London kayyade for zinariya. London kayyade daraja karafa

"London kayyade" - wata magana cewa sau da yawa ji a analytical kintace daraja karafa kasuwar. Financial hanya da aka sani ga dukan manyan 'yan wasa a duniya kayayyaki, a kasuwanni, da shi yana da tasiri a kan farashin a duniya ciniki na daraja karafa.

Abin da aka kayyade?

London kayyade za a iya bayyana a matsayin tsari na kayyade darajar na zinariya a kan London interbank kasuwar na zinariya. A wannan wuri ne siffofin da tushen samar da bukatar da karfe. Kayyade ne da za'ayi sau biyu a rana cikin mako. Akwai cikakken lokaci tabbatar da dalilin da farashin (AM fix) a 10.30 am kuma da yamma tabbatar da dalilin da farashin (PM fix) a 15.00. Domin saukaka, an yanke shawarar mayar da hankali GMT. A kudin daraja karfe a lokacin hanya saita lokaci guda a cikin uku daga cikin karfi ago na duniya: da Amurka dollar, da kore Sterling da Yuro. A farashin da ake gyarawa da Troy oza.

A tarihin na aiwatar da kayyade darajar daraja karafa

London kayyade for daraja karafa an ci gaba da nufin gyara da kuma tsara da kwangila tsakanin London bullion kasuwa mahalarta (London bullion Market). Yau, an zaci cewa kayyade shi kayyade matsakaicin adalci darajar da zinariya, wanda aka daga baya amfani ga sayi kwangilar da wadata da wannan daraja karfe bullion. A gyarawa adadin wani kadari, mãsu shiryuwa ne, a duniya, ciki har da pawn shagunan da kuma kayan ado samar. Tarihi kayyade kadara lokacin da ya fara a shekara ta 1919 akwai wani ragewar darajar kuɗi na kore. A wannan lokacin, da banki Rothschild samu izni daga Central Bank of England a kan sayar da Afrika ta Kudu rawaya karfe. The Bank ya ƙayyade farashin mai kadari, wanda aka shirya ba kawai saye a kasuwa, amma kuma masu sayarwa. Tun da farko London kayyade da aka gudanar 12 ga watan Satumba, 1919. A cewar shi wani oza na zinariya ya daraja 4 fam 18 shillings da 9 pence. A recalculation a kan Amirka, kudin a lokacin shi ne 20,67 daloli.

Mahalarta taron na farashin tsari, ko da wani yawon shakatawa a cikin gabata

A tushen kayyade shi ya samu halartar da biyar babbar kera na karshe dauloli da kuma masu sayarwa:

• NM Rothschild & Sons.
• Pixley & Abell.
• Mocatta & Goldsmid.
• Sharps Wilkins.
• Sama'ila Montagu & Co.

A lokacin daga 1939 zuwa 1954, da tsari da aka ba da za'ayi. Wannan aka kai tsaye alaka da cikakken tsayawar aiki a kan zinariya kasuwar lokacin yakin duniya na II. Babbar Jump a farashin a cikin tarihi na aiwatar da tsari da aka rubuta a shekarar 1980, lokacin da wani oza na zinariya aka mai daraja a $ 850. Karuwa a farashin da kadara ake dangantawa ba kawai tare da wani m karuwa a farashin man a kasuwannin duniya, amma kuma ya yi da hauhawar farashin kaya da kuma rikicin a cikin yankin gabas ta tsakiya. A mafi farashin zinariya, wanda aka bayyana da London kayyade a kan hukuma akai, ya faru a shekara ta 2011, 23 ga watan Agusta. farashin da kadara a lokacin ya kai 1911,46 daloli a kowace Troy oza.

Kayyade da kuma membobinta

London kayyade - ne tsari na kayyade darajar da daraja karfe, wanda yana da wani kama da gwanjo. Kamar yadda cinikai ne batun ingots Good Bayarwa, wanda weighs 400 Troy ozoji. A wani irin gwanjo da hannu cikin biyar mafi girma a bankuna:

• Deutsche Bank.
• Societe Generale.
• HSBC.
• Scotia Mocatta.
• Barclays Capital.

Gwanjo zai iya shiga da kuma zuba jari, amma kawai ta hanyar dillalai, wanda wakilta bankunan da aka ambata a sama. Wakilai na kudi cibiyoyin ci gaba da tuntubar juna a lokacin aiwatar da su bankuna, kuma sũ, a bi da bi, a hakikanin lokaci sanar da kansa abokan ciniki. London kayyade for zinariya ta fara da sanarwar da shugaban na karfe darajar, wanda shi ne mafi dacewa a wannan lokacin. Wannan kudin ta hanyar dillalai bayyana masu tayi. Bayani gudana a gaban shugabanci na yadda da yawa akwai tallace-tallace da kuma sayayya daidai da kayyade adadin da kadara.

M kewaye Partnership

Kowaccen na gwanjo yana da hakkin a aiwatar da canza matsayi da mai saye kaya matsayi a kan tushen da wadata da kuma bukatar data - wannan ne hali da cewa bambanta London kayyade. Azurfa, da zinariya, platinum, palladium sannan za a sayi, sa'an nan sayar wa mahalarta a cikin tsari har karshe sanarwar karshe kudin. Subject canza ba kawai takara ta wuri, amma kuma girma na gudanar da ayyukanta. A farashin da kadarori za su tashi daga nan, sai saukar dangane da girma na sayayya da kuma tallace-tallace. "Swing" zai faru idan dai wadata da kuma bukatar da za a daidaita jihar. A hanya daukan daga 5 zuwa 40 minutes.

A mafi tsawo a cikin tarihin na wani fix aka rubuta May 23, 1990. Its duration ya 2 hours da minti 40, shi ya zo daidai da rikicin a cikin Persian Gulf. Don gyara karshe adadin da kadara, bambanci tsakanin tayi saye da masu sayarwa kada ta kasance fiye da 50 sanduna. Idan a lokacin da gwanjo price ba za a iya gyarawa, shi aka ƙaddara a hankali na kujera da aka kira "kayyade a nufin." Irin wannan halin da ake ciki ne musamman rare.

Yadda za a biya ga daraja karafa masu tayi?

masu tayi iya yi sha'awar a cikin wani iri-iri mai daraja karafa: zinariya, palladium, da azurfa, platinum. London kayyade yale mu mu saya da kadara a cikin mafi m farashin, kazalika da sayarwa. Lokacin da gwanjo aka gama, mahalarta za'ayi da biyan bashin da kadara daidai da data kasance aikace-aikace. Da mai sayarwa na'am da lissafi na karfe a tsayayyen farashi. Buyers biya domin dukiya, a Bugu da kari ga tsayayyen farashi, ko da 25 aninai a saman kowane dollar. Buyers azurfa overpaid kama da juna 0,0025 aninai. Buyers biya domin platinum farashin kayyade, da wani dollar. Rate na zinariya - London kayyade ma'anar da shi ta hanyar cinikai - nan da nan ya ayyana kasa da kasa bayanai hukumomin, wanda raba shi a duk inda. Mafi yadda ya kamata nuna juna da kullum kayyade, tun a cikin tsari na dauke da fitar aiki a karkashin hanyar American kasuwanni, Afirka, gabas ta tsakiya da Turai. Daily Gyara hidima a matsayin jagora ga dukan bankunan na duniya da yawa a cikin kasashe daban-daban.

Tabbatar da dalilin da ambato na zinariya ba kawai a daloli, Tarayyar Turai da kuma fam

London kayyade for zinariya buga farashin wani oza na Yuro, Sterling da dalar Amurka. Wadannan quotes ayyana da ci gaban da kasuwar, kamar yadda yi a matsayin mafi muhimmanci da muhimman hakkokin Manuniya. An banda ga general sharudda da samuwar darajar zinariya ne Rasha kasuwar, inda wani oza na daraja karfe da aka lasafta a rubles, da kuma Shanghai Stock Exchange, inda guda nuna alama kafa a RMB. Domin zuba jari daga Rasha da China analytical aiki ne rikitarwa, kamar yadda suka yi a tantance halin da ake ciki ba kawai a London, New York da sauran stock mu'amala, amma kuma a kan m kasuwa.

A halin da ake ciki a Rasha

A yau m tattalin arziki halin da ake ciki a Rasha, da kuma kayyade ya yi suka fara wasa ga m zuba jari rawa. Depreciation na ruble take kaiwa zuwa da cewa mutane suna nuna sha'awarsu a zinariya dukiya, wanda ya karbi tallafi ta hanyar tsanaki rage a cikin kasa kudin.

By karshen 2014 sayan daraja karfe iya za'ayi a farashin 3055 rubles. Its sayarwa da aka za'ayi a farashin 1465 rubles. Wannan hanya da aka miƙa kasar ta most banki - Sberbank. Tare da kara bukatar a kan wani ɓangare na Rasha jama'a da su daraja karafa quotes a kan stock mu'amala a Pairing da Ruble girma. A Trend riko na dogon lokaci, wanda ba ka damar kafa farashin kadari ne da ya fi yadda ma'anar da hanya ga kayyade. Bambanci tsakanin kayyade da kuma ainihin farashin samuwa ga mutum zuba jari, kudin shiga ne dillalai wanda gudanar da wani aiki kai tsaye tare da kadara a lokacin kam.