Mene ne humanism a fahimtar da tsoho sages da masana falsafa na Renaissance

Humanism - musamman irin falsafar Outlook, wanda dogara ne a kan ra'ayin da mafi mutum dabi'u; Falsafa da humanist adam mutum - tsakiyar duniya, da gwargwado, daga kõme, da kambi na halittar Allah.

Humanism a falsafar fara dauki siffar a cikin tsufa, ta farko definition mu sami a cikin ayyukan Aristotle da Democritus.

Humanism a zamanin d hadisin

Mene ne humanism a fahimtar da tsoho sages? A hukuncin da masana falsafa na tsufa - wannan shi ne matakin qarshe na ci gaba da kuma ci gaba da mafi kyau fasali da kuma damar iya yin komai. The mutum dole ne ku yi jihãdi ga kai-dadada rai, da kai-da ilimi; mutum ya zama jitu, ethically da aesthetically m.

A tsakiyar zamanai da ra'ayin humanism a kan backburner, aka rufe da ciki theories na addini asceticism, mortification halitta ga wani mutum zũciyõyinsu da kuma bukatun. Babban falalolin an dauke da wadannan: kamun kai, da tawali'u, tofin na asali zunubi na 'yan adam. Ra'ayoyi da kuma falsafa theories na zamanin da aka dade manta, da masana falsafa na zamanin d Girka da Roma da aka ayyana halakakkun al'ummai.

Renaissance humanism

Interest a cikin al'adunmu na tsufa kula tsananta kawai a lokacin da Renaissance. Rinjayar da coci a al'umma muhimmanci rage, kimiyya da fasaha ya daina zama tauhidi zalla, akwai karin free, neteologicheskie falsafa theories da kuma koyarwarsa. Tanadin, rarrabuwa da kuma nazarin ayyukan da masana falsafa da kuma malamai na tsufa shi ne babban aiki na tausaya wajama'a a wannan zamanin. M kasance a gare su nazari na zamanin d harsuna - Latin da Ancient Greek.

A ganin na Renaissance falsafa, da cewa shi ne humanism bayyana rabo asali da kuma ainihi. Renaissance humanism peculiar kuma na musamman. Sai a wannan lokaci gane da duk ya muhimmancin da al'adu; duniya dabi'u (da hankali da kuma daraja da ji da kuma bukatun mutum, tausayi, empathy) sun ba kasa muhimmanci fiye da, misali, addini, addini farillar da bukatun da kuma ayyuka.

The asalin Renaissance humanism muhimmi a cikin kimiyya da ayyuka da kuma ayyukan art na babban Italiya - Dante Alighieri da Francesco Petrarca. Saboda da janar yanayi na 'yanci, ku bauta wa daga kyakkyawa, janye zuwa sabon siffofin art, shi ya yiwu wanzuwar mai girma sabon abu - a takaice dai lokaci na High Renaissance (1500-1530). Sai a wannan lokaci da 'yan baiwa na Renaissance (Rafael Santi, Leonardo Vinci, Michelangelo) da aka halicce mafi girma ayyukan art.

A tsawon lokaci, da Renaissance humanism watsu arewacin yankunan Turai. Ya kamata a lura cewa da Arewa Renaissance, sabanin Italian, shi ne mafi kusanta ga addini hadisin. Ainihin ra'ayin na Kirista masu tausaya wajama'a - kyautata na mutum a matsayin asali yanayin don ceto. Mun bincika abin da yake humanism a fahimtar addini falsafa. Kawai ta bin dokokin Allah, lura duk da bukatun na addini da kuma alfarma littattafai, da mutum zai iya za a tsarkake, kusa da akida na alheri, kyakkyawa, jituwa. Wannan shi ne mafi fili da ra'ayin theistic humanism bayyana kansu a cikin ayyukansu na Erasmus, Willibald Pirckheimer.

Ya amsa da tambaya game da abin da yake humanism, kuma ba zamani malaman-masana falsafa. A al'adar Renaissance humanism har yanzu ba mika da matsayi a cikin zamani falsafar yammacin Turai. Imani da ikon mutum, girmawa sha'awa mai iko dukka, da ikonsa na da mutum, wani kaffa imani da yiwuwar inganta al'umma - duk wannan ya sa bil'adama mafi m da m hanya na zamani falsafa.