Taiga - halitta yankin, ta sauyin yanayi, Flora da fauna

A gaban wani iri-iri na halitta yankunan shi ne halayyar duniya tamu. Su bi juna da kuma ya bambanta a cikin su yanayin damina, Flora da fauna, kazalika da wuri mai faɗi, wanda aka mamaye su. Daya daga cikinsu shi ne taiga - halitta yanki, dake cikin temperate sauyin yanayi zone.

Domin taiga halin coniferous itatuwa, waxanda suke da babban mambobi ne na ciyayi. Akwai da yawa dausayi. Wannan shi ne saboda da cewa babban adadin ruwan sama ba ya shiga da zurfi cikin ƙasa na permafrost, amma ba ya ƙafe.

Taiga, halitta yankin, ta lullube fadin Eurasia daga yamma zuwa gabas ta 7 kilomita dubu, kuma a Amirka ta Arewa -. 5 kilomita dubu .. Rasha boreal gandun daji ne mafi girma na kasar wuri mai faɗi zone yankin. Ta fara dauki siffar dogon kafin glaciers.

Abin da kuma halin da boreal gandun daji? Its sauyin yanayi ne halin da sosai sanyi winters da fairly sanyi lokacin bazaar. A wannan halitta yanki sami mafi girma ruwan sama. A kasa a taiga podzolic da cryogenic taiga. Duk wadannan yanayi yarda da ci gaban na conifers. A Turai ƙasa na Rasha a cikin taiga girma spruce, fir, Pine, itacen al'ul. Yana - coniferous gandun daji. Grassy cover nan ba za a iya kira arziki: yafi wakilta Berry bushes - blueberries, blackberries, cranberries. A cikin haske-coniferous taiga na Gabas Siberia girma spruce, larch da kuma Dwarf itatuwa (alder, iyakacin duniya Willow, Birch iyakacin duniya), Berry bushes. A Far East, yafi larch taiga, sparse.

A Turai, da taiga aka located a kan Scandinavian Larabawa da kuma a Finland - da ya rufe kusan duk na yankinsu.

Taiga halitta zone, an rarraba su zuwa arewacin, tsakiya da kuma kudancin. Suka sãɓã wa jũna a cikin sauyin yanayi, Flora da fauna. Saboda haka, a arewacin yankin ciyayi ne sosai scanty: itatuwa da kuma shrubs kagaggun tsumburai da sparse. A talakawan tsiri na taiga ciyayi riga fiye da cikakken, amma shi ne yafi mosses, ciyawa kuma spruce-bilberry. A kudancin yankin na taiga ne mai arziki na Flora. Akwai ba kawai coniferous, amma kuma kananan-Leaved itatuwa (Birch, Aspen), da kuma low-girma shrubs.

Taiga, halitta yankin wanda kara daga 42nd layi daya, arewacin tsibirin Hokkaido (kudancin iyaka) zuwa 72nd a layi daya, da Taimyr Larabawa (iyakarsu a wajen arewa), aka dauke duniya mafi tsawo sauyin yanayi zone.

Idan aka kwatanta da tundra taiga fauna ne mafi bambancin. Yana yiwuwa ka sadu da Lynx, chipmunks, wolverine, Sable, zomo, shrew. Taiga tun zamanin da ya shafin na Jawo samar. Shi ne gida da wasu wakilan da ungulates: muz, daraja da kuma reindeer, Roe barewa. Hakori a cikin gandun daji rayuwa mice, voles, da kuma daban-daban iri gina jiki. Taiga bambancin duniyar tsuntsaye: a nan za ka iya samun itace-takaddamarsu, Nutcracker, crossbill, takaddamarsu.

A yanayin damina da taiga dabbobi ne isasshe m. Yana gida mafi girma da yawan Jawo-qazanta dabbobi a duniya. A sanyi weather, rage aiki na da dabbobi, saboda da yawa daga cikinsu hibernate.

Taiga Rasha, wato taiga gandun daji na Siberia an dauke su kore "huhu" na duniya: wadannan gandun daji goyi bayan carbon da oxygen balance na ƙananan Layer na yanayi. Saboda haka, a nan haifar da kasa Parks da kuma reserves, don su iya sosai bincika musamman Flora da fauna da wannan halitta yankin.

Taiga shine tushen da itace. Bugu da kari, shi mayar da hankali da yawa ma'adinai adibas ake bukata ga mutum - kwal, iskar gas, da man fetur.

Mazauna taiga ƙasa farauta (musamman, da samar da Jawo), tara berries, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari da kuma kwayoyi, da shanu, da girbi ganye. Yawancin su suna aiki a lesopromyslovom tattalin arzikin.