Masanin kimiyya na fannin kimiyya na Amurka, Robert Silverberg

Wani marubuci mai mahimmancin litattafai masu ban sha'awa da kuma manyan ayyukan tarihi da ilimin kimiyya. An zabi shi sau da yawa don kyaututtuka don ayyukansa a cikin nau'in fiction. A yau, an buga game da litattafai masu ban sha'awa da yawa da kuma ayyukan kimiyya masu mahimmanci.

Matashi

An haife shi a Birnin New York (Brooklyn) a ranar 15 ga Janairun 1935 a cikin iyalin Michael da Elena (Baim) Silverberg. 'Yan'uwa maza da mata Robert ba su da kuma manyan abokansa tun daga farkonsu littattafai ne. Musamman ma yaron yana so ya karanta fiction kimiyya. A lokacin da yake makaranta, ya fara rubuta labaru masu ban sha'awa, waɗanda aka buga a mujallu tun farkon 1949. Da farko babban aiki "haddin shari'a a kan Alpha C" da Robert Silverberg rubuta yayin da karatu a Jami'ar Columbia. A shekara ta 1956, an wallafa shi kuma Robert, a matsayin marubucin marubuci mafi kyau, ya karbi lambar yabo ta Hugo ta farko.

Yanayin kasuwanci na kerawa

Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar a shekara ta 1956 tare da digiri a cikin nazarin litattafan wallafe-wallafe, Robert yana aiki tukuru a matsayin marubuci mai kyauta. Ya rubuta wasu labaru masu ban sha'awa da kuma ban sha'awa don mujallu daban-daban na shekaru da yawa. A lokaci guda Robert Silverberg ya auri Barbara Brown. Yarinya matasa suna buƙatar kuɗi, da kuma fannin kimiyyar kimiyya wanda marubucin ya fara aiki ya fara rasa sha'awar mai karatu. Sabili da haka, marubucin ya ba da hankali ga yawancin, kuma ya rubuta a cikin wasu nau'o'in daga aiki mai tsanani ga labarun labaran labaran, labaru da ladabi. Daga bisani marubucin ya amince da cewa a wannan lokacin ya zama abokin gaba ga kansa, saboda yana da alamar sayar da tallace-tallace da bai yi amfani da kansa ba. Creativity ya juya zuwa aiki mai wuyar gaske kuma marubucin ya rubuta akan batutuwa da ake buƙatar kasuwa. Robert Silverberg a cikin wannan zamani na kasuwanci ya rubuta ayyukan da yawa da aka buga sau ɗaya kawai kuma basu sake bugawa ba. Wannan halin da marubucin ya yanke shawarar canzawa kuma ya kauce daga fiction kimiyya da nishaɗi iri.

Koma zuwa fannin kimiyya

A cikin farkon shekarun da suka gabata, Silverberg ta ci gaba da rubuta ayyukan kimiyya a kan abubuwan tarihi da tarihi na yara da kuma samun ladabi na kasa kamar mashahuriyar wallafe-wallafen. Bugu da} ari, yana da kyakkyawan ha] in kai daga Frederick Paul - editan mujallar kimiyya da dama. A tsakiyar shekarun nan, shahararren irin wannan jinsi ya fara girma, kuma masu kirkirar kimiyya masu kyau sun kasance da karfin gaske. Silverberg ya sake komawa aikin rubutu na fannin kimiyya, amma yanzu aikin marubucin ya bambanta da ma'ana.

Wani sabon mataki a kerawa

Bayan ya sake nazarin tsarin kasuwanci da ke tattare da kerawa, marubuci a cikin ayyukansa ba ya haɗu da kansa tare da buƙata ya fada labarin jarida tare da kawo karshen farin ciki. A cikin jigogi, matsalolin rashin daidaituwa da rabuwar mutum sau da yawa ana tashe shi, kuma ƙarshen yana da bakin ciki ko rashin yarda, duk da haka, ba tare da bege ba. Abin takaici, Robert Silverberg ya bayyana wa mai karatu cewa idan rayuwar mutum ta cika da wahala ba tare da damu ba, to wani wuri dole ne ya zama madadin. Misali mai kyau na sabuntawa a cikin aikin shine ayyukan "Gabatar da Gabatarwa" na 1967 da kuma "Down to Earth" a shekarar 1969, Frederick Paul ya wallafa a cikin jarida "Galaktika". Matsalar da ta shafi maƙalarin hali irin ta mutumin nan ana la'akari da su a cikin littafin "Dying Inside". Yana da game da mutumin da yake da kyauta don jin tunanin wasu mutane. Mene ne mafi muni, don rayuwa tare da irin wannan damar ko don rasa shi? Labarin "The Vertical World" na masu bincike na Silverberg ana kiran shi daya daga cikin ayyukansa mafi kyau. Wannan shi ne hangen nesa da tunani game da duniyar nan gaba, mutane da kuma ainihin mutum. Wasu manyan ayyuka na marubucin wannan lokaci: "Zuwa sabon rayuwa", "Littafin Kwango", "Gilashin Gilashi", "Ƙasa zuwa Duniya", "Turawa", "Sandes", "An haife shi tare da Matattu", "Caliban". Kusan dukkan ayyukan marubucin daga 1969 zuwa 1974 matsayi mai girma. Saboda haka, a wannan lokacin ne Silverberg ta sami lambar yabo mai yawa: "Night Wings" 1969 - "Hugo", "Time of Change" 1971 - "Nebula" Prize, "Good News from the Vatican" 1971 - "Nebula" Prize.

Canje-canje a cikin kerawa da rayuwar sirri

A shekara ta 1975, marubucin ya sake yanke shawarar barin matakan fiction. Ya dakatar da rubuta labaru, ya buga wasu litattafai da yawa, duk da maƙasudin masu gyara da magoya baya, ya sanar da yadda ya tashi daga jinsin, yana maida shi da gajiya. Ya hutu na hutu har zuwa 1978 kuma a yanzu a shekarar 1980 Silverberg ya dawo tare da rubutun farko "Lord Valentine Castle" daga jerin littattafai game da Majipur. A cikin wannan shekarun tamanin akwai canje-canje a rayuwar rayuwar marubucin. Ya saki matarsa na farko a shekara ta 1986 kuma ya auri marubucin Karen Haber. Wannan ƙawance ya zama mahimmanci ga marubuta biyu. Robert da Karen sun yi aiki akan wasu ayyuka, musamman, "Lokacin Mutuwa". A yau, ma'aurata suna zaune a Oakland, suna ci gaba da faranta wa mai karatu da ayyukansa Robert Silverberg. Litattafan marubucin har yanzu suna da ban sha'awa kuma ana sa ran su.