Meridian Zero: shi ne. Ina da sifili Meridian kafa?

Tsarawa da kuma wuri na wani abu a cikin ƙasa za a iya ƙaddara da sanin sigogi na latitud da longitude maki. Bari mu ga abin da tausasãwa na tamanin da kowane daga cikinsu.

Ta yaya domin sanin tsarawa

Duk wani zamani Gwargwadon map ya sa ya yiwu a samu da lura na wani birni, dutse, ko lake. Muna bukatar mu san latitud da longitude Figures.

Tare da farko duk sarari: shi ne a tsare tare da girmamawa ga ekweita - kirkiran line cewa gudanar a wani wuri inda Duniya ta axis perpendicular da jirgin saman intersects tsakiyar duniya tamu. Shi ne farkon frame, wani irin "sifili" domin gano da latitud, a layi daya tsari. Ekweita gudanar ta hanyar kasashe da dama - Congo, Kenya, Uganda da Somalia a Afirka, Indonesia, located a kan Sunda Islands, Ecuador, Brazil, Colombia, a Kudancin Amirka. Mazauna bada bayyananne ra'ayin da fāɗin.

Wani abu - da tsawon. Ga wani dogon lokaci babu yarjejeniya a matsayin abin dauki matsayin tushen tunani na tsarawa. Longitude - da definition matsayi a kan Duniya ta surface batu dangi da sifili batu, wanda ya tafi daga meridians. Shi ne kuma hasashen Lines da ya rage wuya da aiki tare da maps. A kwana tsakanin kowanne daga cikinsu da kuma tunani nufi shi ne longitude. Meridian Zero - tushen da reference tsarawa.

Matsala definition longitude

Idan ekweita duk bayyana a fili cewa da irin wannan "sifili Meridian", ya ba nan da nan ya bayyana. Domin shekaru masu yawa a kasashe daban-daban amfani da su "sifili". Hakika, wannan halitta rikice.

Kowane kai mutunta kimiyya kasar a cikin XIX karni, ya samu wani Observatory su kiyaye wani sarari suKe jikinsu. Shi ne mai ma'ana na reference longitude. A Rasha, da Amurka, Birtaniya da kuma Faransa da su sa hannu matsayi meridians.

Longitude da muhimmanci sosai a marine kewayawa. Kuma tun kafin samuwar share kimiyya reference tsarin, akwai wasu hanyoyin da cewa a yarda ba don samun ɓace a cikin teku. Na farko zaži aka miƙa Iogann Verner. Jigon - da kallo na Moon. Wata hanya nasa ne da baiwa da Galileo Galilei. Tare da taimakon da kawo nesa kusa ya kalli matsayin na Jupiter ta amaryar wata. A hasara wannan Hanyar - bukatar wuya na'urorin.

A Hanyar ne sauki - definition ta hanyar gida bambance-bambance da kuma daidai lokacin da reference batu - wallafa Friziusa Gema. Amma irin wannan m agogo, ma, ba a duk.

Meridian Zero ya zama wani irin Mai Tsarki Grail - for daidai tabbatar da dalilin da longitude a kasar Birtaniya ko miƙa wata babbar premium. Sa'an nan matsalar da aka sabuwar dabara na m kowane lokaci. Mene ne Firayim Meridian, sa'an nan kawai ba su sani ba.

A Agogon har yanzu aka ƙirƙira. Award for su kasance Dzhon Garrison. Amma a cikin kewayawa ci gaba da amfani da tsohon hanyoyin. Da juyo ya sabuwar dabara na rediyo. Modern matuƙan amfani da tauraron dan adam data a kayyade longitude.

reference batu

Kamar yadda aka ambata, kowace kasa, wanda yana da wani Observatory, ya sanya farko longitude tunani. Ta hanyar da Paris Observatory gudanar da eponymous Meridian. Yana shahara a cikin XIX karni.

A Rasha, da sifili Meridian sa suna Pulkovo. Sunan da ya samu daga Observatory, dake kusa da St. Petersburg. Yana amfani da yafi a Rasha. Wannan "sifili" Meridian wuce ta Mogilev, Kiev yankin, Lake Tanganyika a Afirka, da pyramids na Misira. A halin yanzu mataki da ba a amfani.

Popular Ferro Meridian yake wucewa ta cikin Canarian tsibirin na wannan sunan. An farko amfani da Talomi.

Tun da XIX karni a Ingila ne Greenwich Meridian. Ya kunshe a matsayin "sifili" ga longitude tunani a cikin zamani duniya.

Greenwich sifili Meridian - kirkiran line wucewa ta London. Daga Pulkovo da wani bambanci na digiri 30, tare da Paris - 2.

Meridian taro

A 1884, a kan shiri na daidaita tunani tsarin a Washington taru mashawarta geographers da kuma 'yan siyasa. International Meridian taro kawo tare da wakilai daga Rasha, Austria-Hungary, Jamus, Birtaniya, Faransa, Denmark, Chile, Venezuela, Japan, Switzerland, da Ottoman Empire da kuma sauran kasashe. Total halarci 41 wakilainsu.

Bugu da kari a kayyade da longitude, mahalarta sun sha'awar ci gaban lokaci-lissafin kudi tsarin. Menene matsalar? Kuma cewa har da XIX karni, guda, kenan lokaci bai wanzu ba. All jin dadin da na gida raka'a. Wannan ya sa rikice. A rashin nagartacce hana cinikayya tsakanin kasashen da daban-daban matakan ci gaban kimiyya da al'adu. Akwai matsaloli da kai.

Inda ya kamata a fara da kidaya longitude

Daga cikin dukkan data kasance farawa da maki dole zabi daya. Shawarwarin da ake yi ta hanyar bude rumfunan zaɓen, wanda ya samu halartar duk wakilai ba.

A taron hukunci wanda abu ya zama farkon longitude tunani. Meridian Zero, bisa ga shawarwarin da wakilai, za a iya ratsa ta Paris, da Azores da Canary Islands, Bering mashigar, Greenwich. A tsibirin nan da nan rasa saututtukansu - akwai ba a dace da mataki na kimiyya goyon baya. Paris, ma, ba su samun kuri'u. Ferro, ko m, aka kuma ƙi. London lashe Firayim Meridian, a'a kawai Faransa.

A kadan daga cikin lokaci

A farkon magana ta bukatar daidaita da matsayin na lokaci, ya Mr. Sandford Fleming, mai sauki Kanad m. Da zarar fita daga cikin rikici a lokacin da ya yi latti domin a jirgin kasa da kuma rasa wani muhimmin taro. Saboda haka, tun 1876, Fleming ya nemi sake fasalin.

A batun da aka yanke shawarar a taron, a Birnin Washington. tsarin Shiyyar lokaci da aka kafa, wanda aka yi amfani da har zuwa yanzu. Innovations samu, ba duka. Alal misali, Rasha ya koma da misali ne kawai a 1919. Jamus, Faransa da kuma Austria-Hungary ma shiga daga baya.

A reference nufi shi ne sifili Meridian. Tekuna, tekuna, ƙasar wuce wannan kirkirarren line. Iyakoki na zones ne 24 meridians. Amma har yanzu ba kowa da kowa ya bi wannan division. A dalilai domin wannan - da girman kasashen. A mafi m agogo a duniya ne ma a Greenwich. Af, GPS tsarin ya nuna asalin longitude ba a cikin Observatory, da kuma mita 100 daga shi.

Greenwich Observatory

Cibiyar astronomical Research a Birtaniya da kuma asalin longitude - Observatory a Greenwich. Wannan wuri yana da wani arziki tarihi. Ya dogara ne a XVII karni ta hanyar kokarin Sarki Charles II. A lokacin ta zama, da Observatory canza wurinta. A ra'ayin na samar da irin wannan ma'aikata ba na wa sarki da kuma dattaku Jonas Moore. Ya rinjayi sarki zuwa ga muhimmancin da Observatory, da kuma manyan falakin Dzhona Flemstida da shawarar yin. Ba da da ewa ginin da aka tsara da kuma gina, zaki ya share na kudade da aka Moore ta kafadu.

Akwai sun kafa wani cikakken Agogon da lokaci tunani. Kamar yadda aka sani, shi ya wuce ta Observatory farko longitude tunani. A gida matakin, da Greenwich Meridian fara yin amfani da baya a 1851, da kuma amince da a shahara taro a 1884.

Observatory da zarar kokarin busa up! A lokacin, a 1894, shi ne na musamman, da farko idan a cikin tarihi na Birtaniya.

A halin yanzu mataki Observatory ya ci gaba da aiki. Akwai daban-daban kida domin gudanar da bincike a cikin ilmin taurari. A gaskiya, shi ne gidan kayan gargajiya, wanda gidaje da yawa m farfado. Su yi tunani da tarihin kimiyya da fasaha, musamman a fagen na ji lokaci. maimaitawa da aka za'ayi kwanan nan halitta a planetarium, galleries.

ƙarshe

Prime Meridian - longitude reference batu da kuma lokaci. Amma ajalin za a iya amfani da su a wasu wurare. Saboda haka, a 2006 Rasha ya zama mashahuri kungiyar "Prime Meridian". "Shin, ba maganata" - cikin shahararrun song wannan kungiya.

Kidaya longitude ga shi shekaru masu yawa da aka gudanar Greenwich. Tashi daga sifili Meridian line, wanda ya kira da tsarawa a dukkan sassa na duniya. Yana tsãgewar ƙwãyar da duniya a kan gabashin da kuma yammacin yammancin duniya. Zero Meridian wuce ta Algeria, Ghana, da Mali, da Spain, da Burtaniya, Faransa. Saboda haka, wadannan kasashe suna located in duka biyu hemispheres a lokaci guda.