Mene ne danshi rabo da kuma yadda aka ƙaddara?

The ruwa sake zagayowar a cikin yanayi - shi ne daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci matakai a cikin Gwargwadon ambulan. Ya dogara ne - biyu da alaka da tafiyar matakai: moistening ƙasa ta surface hazo da kuma danshin gare su yanayi danshi. Duka wadannan matakai ne daidai m moisturizing factor ga wani musamman ƙasa. Mene ne danshi rabo da kuma yadda za ayyana? Wannan shi ne abin da za a tattauna a wannan farar takarda.

moisturizing factor: Definition

Humidification ƙasa da danshin danshi daga bãyan tẽkun a ko'ina cikin duniya a daidai wannan wuri. Duk da haka, wannan tambaya da cewa an dampening factor a cikin kasashe daban-daban na duniya hadu a sosai hanyoyi daban-daban. Kuma manufar a cikin irin wannan halitta da aka yarda a duk ƙasashe. Alal misali, wannan "hazo-danshin rabo" a Amurka, cewa za a iya zahiri fassara a matsayin "Index (rabo) wetting da kuma evaporation."

Amma har yanzu, abin da a dampening factor? Wannan shi ne wani tabbataccen aminci tsakanin adadin ruwan sama da kuma danshin matakin a cikin wannan yanki ga wani takamaiman lokaci. A dabara domin kirga wannan rabo ne mai sauqi qwarai:

K = G /,

inda Q - adadin ruwan sama (a cikin millimeters).

A da - da darajar danshin (ma a millimeters).

Daban-daban hanyoyin kayyade rabo

Ta yaya domin sanin danshi factor? A halin yanzu, akwai game da 20 hanyoyi daban-daban.

A kasar mu (kazalika da tsohon Tarayyar Soviet), da aka fi amfani Hanyar kayyade samarwa Georgiem Nikolaevichem Vysotskim. Wannan shi ne wani fitaccen Ukrainian masanin kimiyya, geobotanist da ƙasa masanin kimiyya, ya kafa na kimiyya na gandun daji. A lokacin rayuwarsa ya rubuta fiye da 200 kimiyya takardunku.

Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa a Turai da kuma a cikin United States amfani Tortveyta factor. Duk da haka, da hanyar da ta lissafi ne mafi tsauri da kuma na da drawbacks.

Tabbatar da dalilin da factor

Don sanin da kudi ga wani yanki ba wuya. Ka yi la'akari da wannan dabara da wadannan misali.

Ganin yankin, wadda za ka so ka yi lissafi da coefficient na moistening. An sani cewa ga shekara wannan yanki na'am da 900 mm ruwan sama, amma evaporates daga shi a lokacin wannan lokaci tsawon - 600 mm. Don lissafi da rabo ya kamata a raba hazo a kan danshin, Ina nufin 900/600 mm. A sakamakon haka, muna samun wani darajar 1.5. Wannan zai zama dampening factor ga ƙasa.

Ivanov-dampening factor Vysotskiy iya zama daidai da hadin kai, ya zama a kasa ko a sama 1. Saboda haka, idan:

• K = 0, sa'an nan da danshi ga yankin yana dauke da isasshen.
• K ne mafi girma daga 1, da suka wuce haddi danshi.
• K ne kasa da 1, da kasa hydration.

A darajar wannan nuna alama, ba shakka, zai dogara ne a kan zafin jiki a wannan yanki, kazalika da adadin yanayi hazo ga shekara.

Me amfani moisturizing factor?

Ivanov-factor Vysotsky - wannan sigar musamman muhimmanci nuna alama na sauyin yanayi. Bayan duk, yana da ikon bayar da wani hoto na samar da ruwa a yankunan. Wannan rabo ne dole ne ga ci gaban aikin noma, kazalika da da sauran tattalin arziki ƙasa shiryawa.

Yana kuma da kayyade matakin na rashin ruwa da sauyin yanayi: mafi girma shi ne, da sauyin yanayi ne m. A yankunan da m danshi ko da yaushe ya kasance mai yawa da tabkuna da kuma dausayi. A tsirin aka mamaye makiyayar da kuma gandun daji ciyayi.

Matsakaicin dabi'u na coefficient halayyar ga mountainous yankunan (fi 1000-1200 mita). A nan, kamar yadda mai mulkin, akwai wani wuce haddi na danshi, wanda zai iya isa 300-500 millimeters a kowace shekara! A wannan adadin na yanayi danshi samun steppe zone domin shekara. Coefficient danshi a dutsen yankuna har zuwa matsakaicin dabi'u: 1.8-2.4.

Wuce kima danshi ne ma lura a cikin halitta taiga, tundra, gandun daji tundra da temperate deciduous gandun daji. A cikin wadannan yankunan, ba fiye da 1.5 rabo. A cikin gandun daji area shi daga jeri 0.7 zuwa 1.0, amma a cikin steppe sashi ya kasance kasa moistening area (K = 0.3-0.6).

Mafi qarancin dabi'u wetting halayyar Semi-hamada yanki (game da 0.2-0.3) da kuma ga hamada zone (0.1).

Coefficient na danshi a Rasha

Rasha - a sararin kasa, wanda aka halin da fadi da dama yanayin damina. Idan muka magana game da hydration rabo, da darajar cikin Rasha bambanta daga 0.3 zuwa 1.5. A mafi zaran danshi lura a cikin Caspian yankin (game da 0.3). A cikin steppe da gandun daji-steppe sashi ne dan kadan mafi girma - 0.5-0.8. Matsakaicin hydration halayyar-tundra yankin, da kuma ma ga dutsen yankunan caucasian ne, Altai Ural Mountains.

Yanzu ka san abin da a dampening factor. Wannan shi ne quite wani muhimmin nuna alama, wanda ke taka wani sosai muhimmiyar rawa ga ci gaban kasa da tattalin arziki da kuma aikin noma. Wannan factor dogara a kan biyu dabi'u na adadin ruwan sama da kuma evapotranspiration kundin kan wani takamaiman lokaci.