwalkwali NL-54 da kuma NL-60, canje-canje da cewa shafa kawai tuleyki. A tsarin da kanta ya kasance canzawa tun 1939.

Ingantattun model makaranta

Gwaji kammala NL-39 da aka samar a 1968. Zamani ya batun wani nau'i cewa yana da kwalkwali. Soja Rasha model yanzu mallaki wani ƙara gangaren frontal bango na Dome da gajeriyar bangarorin lankwasa zahiri. Domin ta yi aka yi amfani da makamai gami da mafi ƙarfi. Gangaren frontal bango ƙarfafa juriya kwalkwali da shrapnel hits.

A irin wannan shiri kwalkwali amfani ga Samar da Aiki da ma'aikata China, Korea ta Arewa, Rasha, Indiya da kuma Vietnam.

Daya daga cikin mafi inganci soja kwalkwali amfani da Rasha da jami'an tsaro suna dauke:

• NL-68 M aka tsara don ciki da sojojin.
• NL-68 N amfani da sojojin na Rasha Federation.

Dukansu zabin da zamani tuleyki. Duk da cewa nauyin wadannan kwalkwali a kusa da biyu kilo, suka hadu da farko aji na juriya, domin lalle ne su iya yin tsayayya da kai tsaye hit da harsasai daga wani bindiga Makarov da tarkace tashi a gudun 400 m / s, nauyin wanda ba ya wuce daya gram.

Modern Rasha kwalkwali

Kwalkwali TSS-81 "Sphere", tun 1981, kuma har yanzu ana amfani da ciki sojojin na Rasha Federation.

Domin samar da ta mahalli titanium farantin kauri 0.3 cm da aka dauka. Kwalkwali weighs 2.3 kg, kuma kawai amfani domin neman kariya daga inji raunin. Ya gana da biyu aji, domin shi bai da garantin kariya daga bindigogi. Dome tsari ne mai uku sulke kashi kunshe ne a cikin na musamman inuwõyi.

Kwalkwali "Sphere" shi ne wani canji na "Sphere-II", wanda aka maye gurbinsu titanium gashi karfe faranti, wadda muhimmanci karu da nauyin da model (3.5 kg). A hasara ne da rashin tsarin a gaba ɗayansa. Zai yiwu craniocerebral rauni. Lokuta na musamman tare da sulke titanium ko karfe abubuwa sa fita da sauri. Wannan take kaiwa zuwa hijirar da ƙananan m kwalkwali halaye.

Yadda za a yi wani soja kwalkwali?

Da farko wajibi ne a saya da zama dole kayan. Mataki na biyu - don yin zane, a cikin abin da soja kwalkwali za a halitta. Hannãyensu su sa shi ba wuya. Yana da kyau idan kwalkwali, sunã da wata siffar zobe siffar. Wannan zai rage hallakaswa makamashi bisa tasiri. Sha shi ko rage taimako da kushin.

Dalili na da kwalkwali za a iya yi na itace ko tutsar sulug ball yara bi gypsum binders da epoxy guduro kuma hardener. Bayan hardening plaster firam yana dauke su shirya, da kuma za ka iya cire Disc.

Daya daga cikin ayyuka yi da kwalkwali, ne redistribution na da tasiri a kan dukan yankin. Saboda haka, abu na cikin matsanancin harsashi ya kamata suna da wani babban index ƙarfi ne, kuma tauri. Ideal polyurethane kumfa. Its tensile ƙarfi ya 5 kg / cm ^2, abin da ya sa su sosai tasiri sha na da tasiri. Za ka iya amfani da fiberglass, wanda a da dama yadudduka na manna a farfajiya na kwalkwali, kuma gashi da epoxy guduro. Bayan hardening, da suka wuce haddi guduro tare da wani spatula an cire da saura gilashi aka yanka da wuka.

A ciki na kwalkwali kamata dauke tubalan na kumfa, wanda qara kariya da bumps. Suna a haɗe da wani m. An shawarar yin haka bayan hankali gyara. Yana da muhimmanci cewa akwai a cikin ciki na kwalkwali voids, kumfa tubalan ba su da su matsa lamba a kan boko yankin.

Tubalan a occipital da frontal sassa ana glued zuwa karshe. Sun hana yiwu hijirar na kwalkwali da tasiri. Idan akwai voids a cikin kwalkwali, suna cike da guda na kumfa. Kafin ka fara pasting da ciki, suna saka da sukurori da washers musamman kayyade madauri.

A karshe touch zai zama mai zanen na gida kwalkwali. Za ka iya amfani da wani aerosol ko nitro nitroenamels. Amma kafin haka, da farfajiya na samfurin da za a sarrafa mota nitrogruntovkoy.

A disadvantages na kai-sanya kwalkwali suna dauke da rashin zafi da matalauta Ft Irfan permeability.

Kafin ka fara, kana bukatar ka fahimci cewa kwalkwali bai da garantin tsaro na kai, shi ne kawai softens duka. Bugu da kari, babba muhimmanci shi ne tasiri da karfi. Cikinsa da makamashi generated ne kamar 25 J. Wannan shi ne iyaka daga mutum jimiri, ta wuce haddi da asarar sani da kuma fuskantar mafi tsanani sakamakon.