Mawãƙi Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin: biography, mafi kyau ayyukan ƙwarai, kuma ban sha'awa facts

Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin - sanannen Rasha mawãƙi, wanda ayoyinsa sun Popular a pre-neman sauyi shekaru, da kuma a lokacin Soviet zamanin. Ya rayu tsawon rai, da girma daga abin da yake da ibadanku a wallafe-wallafen aiki. Biography Spiridona Dmitrievicha Drozhzhina takaita a cikin wannan labarin.

Origin, shekaru na ilimi

Ya aka haife kan Disamba 6, 1848 a lardin Tver (kauyen Nizovka). Wannan yankin ne sosai m Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin. Ya haifuwa sung a da yawa daga cikin ayyukansa. Nizovka kauyen daga baya a cikin shekaru masu zuwa za su zama wani tushen wahayi ga mawãƙi ne. Ta ya kebe, musamman, ya shahara waka "Gida" Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin.

A iyaye na mawãƙi sun serfs. Spyridon D. samu kayan yau da kullum na ilimi daga kakansa, Drozhzhina Stepan Stepanovich, wanda ya sanar da shi don karanta haruffa da kuma, ba shakka, littafin Hours.

A 1858 Spiridon aka aika zuwa makaranta zuwa gida Irena. Ga nan gaba mawãƙi karatu na shekaru biyu, kuma numeracy. Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin tuna da godiya wadannan kwanaki. Sun sadaukar da waka na 1905 "A makaranta da Irena." A wannan horo Spyridon Dmitrievich aka kammala - hunturu 1860 a nan gaba mawãƙi tafi St. Petersburg aiki.

Yawo a kusa da kasar, kai

A na gaba shekaru 36 na rayuwarsa alama ta m wanderings kusa da kasar. Spyridon D. canza aikin da. Ya kasance mai tavern bawa, mataimakin wakilinsa, magatakarda a kantin sayar da littattafai da kuma taba shagunan, da mai sayarwa, wani Manzo, lackey, a laborer, wakili Steamship Company "jirgin sama", amintacce da isar da itace ga reluwe. Fate jefa mawãƙi a Tver da Moscow, Kharkov, kuma Yaroslavl, Uzbekistan da kuma Kiev.

A farko shekaru na cikin ɓata, St. Petersburg, (1860-1871 gg.) - a lokacin da alama ba kawai a rabin-starved bakin cikin kasancewar, amma kuma aiki a kai Drozhzhina. A farko shekaru hudu da ya shafe a babban birnin kasar, ya yi aiki a wani gidan cin abinci "Kavkaz" jima'i. A wannan lokaci, Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin gaugawa, ko unsystematically, karanta adabi, sau da yawa matalauta ingancin :. Mujallu kamar "Reading ga sojoji" da "Mir Manzo" cheap m litattafan, da dai sauransu. Amma bayan wani lokaci Spiridon D. matsahi na saba da ayyukan JS Nikitin AV Koltsov kuma NA Nekrasov. Ya farin ciki karanta mujallar "Spark". Spyridon D. tun 1866 ya fara a kai a kai ziyarci Jama'a Library.

Own library, kuma na farko waka

A ta akida da kuma na ado da kuma fuskantarwa m dandani yana da kyau tasiri Drozhzhina sani da babban birnin kasar da dalibai da kuma wakilan da daban-daban da darajõji daga Democratic Matasa. Ajiye a tufafi da abinci, Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin tattara da library. Yana hada ayyuka da ya fi so marubuta: M. Yu. Lermontovym kuma A. S. Pushkinym, Koltsov da Nikitin, P.-J. Beranger da Heine, G. I. Uspenskim da Tolstoy, N. P. Ogarevym da Schiller et al. Drozhzhin ya kuma sha'awar a "haramun" wallafe-wallafe. A shekaru 17, da ya halitta da farko waka. Tun wannan lokacin, Spiridon Drozhzhin ba tsaya rubutu waqe. A farko shigarwa a cikin diary bayyana May 10, 1867. Ya kai shi zuwa karshen rayuwa.

A farko bazawa

By 1870 da farko ƙoƙari su yi amfani Drozhzhina buga da ayyukansu. Ya aika saman 5, a cikin ra'ayi, ayoyin da a "kwatanta Newspaper", amma suka ƙaryata. A 1873 da dogon-jiran wallafe-wallafen halarta a karon na mawãƙi ne. A sa'an nan Drozhzhina waka "Song da dutsen mai kyau 'yan'uwa," da aka buga a cikin "Takaddun shaida" mujallar. Tun wannan lokacin, Spiridon D. fara rayayye buga a da dama mujallu ( "Rasha Dũkiya", "Family Nights", "Business", "Kalma", da sauransu.), Kazalika da a yara mujallu ( "Sun Rasha", "Skylark", " yara karatu, "" ƙananan yara, "da sauransu.).

Fame, ta zama makõma

Drozhzhina daraja kamar yadda wani mawãƙi a karshen 1870 - 1880-ies. Yana girma cikin sauri. iz Surikov ya nuna sha'awarta a cikin matasa marubucin kai sanar. Wannan ne suke a fili cikin rubutu game da 1879.

A St. Petersburg, da farko tarin bayyana a cikin 1889, SD Drozhzhina ( "Poems 1866-1888 gg. Tare da bayanin kula daga cikin marubucin rayuwata"). A 1894 da kuma 1907, wannan littafi da aka sa a fitar kowane lokaci da yawa kara girman. Duk da haka, da mawãƙi ci gaba da rayuwa a cikin talauci. A farkon 1886 Drozhzhin karshe ya kõma zuwa ga 'yan qasar kauyen Nizovka. Ga ya kishin kansa gaba daya zuwa ga adabi, kazalika da aikin. L. N. Tolstoy tsayar da shawarar, wanda ya dauki Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin. Gida, ya yi imani, zai iya sa a zuciya da mawãƙi zuwa sabon nasarori.

Ganawa da Leo Tolstoy da R. M. Rilke

Drozhzhin hadu Lvom Nikolaevichem sau biyu, a 1892 da kuma 1897. A mawãƙi a kauyen yan sanda sun gano sirrin kula, wanda ba ya hana shi yi. A hankali ƙara zama mashahuri mawãƙi Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin. Tarihinsa da aka alama wani muhimmin taron a 1900: R. zo a Nizovka Rilke, babban Austria mawãƙi ne. Ya fassara Jamus waqe Spyridon 4 Dmitrievich.

New littattafai, kyautata kudi halin da ake ciki

Daya bayan daya a cikin farkon shekarun da karni na 20th zo da wadannan littattafai Drozhzhina: a shekara ta 1904 - "New Poems" a 1906 - "da baƙauye Shekara" a cikin 1907 - "cinkin Songs" a 1909 - "New Rasha Song" da "Bayan" . Circle "Writers na mutane" a Disamba 1903 ya ciyar da yamma a birnin Moscow, sadaukar da talatin ranar tunawa da m aiki Drozhzhina. A wannan shekara ya fensho (180 rubles a shekara, don rayuwa) da aka nada.

A shekara ta 1904 ya rubuta sanannun waka "Gida" Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin. Marubucin ne ko da yaushe wani musamman ji mallakar ƙasar inda aka haife shi. Wannan shi ne batun da yawa daga cikin ayyukansa.

A 1905 ya zama memba Drozhzhin shirya a Jami'ar Moscow Society of Lovers of Rasha Wallafe-wallafe. Kuma a cikin 1910, Disamba 29, ya lashe Rasha Academy of Sciences. Its size ne 500 rubles. Ta aka bayar ga tarin Drozhzhinov 1907-09. Oktoba 19, 1915, wani littafin Spyridon Dmitrievich, "Songs na haihuwa plowman" (da aka buga a 1913), aka bayar da Academy of Sciences. Drozhzhin aka bayar da "Pushkin" reviews.

Hukuncin na imperialist yaki da goyon bayan da Oktoba juyin juya halin

Rayuwa a kauyen, Spyridon D. kiyaye hanya muhimmanci events a cikin rayuwar al'umma. Ya zama daya daga cikin 'yan Rasha marubuta, wanda Allah wadai da imperialist yaki. A 1916, akwai Drozhzhina waka "Down tare da yaki!". Ta jini events a shekara ta 1914 da ake kira "wani relic na m dabbanci" a cikin diary Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin.

Tarihinsa alama da tallafi na Oktoba juyin juya halin, wanda shi ne 69-shekara mawãƙi gana da farin ciki. Ya nan da nan ya fara shiga a cikin al'umma sabis. Drozhzhin ya memba na kwamitin zartarwa na alƙarya, sai ya yi tafiya a fadin kasar, na gida mutane karanta ayyukansa. Mawãƙi a 1919 ya zama shugaban Writers 'Congress-proletarians a Tver lardin. Spiridona Dmitrievicha Drozhzhina waqe ci gaba da za a buga a buga.

"Songs na aikin da gwagwarmaya"

A shekarar 1923 ya bayyana da tarin mai taken "Songs na aikin da kuma gwagwarmaya." Ya nan da nan alama biyu anniversaries na mawãƙi - da 75th ranar tunawa da haihuwar da 50th tunawa da m aiki. A lokaci na wadannan kwanakin Spyridon D. an zabe wani girmamawa memba na nan Rasha Union of Poets. Bugu da kari, da reference library sunan Drozhzhina bayyana a Tver. Bayan shekaru 5, a kan lokaci na 80th ranar tunawa, Spyridon D. samu da taya murna da Tarayyar Soviet Academy of Sciences. Yana da aka sanya hannu da A. P. Karpinskim, ta shugaban kasa.

A karshe shekaru ransa

Drozhzhin Satumba 28, 1928, ya gana da Maxim Gorky a Moscow. A karshe shekaru ransa Spyridon D. yi aiki a kan wadannan littattafan: "Songs" (da aka buga a 1928), "Way-hanya" da "baƙauye Songs" (duka biyu - 1929). "Songs na baƙauye," su ne na karshe mawãƙi littafin da aka buga a cikin rayuwa. Har ila yau Drozhzhin tattalin buga da hudu-girma "Complete Works." Bugu da kari, ya kawo "Notes a kan rayuwa, kuma shayari" har 1930.

A mawãƙi ya mutu a ƙasarsa ta Nizovka da shekaru 82. Wannan ƙarasa da biography Spiridona Dmitrievicha Drozhzhina. A takaice gaya yanzu game da m al'adunmu.

Features da darajar halittarsa Drozhzhina

Dust da gidan inda da mawãƙi rayu domin mafi yawan rayuwarsa, a 1938, aka canjawa wuri zuwa kauyen Zavidovo (Kalinin yankin). Akwai tunawa gidan kayan gargajiya na mawãƙi, da kuma inda mutane da yawa Raya Makon na da basira zo wannan rana.

Creative hanyar Spyridon Dmitrievich ya sosai tsawo, fiye da shekaru 60 da. Shi ne kuma mai wuce yarda da alheri. Drozhzhin bayar lokacin da yake rayuwa tarin 32, 20 na wanda - har 1917. Ya kamata a lura cewa ayoyin da Spiridona Dmitrievicha Drozhzhina kullum artistically m. Duk da haka sami fasaha da kuma na asali a cikin gwaninta a mafi kyau ɓangare na al'adunmu na wannan marubucin. A cikin aikin Drozhzhina rinjayar da irin wannan kasida a matsayin Nekrasov, Koltsov da Nikitin. A da dama daga cikin ayyukansa, na ga 80-90-th shekaru, Makamantan bayanai shayari Nadsona S. Ya. Ikhlasi, spontaneity, gaskiya da kuma sauki - Waɗannan su ne halaye da cewa alama waƙa Spiridona Dmitrievicha Drozhzhina. Yana za a iya kira a singer na baƙauye rayuwa. Wannan shi ne yadda ya ayyana jigon ya sadaukarwa da matakai na farko a cikin adabi ( "My Muse", 1875).

A da dama daga cikin ayyukan da mawãƙi shiga almara ( "Songs na ma'aikata", "Song na soja"). Da yawa daga cikin waqoqi da aka saita zuwa music by composers kamar V. Ziering, Evseev, A. Cherniavsky, N. Potolovsky, Lashek F. et al. F. I. Shalyapin yi biyu songs a waqe na mawãƙi kamar yadda Drozhzhin Spiridon Dmitrievich .

Biography ga manya da yara kafa fitar a cikin wannan labarin ba kawai a waje fahimtar aikinsa. Shi ne mafi kyau ga magana kai tsaye da waqe-waqe, to fahimtar ma'anar da kuma siffofin wakoki Spyridon Dmitrievich.