Me ya sãme? Mene ne azuzuwan abubuwa. Bambanci tsakanin kwayoyin da inorganic abubuwa

A rayuwa muna kewaye da wani iri-iri jikin da abubuwa. Alal misali, a cikin gabatarwa na taga, kofa, tebur, fitilar, kofin, a kan titi - mota zirga-zirga, kwalta. Duk wani jiki ne, ko abubuwa hada da al'amarin. Wannan labarin da za a tattauna da cewa irin wannan abu.

Mene ne sunadarai?

Wannan halitta kimiyya da karatu da kwayoyin da inorganic abubuwa, su tsari, dũkiyarsu da kuma hira cikin sinadaran halayen. Chemistry nasa ne daya daga cikin m yankunan na halitta kimiyya da aka karatu cudanya tsakanin kwayoyin da kwayoyin halitta. Yana bada bayyananne mas'ala ta abin da yake wani abu, kuma yana da alaƙa da tare da kimiyyar lissafi da kuma ilmin halitta, kuma haka tana nufin kimiyyar yanayin halitta.

The darajar sunadarai a rayuwar mutum

Ma'adanai, masu rai, kankara da kuma yanayi da aka hada da daban-daban rabo daga cikin wannan abubuwa. Babban bambancin dake tsakanin rai ko maras rai yanayi a wanda kwayoyin suna kafa daga wasu sinadaran abubuwa. Da muhimmanci ga rayuwar mu biosphere zai zama sake zagayowar da sunadarai abubuwa.

A rayuwar mutum ne ba zai yiwu ba ba tare da m kayayyakin (abinci, bitamin, magunguna, kwaskwarima abubuwa, roba zaruruwa, yi kayayyakin, da dama Paints da varnishes, takin zamani da yawa da sauran abubuwa).

Kwayoyin da kwayoyin halitta

Duk wani abu hada da sosai kananan barbashi kira kwayoyin (daga Latin - taro). All kwayoyin kunshi mafi microscopic barbashi - kwayoyin halitta, ko kuma wajen, na tsakiya wanda aka kewaye da ciki da kuma m electrons kafa da sinadaran shaidu. Kwayoyin zarra da wasu nauyi, sabili da haka da abun da ke ciki na al'amari ne m. Babban fasali na tsarin da kwayoyin da aka samu a cikin bincike na sinadaran halayen, bincike na sinadaran mahadi da yin amfani da jiki da hanyoyin. Sunadaran a cikin kwayoyin suna da alaka da sinadaran shaidu. Microscopic barbashi a cikin wani kwayoyin na iya zama duka gaskiya ma da barnatar da caji.

A ra'ayi na abu

Mene ne al'amari? Abu aka dauke su da cewa na wanda ya kunshi duka jikuna da kuma abubuwa a cikin kewaye yanayi. Duk wani abu dauke da kwayoyin da kuma kwayoyin, bi da bi, an hada da kwayoyin halitta. Alal misali, wani baƙin ƙarfe ƙusa zai zama jiki, da na baƙin ƙarfe - abu. Duk wani abubuwa da wasu sa na zahiri da kuma sinadaran Properties.

Jiki halaye hada da halaye da cewa rarrabe daya daga cikin sauran abubuwa. Wadannan sun hada da: jiki jihar, yawa, solubility, launi, luster, zazzabi (tafasar ko narkewa batu), lantarki watsin.

Chemical Properties - Kadarorin abubuwa amsa da bayyana kansu a cikin sunadarai matakai (halayen).

The abu ne don gabatar da sunadarai zuwa jiki da kuma sinadaran Properties daga cikin abu.

iri-iri abubuwa

Akwai aji na abubuwa da Akwai sauki da kuma hadaddun. By kawai hada da abubuwa da kunshi sunadaran guda sinadari. Alal misali, kwayoyin na inert gas (Neon, argon, oxygen, bromine, aidin). K hadaddun hada da duk abubuwa wanda aka kafa saboda dangane da daban-daban kwayoyin halitta (ruwa, gishiri, carbon dioxide, potassium permanganate, sucrose). Aiki abubuwa - abubuwa a wani sunadarai dauki iya rage surface tashin hankali a maida hankali a kan surface.

Organic abubuwa

Wannan category ya hada da dukan abubuwa wanda abun da ke ciki ya hada da carbon. An togiya ne carbides, carbon oxides, carbonates da cyanides da carbon dauke da gas.

Kwayar Komayya abubuwa na saccharides hada uku abubuwa, kuma shi ne babban tushen samar da makamashi ga rayayyun kwayoyin halitta. Monosaccharide - a fili ba tare da jurewa crystallization. Oligosaccharides (sucrose, lactose, maltose) kunshi biyu, uku, ko hudu kwayoyin na monosaccharides. Sha crystallization. Polysaccharides (glycogen, sitaci, Araban, xylans) savory dandano da ba narke a cikin ruwa. Su main aiki - shiga, bonding da kuma dauri na sel. Ya kasance a wani rukuni na sia mahadi yanzu a duk rayayyun tantani. Su duba sauki carbon sarƙoƙi ko sharan na cyclic kwayoyin. Kasu kashi kitse (triglycerides da kuma tsaka tsaki) da kuma lipids. Yana da wuya esters. M acid (stearic, ricin) an kuma samu a rayayyun kwayoyin halitta. Lipids - mai-kamar abubuwa da suke da muhimmanci saboda su tsari. Sun samar da fili daidaitacce zaruruwa. By enzymes masu aiki nazarin halittu tafiyar matakai accelerators na gina jiki yanayi. Ba su rarrabu a cikin halayen da kuma sinadaran catalysts bambanta daga mãsu iya kara da dauki kudi a al'ada yanayi.

inorganics

By inorganic abubuwa sun hada da ruwa, da iskan shaqa, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, potassium, alli, sodium, phosphorus, sulfur.

Ruwa ne mai muhimmanci da sauran ƙarfi da kuma wani stabilizer. Yana yana da karfi kadan iya aiki da kuma thermal watsin. A cikin ruwa yanayi ne m ga abin da ya faru na asali sinadaran halayen. An halin nuna gaskiya da kuma kusan resistant zuwa matsawa.

A tsarin da yawa ba-gina jiki nitrogen mahadi da aka hada. Sulfur an rayayye da hannu a su yi. Mai rayayyun kwayoyin halitta dauke da phosphorus a ma'adinai form. Potassium da aka samu a Kwayoyin a cikin nau'i na ions. Yana activates da enzyme gina jiki balance. Sodium ne wani ɓangare daga cikin jini, kuma ya aikata muhimmiyar rawa a gudãnar da ruwa balance na dukan kwayoyin. Iron ne rayayye shiga a cikin tafiyar matakai na numfasawa, photosynthesis kuma shi ne bangaren da haemoglobin. A cikin mutum rage cin abinci zo kowace rana 2 MG tagulla. Ta rashin bayyana anemia, ci cuta da kuma cututtukan zuciya. Manganese rinjayar da matakai na sabuntawa a tsire-tsire. Tutiya cleaves carbonic acid. Boron rinjayar da girma da daban-daban kwayoyin. A ta rashi a cikin ƙasa mutu kashe furanni da kuma conductive tashoshi a cikin shuke-shuke. Molybdenum rayayye halaka parasites da tsiwirwirinsu m shahararsa a shuka.

A daban-daban inorganic kuma Organic abubuwa?

Musamman karfi waje da bambance-bambance tsakanin kungiyoyin biyu babu al'amarin. Babban bambancin da yake a cikin tsarin cikinsa da inorganic abubuwa ne da ba-kwayoyin tsarin, da kuma Organic - kwayoyin.

Inorganic abubuwa ne da ba-kwayoyin tsarin, saboda haka suna halin high narkewa da kuma tafasar zazzabi. Ba su dauke da carbon. Wadannan sun hada da daraja gas (Neon, argon), karafa (alli, alli, sodium), amphoterics (iron, aluminum), da kuma nonmetals (silicon), hydroxides, binary mahadi, salts.

Organic abubuwa kwayoyin tsarin. Bã su da wani fairly low narkewa zafin jiki, da kuma sun hanzari decompose a lokacin tsanani da. Yafi hada da carbon. Ware: carbides, carbonates, carbon oxides da cyanides. Carbon damar samar da wata babbar dama rikitarwa mahadi (a cikin yanayi ne fiye da miliyan 10).

Mafi yawansu ba su kasance a cikin azuzuwan na nazarin halittu haihuwa (carbohydrates, sunadarai, lipids, nucleic acid). Wadannan mahadi hada a tsarinta nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus da sulfur.

Su fahimci abin da abu wajibi ne a gabatar da, abin da rawar da yake taka a rayuwar mu. Hulda da sauran abubuwa, shi Forms sabon. Ba tare da su, da rayuwar da suke kewaye da duniya ne rabuwa da sawwaƙe. Duk abubuwa ne Ya sanya har na wasu abubuwa, don haka suka taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin rayuwar mu.