Menene sana'ar hadura? Rarrabuwa da kuma listing

Hadura to mutane za su iya zama a ko'ina. Ko da a cikin al'ada wajajen ayuka zuwa ga ma'aikata ta shafa korau dalilai, kamar aiki a kwamfuta, ko tsawo zaune. Menene sana'ar hadura? Wannan mummunan sakamakon da fuskantar da ma'aikata a Enterprises.

definition

Mai shuke-shuke da masana'antu aikin da aka alaka da tasiri a kan ma'aikata na korau yanayi. Cutarwa da kuma kawo hadari lokacin da ake ko da yaushe m. Me ne mai hadarin gaske factor na samar? Wadannan su ne abubuwan saboda abin da wani mutum na kiwon lafiya tabarbarewa.Idan ko akwai wani rauni. A cikin masana'antu kansu da irin wannan yanayi sau da yawa ci karo.

Menene sana'ar hadura? Wannan ya hada da wani mummunan tasiri, abu don cututtuka daban-daban. Bã su da sunan sana'a cututtuka. Cutarwa yanayin aiki da kuma sana'a hadura ne irin wannan. Ka tuna cewa iyakoki tsakanin wadannan Concepts matukar. A wani musamman yanayi hadura juya cikin hatsari. Alal misali, high zafi dauke unfavorable yanayin, shi ya zama cikin hanyar daban-daban na numfashi cututtuka. Idan wani mutum aiki a irin wannan yanayi da wani lantarki halin yanzu, shi ne mai hadarin gaske.

rarrabuwa

Akwai rarrabuwa na sana'a hadura, saboda su ne daban-daban asalin. Sai ya faru da cewa kamfanonin bayyana unfavorable aiki yanayin saboda da manual. Wannan filin wajibi ne a mayar da hankali a kan dubawa jikinsu. Idan kamfanin yana da hadura, shi wajibi ne ya dauki matakai domin rage su tasiri a kan mutane.

Akwai rarrabuwa cutarwa dalilai. Yana ba ka damar rarraba su zuwa:

• jiki.
• sinadaran.
• nazarin halittu;
• psychophysiological.

Wannan jerin cutarwa da kuma m ayyukansu a da yawa Enterprises. Duk wannan yana da mummunan tasiri a kan mutane, wanda rinjayar da kiwon lafiya. Menene sana'ar hadura, shan la'akari da wadannan Concepts? Wannan effects da suke cutarwa ga jiki da kuma m kiwon lafiya. Babu bayyana rabuwa tsakanin m da kuma cutarwa dalilai. Shi ne matukar.

Cutarwa sinadaran dalilai

Mene ne cutarwa dalilai a samar? Wannan mummunan sakamako a kan yanayi saboda da fasaha matakai. Sau da yawa wannan ne karo a cikin:

• aiki details sinadaran nufin;
• zanen kayan aiki;
• waldi.
• tafiyar matakai da ake ji anticorrosive coatings.
• Metal Processing.

Idan ka yi wadannan iri jobs, bayyanar da cutarwa aka gyara ba za a iya kauce masa. Amma su m ilimi shi ne dalilin da ba yarda ko rashin amfani da fasahar kayan aiki.

jiki dalilai

A kan samar da shi ne kusan ba zai yiwu a kauce wa rinjayar da yawa dalilai. A musamman wadanda sun hada da:

• zazzabi, zafi, radiation;
• electromagnetic filayen.
• Laser da ultrasonic radiation;
• vibration.
• karfi amo.
• lighting.
• daukan hotuna zuwa turɓãya da aerosols.
• cajin iska.
• aiki sassa na kida.

Exposure zuwa cutarwa dalilai kadai ba ya gudanar da hatsarin wani mutum idan wannan ba ga tsawo. Amma yawanci ma'aikata suna rinjayi da su lokaci mai tsawo, haka ma, su ne yawanci 'yan jinsin, saboda wannan, da effects ne palpable.

A sakamakon amo a kan mutum

Mene ne cutarwa samar dalilai sun on samarwa? Akwai su da yawa, daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci shi ne da amo. Shi ne a duk shagunan inda kayan aiki ne sarrafa. Saboda kullum aiki kayan aiki a cikin dakin ne sosai m. Idan wani mutum ne kullum zai shafi irin abubuwan, shi zai adversely shafi kiwon lafiya. M amo da aka haddasa ciwon kai, pressurization, ji hanawa.

Wadannan dalilai da tasiri da rage aikinta, da hankali ga bayyanar gajiya. Kuma ya kasance hanyar hatsarori. Shugabannin muhimmanci a tabbatar da wani m matakin na amo, don haka da cewa shi ba ya adversely shafi kiwon lafiya na ma'aikata.

A saboda wannan dalili:

• silencers.
• sirri m kayan aiki.
• soundproofing m muhallin.
• Kayan ado mamaye kayan.

Wadannan matakan samar da ma'aikata za su kasance mafi dadi yanayi. Wannan rage hadarin hatsarori, kazalika da sauran m effects.

Rinjayar vibration da kuma ta kawar

Enumeration cutarwa dalilai sun hada da vibration. An kasu kashi da dama Categories:

• watsa Hanyar - janar da kuma gida.
• shugabanci - tsaye da kuma a kwance.
• daukan hotuna lokaci - da kuma lokacin da akai.

Saboda da m tasiri na wannan factor yake ta tabarbarewa ba kawai juyayi tsarin, amma kuma ga musculoskeletal tsarin, da analyzers. Ma'aikata suka yi kullum aiki a irin wannan yanayi, koka zafi a kai, dizziness, tashin zuciya. Kuma idan sun har yanzu shafi zafi, high zafin jiki da kuma amo, shi ne saboda wannan vibration ne Littafi mummunan tasiri.

Kawar da wadannan cutarwa samar dalilai a wurin aiki, za ka iya amfani da:

• sauyawa a kan fasaha da kayan aiki;
• m coatings amfani a kan fašakarwar sassa.
• shigarwa a kan wani m tushe na na'urorin.

Exposure zuwa sinadaran jamiái

Aka gyara na da irin wannan ya kasu kashi da dama Categories.

A cikin effects a kan mutum kiwon lafiya su ne:

• mai guba sakamako a kan dukan kwayoyin, misali, carbon monoxide, Mercury da gubar.
• irritants, suka shafi da mucous membranes (acetone, chlorine, nitrogen oxides).
• carcinogenic, an kafa daga ciwon daji Kwayoyin ne chromium oxide, beryllium.
• allergenic.
• mutagenic, kai ga canje-canje a cikin DNA na sel.
• shafi na haihuwa aiki.

Sun shiga cikin jiki ta hanyar:

• numfashi tsarin.
• gastrointestinal.
• fata da kuma mucous membranes.

Hadari, cutarwa samar dalilai a wurin aiki da daban-daban effects a kan mutane. A wannan hasashe ake kasaftawa:

• hadarin gaske musamman.
• sosai kawo hadari.
• moderately m.
• low Hazard.

Idan m kayan aiki amfani da Enterprises, ma'aikata ba za a shafa ta korau abubuwan. Wannan rage hadarin da lafiya.

aiki dalilai

Psychophysiological dalilai sun hada da tsanani daga cikin aiki da yanayi da kuma ta tashin hankali. Hard aiki ya shafi:

• m iri a kan zuciya, jini, musculoskeletal da numfashi tsarin.
• canzawa kaya size.
• yawan maimaita motsi.
• da adadin kayan da cewa dole ne a dauke.
• babban ma'aikata a kan taƙawa.

Tashin hankali kaya da aka dauke su a kan m tsarin, ma'ana gabobin. Yana hada da ci gaba da shafi tunanin mutum aiki, da monotony na tafiyar matakai, da kaya a kan wani tunanin Sphere. Duk wadannan abubuwan shafi mutane da yawa, amma ga sãɓãwar launukansa digiri.

A sakamakon cutarwa dalilai a kan mutane

Kowane kamfanin samar da wani yanayin da saboda ma'aikata da ya dace da yanayi dole ne a halitta. Wannan da farko yana nufin da tsabta iska a wuraren aiki. Dubagari kungiyoyin raba cutarwa dalilai a kan sinadaran da aka gyara da kuma masana'antu ƙura.

A farko ne zuwa kashi:

• poisons.
• magungunan kashe qwari.
• magunguna.
• iyali sunadarai.
• mai guba aka gyara.

Dust ne matsala a cikin filin na karafa, metallurgy, inji aikin injiniya, aikin noma. Its mummunan tasiri aka bayyana a gaskiyar cewa shi tasowa na huhu cuta. Da dama korau dalilai shafi kowane kamfanin ma'aikata. Shi ne saboda wannan tsaro software ne mai muhimmanci a samar Sphere.

Yadda za a kare da hadura?

Ko da tare da zama dole bukatun har yanzu ba zai iya samun dama yanayin aiki. Wannan ba za a iya cimma saboda fasaha matakai, kayayyakin da albarkatun kasa. Kariya da korau dalilai kamata tabbatar da cewa shugabannin kungiyoyi.

The aiki wajibi ne a yi amfani da wadannan sharudda:

• kawar da hadura ko rage hadarin da tasiri;
• amfani mai lafiya da hanyoyin da aiki;
• aiwatar da matakan magance korau dalilai.
• aikace-aikace na magunguna.

Yana yakan faru da cewa matakan da ba da cikakken tabbatar da kare lafiya da yanayin aiki. A cikin wadannan lokuta, yi amfani da PPE. Mafi mashahuri na wadannan sun hada da:

• Kudi daga vibration. Saboda da irin wannan kariya rage yadda ya dace da aiki, akwai buƙatar ka kai yau da kullum da karya.
• Belun kunne amo. Amma da suka rage ikon kewaya, taimakawa zuwa fitowan da ciwon kai.
• Respirators da gas masks. Long da suka yi aiki m, saboda haka muna bukatar yin amfani da madadin wajen.

PPE rage tasiri na korau dalilai, amma da suka gabatar da wani hadari ga sauran mutum. Saboda haka, da suka kamata a yi amfani ne kawai ga manufar da aka nufa.

aminci

Aminci dokoki da ake bukata don hana mummunan tasiri dalilai a kan mutum yanayin. Saboda haka, da samar da aka dauke su a m motsa jiki domin kare lafiya horo. Wadannan hanyoyin dole ne a rubuta a cikin log tare da sa hannu na alhakin mutane da kuma ma'aikata.

Akwai da dama iri na irin wannan aiki:

• Gabatarwa wa'azi da shi. Yana yana da za'ayi kafin shan da mutum zuwa aiki. A taron ne m ga dukkan, ko da wuri, yawan shekaru da shekaru.
• Primary. Shirya a wajen aiki, taron da aka gudanar master ko mai duba.
• Maimaita. An za'ayi domin kowane ma'aikaci kowane 6 watanni.
• Unplanned. An gudanar for canje-canje a cikin dokokin aiki, a lokacin da sayen kayan aiki, gano da suka faru, bayan hutu.

A yi, ba duk kamfanonin suna karantar. Sau da yawa, ma'aikatan samar da mujallar ga tasirin da cewa taron ya. Wannan shi ne wani take hakkin. Tsaro a sha'anin dogara a kan aikin na shugabannin.

alhakin

Yawanci, kungiyoyi da mutane alhakin lafiya da aminci. Su sarrafa tsaro. Idan gano sabawa daga na kullum, abin da ya kamata dauke da wurin aiki, bayar da alhakin. Wannan an rubuta a cikin dokokin. Sakamakonsa shi ne administrative, laifi, horo.

A management da kuma kula hukumomi don gabatar fanarite ga alhakin mutum a cikin nau'i na sallama, mai tsawatawa, a lafiya. Idan akwai wani tsanani take hakki, mutumin da alhakin azãba, da rashin shiga cikin ayyukan, daidaituwa aiki da kuma kurkuku.

Babban burin kamfanin ne ya zama mai lafiya. Kawai idan an complied tare, shi ne zai yiwu don inganta aikin yadda ya dace, da kuma tabbatar da m aiki na ma'aikatan.