Lokacin da akwai wani Battle of Wesenberg? Sanadin da kuma sakamakon

Rakovor na da yaƙi da ya faru a 1268. Wannan yaki ne daya daga masu yawa aukuwa na Arewa Jihadi da kuma gwagwarmaya tsakanin Teutonic Knights da kuma Rasha mulkoki ga tasiri a cikin Baltic yankin.

A tarihin wadannan hadaddun dangantaka aka fi sani saboda wars Aleksandra Nevskogo, Nevsky Battle na Ice. Kan bango na wadannan abubuwan Battle of Wesenberg ya rage kusan ganuwa. Duk da haka, shi ya kasance wani muhimmin yaƙi, wanda ya samu halartar wata babbar retinue.

prehistory

A kan ƙasa na zamani Latvia da kuma Estonia ga dama ƙarni rayu compactly Baltic kabilu. A XI karni a cikin yankin fara yankin fadada Rasha, amma shi ya kasance a kan kusan nan da nan saboda da fashewa da siyasa fragmentation a Gabas Slavic jihar. Ba da da ewa bayyana a cikin Baltic Jamus mulkin mallaka. Sun kasance sũ ne Katolika da addini, da kuma Paparoma shirya Jihadi don dalili na yin baftisma Majusawa.

Saboda haka, a cikin XIII karni kuma yana bayyana Teutonic Livonian oda. Masõya sun Sweden da kuma Denmark. A Copenhagen, shirya wani soja gangamin kama Eastland (zamani Estonia). Yan Salibiyya kasance a kan iyaka da kasar Rasha mulkoki (musamman Pskov da Novgorod). A 1240 na farko rikici ya barke tsakanin makwabta. A lokacin wadannan shekaru, Rasha da aka karkashin hari na Mongol hordes, wanda ya zo daga gabashin matakan. Suka hallaka birane da yawa, amma bai zo Novgorod, wanda ya yi nisa ga arewa.

Ku yãƙi Aleksandra Nevskogo tare da kasashen yammacin barazana

Wannan shã'aninku taimake Nevsky tara sabo ƙarfi ne, kuma bi da bi tare da Swedes da kuma Jamus Jihadin Krista. Alexander consistently sanya su a yakin da Neva (1240) da kuma Ice Battle (1242). Bayan nasarar da Rasha makamai tsaida wutar yaƙi da aka sanya hannu, duk da haka, duk da jami'an diplomasiya, ya bayyana cewa yarjejeniyar ne kawai wucin gadi, da kuma bayan 'yan shekaru, Katolika zai yi azãbar wani duka.

Saboda haka, Alexander Nevsky fara neman sãshensu waliyyai a cikin yaki da 'Yan Salibiyya. Da ya gudanar ya kafa lambobi da Lithuanian Duke Mindaugas, ga abin da na Jamus fadada shi ma barazana. Sarakuna biyu sun kusa da ciwon yin wani ƙawance. Duk da haka, a cikin 1263 da Lithuanian sarakuna, da Novgorod, ya mutu kusan lokaci guda.

hali Dovmont

Shahararren Battle of Wesenberg bar su zurriyar ɗaukaka da sunan Dovmont, wanda ya jagoranci Pskov sojoji a yaƙi da Katolika. Wannan sarkin ya daga Lithuania. Bayan rasuwar Mindaugas, ya dauki bangare a cikin yakin basasa a mahaifarsa. Ya kasa kiyaye wani gado, kuma ya An koro ta su compatriots. Ko sa'an nan Dovmont aka san shi da ƙarfin zuciya. Mutuntakarsa shi ne sha'awar mazauna Pskov, wanda bayan mutuwar Aleksandra Nevskogo a bukatar wani m husũma na makwabta. Dovmont da farin ciki sun amince su bauta wa birni, da kuma a 1266 ya zama Pskov yarima da kuma yaki.

Wannan gudummawar da zaben na musamman tsarin siyasa rinjaye a arewacin kasar Rasha. Pskov da Novgorod sun daban-daban daga wasu Gabas biranen da shugabanninsu da aka nada ta yanke shawara na kuri'u - da bẽne. Saboda wannan bambanci, mazaunan waɗannan ƙasashe ne sau da yawa a rikicin da sauran Rasha siyasa cibiyar - Vladimir-on-Klyazma, mulki ta hanyar hereditary wakilan da Rurik daular. Sun biya haraji ga mangolawa, lokaci-lokaci nemi guda haraji daga Novgorod da Pskov. Duk da haka, ko ta yaya hadaddun dangantaka tsakanin su, da babban barazana ga Rasha jamhuriyoyin a waɗannan kwanaki zo daga yamma.

A wannan lokaci a cikin Baltic States kafa wani conglomerate na Katolika jihohi, wanda sarrafa a lokaci guda, da neman zuwa nasara da kuma baftisma gida Majusawa, kuma lashe Slavs.

Novgorod yaƙin neman zaɓe a Lithuania

A 1267 Novgorod shirya wani yaƙi gāba da warlike Lithuania, wanda ba a yarda ka huta da kan iyakoki. Duk da haka, da hanya zuwa yamma rikici fara daga teams, da kuma ainihin shirin da aka canza. Maimakon za Lithuania, Novgorod tafi a Estland, wanda ya kasance daga cikin Danish sarki. Battle of Wesenberg ya culmination na yaki. The m dalilin da yakin neman kasance na yau da kullum labarai cewa Rasha fatake anã raunana su, Revel kasuwar, mallakar da Danes.

Duk da haka, idan suka so su Novgorod zai zama da wuya a tsayayya da Katolika Union. A farko yaƙin neman zaɓe a 1267 ya ƙare, kuma kafin shi ya fara. The sojojin koma gida, da kuma soja shugabannin yanke shawarar neman taimako daga Grand Duke Vladimir Yaroslav Yaroslavich. A kan bankunan na Volkhov gwamnan ya amince da gida 'yan ƙasa. Suna da wani dan wa na Alexander Nevskogo Yuriy Andreevich. Yana da wannan sarkin shi ne shugaban kwamandan a Rasha sojojin, idan akwai wani Battle of Wesenberg.

The Union of Rasha shugabanninmu

Rasha maƙera fara ƙirƙira sabon makamai da makamai. Yuri Andreyevich gayyace sauran Slavic shugabannin su shiga yakin. Da farko, da zuciyar sojojin da rundunar sojojin Novgorod, da Vladimir supplemented sojoji, wanda aka bai wa gwamnan Yaroslav Yaroslavich. Battle of Wesenberg ya zuwa gwada ƙarfi daga cikin kawance tsakanin makwabta.

Bugu da kari, mutanen Novgorod aka shiga da sauran shugabannin: dan Aleksandra Nevskogo , Dmitry, wanda ya yi mulki a Pereyaslavl. Yara Vladimir Prince Svyatoslav da kuma Michael, da wanda ya isa Tver tawagar. kazalika da Prince of Pskov Dovmont.

Duk da yake Rasha Knights aka shirya zuwa ga wani sananne yaki, Katolika jami'an diplomasiyan yi da mafi kyau ga shiri da makiya. A tsakiyar taron jama'a na sojojin a cikin Novgorod jakadun zo daga Riga, wanda wakiltar bukatun da Livonian Order. Shi ne mai zamba. Rasha jakadun rinjayi to, kuyi sulhu, a musayar wani abu da cewa Order bai goyi bayan Danes a cikin yaki. Duk da yake Novgorod shawarce mazaunan Riga, sun riga sun aika da dakaru zuwa arewacin dũkiyõyinsu, shirya don tsara wani tarko.

Reid a Baltics

Janairu 23 hadin gwiwa Rasha tawagar zo daga Novgorod. Ta jira Battle of Wesenberg. 1268 ya fara da yadda ya saba sanyi hunturu, don haka sojojin da sauri koma oledenevshuyu Narva, tsohon iyakar da ke tsakanin kasashen biyu. Manufar wannan yaki ya da wani yana kokarin muhimmanci sansanin soja Rakovor. Sojojin Rasha koma sannu a hankali, zama da mayar da hankali a kan looting defenseless Danish ƙasa.

Battle of Wesenberg faru a kan kogin banki, da wurin da abin da yake har yanzu ba daidai kafa. Masana tarihi jayayya da juna saboda hannu na kafofin a cikin abin da daban-daban wuri sunayen Ana nuna. Ko dai hanya, da yaƙi ya faru Fabrairu 18, 1268 a cikin arewacin Estonia, kusa da garin Rakovora.

Shirya don su yi yaƙi

A kan Hauwa'u na karo aika da umurnin da Rasha yan leƙen asirin ƙasar domin mafi koyi game da makiya ƙarfi. Dawo trackers ruwaito cewa a sansanin abokan gaba da yawa warriors daya kawai daga cikin Danish Army. M ƙiri aka tabbatar a lokacin da Rasha Knights gan kafin su cikin Knights na Livonian Order. Wannan wani kai tsaye take hakkin da zaman lafiya tana daidai, wanda Jamus ta amince da Novgorod a kan Hauwa'u na yaƙin neman zaɓe.

Duk da cewa makiya sojojin ninki biyu karfi fiye da sa ran da shugabannin Rasha sojoji, da Slavs bai flinch. A cewar daban-daban tarihin, fagen fama ya parity - a kowane gefe, akwai game da 25 da mutane dubu.

A dabara na Jamus

The domin yaƙi da sojojin Katolika aka kafa bisa ga fi so Teutonic dabara. Da shi shi ne cewa a tsakiyar dauke da makamai Knights tsaye a cikin wani nau'i na sandan directed zuwa makiya.

Don su dama sun Danes. A hagu ne Riga mayakan. Sãshinansu da bãyayyakinsu sun rufe hari na Knights. Battle of Wesenberg ba a 1268 domin Katolika ƙoƙari ya sake tunani su misali dabara da cewa bari su saukar a lokacin yaki da Aleksandrom Nevskim.

Construction na sojojin Rasha

Rasha sojojin ma an raba wani jam'i regiments, kowanne daga wanda aka gudanar da daya daga shugabanninsu. A dama tsaya Pereyaslavets da Pskov. A cikin cibiyar ya Novgorod, ga abin da yakin Wesenberg a 1268 ya hukunci episode a cikin gwagwarmaya da Jamusawa. Don hagu na su ne located Tverskaya tawagar aika da sarkin Vladimir.

A tsarin da sojojin Rasha ta babban drawback aka sa shi. Ƙarfin hali da kuma soja fasaha sun m kafin uncoordinated ayyuka na generals. Rasha sarakuna da aka jayayya domin, wanda doka ta kasance da shugaban dukan sojojin yaƙin neman zaɓe. Bisa ga dynastic matsayi, ya ce Dmitry Alexandrovich, kuma amma ya kasance matasa, shi bai ba shi yiwuwa a gaban manyan sarakuna. A mafi m dabara shine Lithuanian Dovmont, amma shi ne kawai da Pskov voivod da kuma bai kasance a cikin HALITTAR Rurik.

Saboda haka, duk lokacin yakin sojojin Rasha yi a kan nasu, samar da su su m ga Salibiyya. Battle of Wesenberg, da Sanadin wanda aka kammala a cikin yaki na Novgorod da Katolika, kawai kara bunkasa da kishi tsakanin Slavic sarakuna.

A farkon yakin

Tare da harin da Jamusanci Knights fara yakin Wesenberg. Fabrairu 18th ya hukunci wanda na jam'iyyun da rikici zai zama da nasara a yaki. Yayin da Jamusawa suka tafi gaba a tsakiyar Tver da Pereyaslavl gadi daga maƙiya a da sãshinansu da bãyayyakinsu. Pskov rajimanti kuma bai zauna rago. Ya Knights arangama da sojojin da suke mallakar Bishop na Dorpat.

A mafi tsanani duka fadi a kan Novgorod. Suna da fuska da hari daga cikin shahararrun Jamus "alade" a lokacin da Knights a uniform tafiya tasowa a frantic gudun, da kuma shafe abokan gaba daga fagen fama. Zhivago sojojin sun shirya domin wannan da ya faru sahu tsaron gida echelons. Duk da haka, ko da dabara dabaru bai taimaka Novgorod tsayayya da tasiri na sojojin doki. Su flinch farko, da kuma tsakiyar Rasha, sojoji fili sagged kuma ya fãɗi. Fara tsoro, ga alama cewa shi ne game da kawo karshen yakin Wesenberg. Manta da nasarar Rasha makamai da aka samar godiya ga ƙarfin hali da kuma tenacity na Dmitry Alexandrovich.

Ya rajimanti gudanar ya kayar da Riga mayakan. Lokacin da sarkin ya gane cewa a raya na harka dauki wani mummunan bi da bi, ya sauri ya juya, ya sojojin da baya da kuma buga da Jamus daga raya. Wadanda aka ba tsammani irin wannan tsoro hari.

Bayarwa da kaya

By wannan lokaci da Novgorod gwamnan Yurii riga ya gudu daga fagen fama. A 'yan jarumi rãyuka sojojinsa, wanda ya kasance a cikin sahu, ya shiga a lokacin da za a yi hanzari ka taimake Dmitry Alexandrovich. A kan wasu flank Danes karshe mika wuya da matsayi da kuma ya gudu bayan da mayakan sa kai na marigayin bishop. Tverskaya tawagar bai zo da taimakon na Novgorod a tsakiyar da kuma fara bi da mãsu bãyar da bãya, maƙiyi. Saboda wannan, da Rasha, sojoji bai iya shirya mai kyau juriya ga German "alade."

Wajen yamma da Knights kaucewa hari Pereyaslavets da kuma sake fara shirya a cikin Novgorod. A karshe, a yamma, da suka kwace Rasha ayarin. Haka kuma an located, da kuma kewaye da inji, wanda aka shirya domin kewaye da storming na Rakovora. Dukkan su sun sauri halaka. Duk da haka, shi ne kawai wuccin nasarar da Jamus. Battle of Wesenberg, a takaice magana, kawai tsaya saboda wannan ne a kan hasken rana hours. abokan hammayarsu Army ajiye makamansu a dare da kokarin shakata, to a karshe gane da dangantaka a lokacin asuba.

Dare soja majalisa

A dare a matsayin koma Tver rajimanti, wanda ya bi Danes. Ya aka shiga ta tsira sojoji daga sauran raka'a. Daga cikin matattu jiki da aka gano Novgorod magajin garin Mikhail Fedorovich. A kadan daga baya a kan shugabannin majalisa tattauna da ra'ayin su kai farmaki da Jamus a cikin duhu saboda tare da mamaki jirgin kasa. Duk da haka, wannan ra'ayin da aka ma yawon buxe ido, saboda sojoji sun gaji da buga daga ikon. Aka yanke shawarar zuwa jira har safe.

A lokaci guda, tsira Jamus rajimanti, kadai suka rage na asali samuwar m Katolika conglomerate gane da baƙin ciki daga halin da suke ciki. Ya kwamandojin yanke shawarar koma baya. Karkashin cover dare da Jamus bar Rasha ayarin, kuma ba shan tare da shi ba samarwa.

effects

A safiyar na Rasha sojojin mun koyi cewa Jamusawa sun gudu. Wannan na nufi cewa a kan Battle of Wesenberg. Ina kashe ya faru, daruruwan gawawwaki da aka kwance a can. Shugabannin kwanaki uku sun kasance a cikin filin, don ya binne matattu, kuma kada ka manta da tattara kofuna da dama. A nasara ya ga Rasha sojoji, amma saboda gaskiyar cewa da Jamus halakar da kewaye injuna, da dogon tafiya zuwa ga sansanin soja Rakovor zama m. Ba tare da musamman kayan aikin zuwa kama karfafa ba zai yiwu ba. Iya koma ga tsawo da kuma m, yaƙi ya kewaye, amma cewa daga farkon shi ba a cikin tsare-tsaren na Novgorod.

Saboda haka, sojojin Rasha koma zuwa ga mahaifarsa, to garuruwansu. Tare da wannan bayani, ba kawai amince da da Pskov Prince Dovmont, wanda tare da ayarinsa suka tafi a kan kai hari a kan m alƙaryu Pomerania. Battle of Wesenberg, wanda ya kashe game da 15 da mutane dubu, ya zauna a milestone a cikin adawa tsakanin soja da kuma Katolika addini umarni da Rasha mulkoki.