Menene tushen hairs na shuke-shuke?

A wannan duniya tamu, akwai fiye da ɗari huɗu da daban-daban iri iri na shuke-shuke, da kuma da suka yi da dama ayyuka. Mu, tare da sauran dabbobi cinye su abinci, amma tare da bambanci cewa bijirar da shuke-shuke zuwa daban-daban iri magani - dafa, soya, ɗanɗana, canning. mu yi da tufafi, magani, furniture. sun samar da dukan abubuwa masu rai tare da oxygen. Domin shekaru masu yawa, masana kimiyya suna karatu daban-daban, dũkiyõyinsu, suna aiki a kan kiwon waddan sabon, mafi resistant zuwa yanzu muhalli da yanayi da kuma sauyin yanayi iri, da kuma aiki a kan adana miyagun nazarin amfani, da sauransu, wanda yana da muhimmanci duka biyu ga mutane, kuma domin yanayi a matsayin dukan. Musamman, da topic za a shafa a yanzu, ya nuna Concepts kamar tsarin da tushen tsarin, ta daban da kuma ayyuka.

Mene ne jiki shuka?

A wani ɓangare na hukumomi na duk wata shuka ake rarraba a aiki da tsarin. Ka'idojin rabuwa ne guda kamar yadda a cikin dabbobi, ciki har da mutane. Kunnen da hanta da daban-daban siffofi da kuma ayyuka, da kuma haka ake mai suna daban. Daidai ne da ganye da kuma tushen sa. Idan muka yi magana game da hakan shuke-shuke, da rabuwa da jikin da ke shiga biyu manyan kungiyoyin, vegetative (wadanda cewa ana amfani da girma da kuma abinci mai gina jiki) da kuma haihuwa (da alhakin haifuwa na da nasu irin). Wani irin tushen tsarin yana nufin da vegetative gabobin.

A ra'ayi na tushen da kuma ta ayyuka

Tushen ne axial jiki da shuka. Da farko shi tabbatar da shuka a cikin ƙasa. Ya kuma hidima a matsayin "ikon", kuma shi ne yanzu wani ɓangare na tushen da dankon. Wannan ne amsar wannan tambaya da abin da aikin da aka yi da tushen hairs, shi ne daidai da sha na ruwa daga ƙasa, kuma ma'adanai bukata domin cika rai da shuka. Har ila yau, tushen tsarin ne iya samar da daban-daban abubuwa, kamar girma hormone, ko wani iri-iri na alkaloids, da muhimmanci ga dukan shuka. Wadannan abubuwa za su iya matsawa har da gangar jikin na shuka, da kuma iya tara a cikin tushen tsarin da kanta. Yana kuma iya aiki a matsayin ajiya dakin - wani abu cellar irin m gina jiki. Shuke-shuke da tushen kira tushen.

Duk mun san karas, beets, radishes, wanda suke daidai da wadanda mafi tushen kayan lambu. Me kuma yake iya tushen tsarin, don haka shi ne kara azama tare da "makwabta" a wani wuri na ci gaba. Saboda haka, yana yiwuwa symbiosis tare da sauran shuke-shuke, fungi ko micro-kwayoyin, kuma shi ne iya kusan duk wani nau'in tushen tsarin. Bugu da kari ga ayyuka na tushen iya nufin vegetative yaduwa. Its amfani shi ne, domin fitowan da wani sabon shuka ba ya bukatar wani abokin tarayya, kamar yadda a cikin hali na jima'i haifuwa.

Vegetative haifuwa - shi ne jigon

Wannan haifuwa na da nasu irin na iya faruwa ko da taimakon talakawa ganye. Da zarar a sharadi gwargwado, zai iya bari tsere, da kuma hasken zai zama, misali, wani sabon begonia. Willow reshe, neman up daga itãciyar kuma za a iya kamu a kasa da kuma kai tushen. A daidai wannan m da asalinsu. Wasu shuke-shuke za a iya kafa a kan rhizome buds, daga abin da girma sabon, cikakken da kuma m misali, ko siffar tubers. A mafi daukan hankali misali, wanda yana nufin karshen harka, shi ne dankalin turawa - bako daga Amirka, don haka da kyau saba wa mu yanayi. Saboda haka, da tubers an kafa a kan tushen wannan shuka kuma muna rayayye cinyewa a cikin abinci, a lokaci guda ana amfani da girma sabon dankalin turawa bushes, kuma daidai da, sabon tubers. Kartoshinu sprouts, ko da wani ɓangare na shi, wanda yana da akalla daya sprout, shi ne iya ba da rai zuwa wani sabon, high-sa dankalin turawa daji, ba daban-daban daga "uwar". A da kyau yanayi zai zama moriya ga mafi ci gaban da daji, har ma mafi girma da ake samu. Menene tushen hairs, san duk mai kyau manoma, sabili da haka amfani da wadannan takin zamani da ƙasa magani hanya, bayan da cire high da ake samu daga high quality-halitta kayayyakin. Hakika, akwai har yanzu da yawa ya dogara da yanayi na tsawon proizrostaniya, amma shi ke wani lãbãri. Bari mu koma ga vegetative haifuwa.

Saboda haka, wannan haifuwa ne yadu amfani a cikin aikin gona da kuma aikin noma. Amma tare da amfani, za ka iya tuna game da hatsarori. Saboda haka, muna magana ne game da weeds. Domin al'adu kansu akwai wata matsala kamar wheatgrass. A rhizomes wannan babbar shuka, kuma idan lalace, suka iya a mayar, ya canza kama zuwa wani sabon shuka. Alal misali, idan ka karya up tare da m plowing daya rootstock for hudu, nan da nan proizrastot sabon hudu sako. Wannan ne mafi sharri ga mutum, wato ga site mai shi, wanda yake so ya girma a kan shi mai yawa daban-daban kayan lambu, amma maimakon a amfanin gona na alkama ciyawa. Amma shuka da kanta da wannan ikon - shi ne mai babbar da.

An ban sha'awa harka, a lokacin da rhizomes ne dormant buds. Shi shafi sau da yawa itatuwa. Lokacin da babban inji shi ne rai da lafiya, wadannan buds kamar yadda idan a wani coma. Su ne, rãyayyu ne su, amma babu wani ci gaba. Amma idan ka ce, sare itace, sa'an nan kodan da sauri a kunne kuma sāke kan lokaci a cikin matasa shuke-shuke da wannan nau'in. Wadannan buds da itatuwa oak, basswood, Birch.

Menene babban iri tushen?

Akwai iri uku asalinsu. Cif tasowa daga amfrayo da iri. Daga shi tashi a kaikaice tushen da suke iya reshe fita. Akwai kuma adventitious asalinsu. Za su iya bayyana a kan saman shuka, a kan tushe ko ganye. All iri Tushen tare gyara dukan tushen tsarin. A halaye na wadannan iri tushen tsarin rarraba ta hanyar irin.

Nau'in na tushen tsarin

Idan shuka yana da pronounced taproot, irin wannan tushen tsarin da aka kira da zuciyar.

Menene "da-tsare"? Wannan yana nufin cewa shi ne da yawa thicker da kuma fiye da sauran, diverging daga shi asalinsu. Wannan tushen tsarin hali na dicots. Idan shuka babban tushen da aka ba bayyana, to, wannan ne ake kira a fibrous tushen tsarin.

Taproot iya zama ba ya nan ko ba zai zama daban-daban daga cikin sauran.

Kowane tushen za a iya raba da dama zones, wanda yake da alhakin wani takamaiman aiki.

Hudu raba zones da suke da hali na matasa tushen

A farko zone ne halin da sel da apical meristem. Wannan rabo yanki, ko tushen hula. Case kunshi Length ya zo daya millimeter.

Na biyu zone - da ci gaban yankin, ko da mikewa. Shi ne saboda ci gaban da Kwayoyin wannan ɓangare na tsawon 'yan millimeters, akwai wani tsawon kwanakinka da babban tushen.

The uku zone - tsotsa zone ko sashi na tushen dankon. Ga su sanya a kalla - da lambar a cikin daruruwan raka'a ta millimeter square, kuma sũ, kullum mamaye gina jiki daga ƙasa, wadda za ta tafi da kara a karo na hudu tushen zone - a rike yankin, inda riga babu wani tushen hairs, kuma akwai wata samuwar high-sa high-iko (a kan sikelin mutum shuke-shuke) na kaikaice asalinsu.

Wani irin tushen tsarin da band a kan matasa asalinsu. Tsakanin zones ba share partitions, dukkan su smoothly cikin juna.

Ban sha'awa yankunan da matasa tushen

Akidar hula har yanzu Bears sunan Calyptra. Its Kwayoyin ba rayuwa fiye da kwanaki tara, sa'an nan kuma mutuwa da kuma flake kashe daga tushe. Kamar wancan akwai wani copious gamsai, wanda ya sa ya fi sauƙi ga tushen hanyar kara girma - a cikin zurfin ko kamu, ba kome.

Wannan shi ne tushen tashin hankali zone Firaministan kara shiga cikin ƙasa. Lokacin da wani ba zone Kwayoyin dauka ruwa, suna miƙa a tsawon, da kuma na faruwa idan dai da Kwayoyin karshe ogrubeyut kuma ba su shigar da tsotsa zone. Ba zato ba tsammani, wannan yanki shi ne kusan m, a bayyanar.

A tabo inda da zarar ya da wani tashin hankali zone, da gashin fara nunawa. Amma sama da rike yankin, sun a lokaci guda a fara mutuwa. Tun sha zone motsa bayan turawa da tushen a cikin ƙasa. Yawan hairs da square millimeter aka kiyasta a cikin daruruwan.

tsotsa yanki - mafi muhimmanci na tushen shuka rayuwa

Tushen hairs na shuke-shuke, kamar yadda riga aka ambata a sama, sha ruwa daga ƙasa, ma'adinai abubuwa narkar da a cikin ruwa, wanda ake bukata domin ta dace girma. Saboda wannan mayar da hankali a kan tushen sashi, da kuma la'akari da shi a cikin mafi daki-daki.

Mene ne tushen da wani gashi?

Menene tushen hairs, mun riga bayyana game. Yanzu ya zama dole mu fahimci yadda wannan ya faru, saboda wasu tsarin fasali na mafi gashi yiwu sha na abubuwa daga ƙasa. Duk wani tushen gashi, da watsuwar wanda, a ka'ida, za a iya dauka a matsayin kadan a matsayin uku Lines, shi ne ainihin muhimmanci sosai.

A tsawon wannan dankon ne quite kananan da yake a cikin kewayon 0.1-8 mm, bisa ga wasu data - 0,06-10 mm. A diamita na gashi iya zama a cikin kewayon biyar zuwa saba'in micrometers. Idan muka yi magana game da tsarin da gashi tushen, shi ne, domin mafi yawan bangare, elongated Kwayoyin kwasfa tushen. Kusan duk na cell - a vacuole, a kusa da akwai wani bakin ciki Layer na cytoplasm, kuma wanda ya ƙunshi cikin tsakiya na cell. An located a cikin cytoplasm, don haka abin da yake a saman gashi.

A tsarin da tsotsa band

Idan muka yi giciye-sashe, za mu gani a gaban uku main sassan - a tsakiyar Silinda, bawo, kuma m shafi a cikin wani nau'i na bakin ciki-hananna fata a kan wanda tushen hairs suna kafa. tsotsa zone farawa daga gaskiya cewa fata Kwayoyin aka rufe da gamsai, wanda bãyukansu zuwa ga ƙasa. Saboda haka, shi yuwuwa fahimta daga ƙasa na da muhimmanci abubuwa. Next ne a Layer na haushi, wanda daukan rawar da wani majiɓinci, na tsakiyar Silinda, mahaliccin bitamin mahadi da wakĩli na ajiya abubuwa, sau da yawa - sitaci. Jamhuriyar Silinda - a conductive masana'anta wadda motsa up a cikin shuka dukan abubuwa, da kuma sharkaf da baya biyu sassan.

Absorption da tukar tumbi

Don gane da yadda tushen hairs samar da sha na abubuwa daga ƙasa, yana da daraja ambata biyu fasali. Farko - gashi Kwayoyin suna iya encapsulate wani barbashi na duniya da kuma a zahiri girma tare da shi. Na biyu - da dankon ga mafi alhẽri sha asirce daban-daban acid (oxalic acid, malic acid, carbonic). Wadannan biyu siffofin ne key a kan aiwatar da shuka abinci mai gina jiki.

The girma na tsarin na tushen hairs

Mun fahimci cewa wasu aiki da aka yi da tushen hairs. Amma a nan ne tambaya: "Ta yaya ne zullumi (tuna, girman tushen hairs - 0.1-8 mm) otrostochki za a iya powered, misali, wata babbar Birch?" Amsar mai sauki. Sun dauki ba size, da kuma yawa. Idan muka magana game da hatsin rai harbe cewa hudu watanni 'haihuwa, "cewa yana da ... game da biliyan 14 tushen dankon. Yana da kawai goma kilomita dubu na thread cewa garwaya da kome da kowa da kowa a cikin hanyar, tare da sha yankin, ta hanyar, a yankin na hudu murabba'in mita. Abin da ya yi magana na babban shuke-shuke, da tushen tsarin ya yaɗu ga mutane da yawa mita a kusa da akwati a cikin babba yadudduka na duniya (misali, a tushen irin goro watsu a nesa na ashirin da mita a kusa da ku), ko waɗanda suka sa saukar da tushen zurfi a cikin ƙasa (wannan Greek irin goro iya shiga zuwa zurfin shida zuwa bakwai mita).

An abar irin goro itacen yana da kyau ta kara karfafa da ƙasa kuma kare shi daga landslides daidai saboda ta tushen tsarin. Man yana amfani da wadannan siffofin don adana da yankunan a hadarin landslides, da kuma mutane marasa fahimta guda mutumin sare daji, wadda rike da tushen tsaunuka.

A tsawon rai na wani gashi tushen

Da samuwar irin gabobin da tushen ne mun gwada da azumi. Wani lokaci shi ne isa cewa wani abu game da ranar - domin kowace shuka ne daban-daban deadlines. Amma rayuwa a cikin gashi ga goma zuwa ashirin kwana. Suna da hankali maye gurbinsu da sabon, girma bayan tushen na ci gaba a cikin ƙasa a wuri inda tushen ci gaban yankin coarseness, da ciyar da kara bayan tushen hula.

Saboda haka, mun koya abin da aikin da aka yi da tushen hairs ba ma zurfi a cikin wuya ga talakawa kunnuwa terminology na kimiyya ne, kuma a Bugu da kari, lokaci guda dauke da mutum halaye na tushen tsarin a matsayin dukan.