Business, Masana'antu
"MSTA-C." 2C19 "MSTA-C". nauyi makamai
Modern kai-propelled manyan bindigogi, ga alama, yana da jin xaukaka a cikin sunan "Allah na War". Kuna hukunta da ta super-m a fagen yaƙi, shi ya zama mai yiwuwa ga bayani daga manyan dabara matsaloli ta hanyar aikace-aikace na dabara nukiliya warheads. Idan muka magana game da al'ada warheads, mafi tasiri wuta "kai-propelled" shiryar da makamai masu linzami "Krasnopol".
Abin da wadannan kai-propelled bindigogi ne fundamentally daban-daban daga cikin nauyi tankuna, ko da yake gani ci gaba da zama kamar su? Mene ne fasaha da kuma dabara siffofin camo boyewa su makamai? Amsar wadannan tambayoyi za su fara duba daga nesa, tare da tarihin wannan makami.
Juyin Halitta kai-propelled raka'a a Rasha
A ra'ayi na kai-propelled manyan bindigogi raka'a (Sau) samo asali a lokacin yakin duniya na, daga wani sauki ra'ayin - yi da motsi na "Allah na War", kamar yadda aka kira a lokacin da manyan bindigogi. Inganta aka samu da bindigogi gabatarwa a mota. Yana da muhimmanci cewa aikin farko - don ƙirƙirar na farko na kasa gyarawa Sau a kan nasu shasi - nasa ne da dan sanannen sunadarai V.D.Mendeleevu. Abin takaici, wannan m domin ta lokaci, shirin ya ba da aka fassara cikin gaskiya.
Duk da haka, ra'ayin da aka aiwatar tukuna, ko da yake ba a Rasha, kuma a cikin Tarayyar Soviet (ba za mu yi la'akari da m shuka bindigogi a baya na wani truck). Land na Soviets gudanar ya kafa taro samar na kai-propelled bindigogi. Wannan matsakaicin mobile firepower aka bayar domin lalata maƙiyi kufaifan da sulke da motocin. Lokacin da kama na Berlin tare da dakarun yin mu'amala ga dubban kai-propelled raka'a.
Wani sabon m an tambayi a kan fronts: a cikin guntu yiwu lokacin - 2 shekaru - ya samo asali ne daga SU-12 da kuma SU-100. Soviet zanen halitta a gyara a gaban kira "St. John wort": shi ne, a wata nisa da rabin kilomita yadda ya kamata ƙulli frontal makamai na sabuwar a lokacin da Jamus tankuna "Tiger" da "damisa". Soviet Gunners sun harbe saukar da wani fegi da Jamusanci tank, tank shayi kansa bayan nasarar a Faransa iya karawa. ACS nuna kanta a cikin yakin Prokhorovka sa'an nan.
Sa'an nan da tsaro masana'antu a kasar, musharaka a cikin makamai tseren, to mayar da hankali ɓullo da wani iko dabarun makamai. Kuma kawai a cikin 70 ga watan shekara, a lokacin da bangarorin biyu na Cold War fara nuna makaman nukiliya na iyaka range, Soviet injiniyoyi koma ga zamanintar da ACS. A general shugabanci na bincike zane ya halittar high-daidaito da kuma high-powered dabara makami m da raunata lalacewar daidai da amfani da makaman nukiliya a iyakance iya aiki.
Lura da wani m Trend - sabon Soviet manyan bindigogi raka'a su ne alhakin da halittar KB ba dalilin shi ne tsananin "flower sunan", "furen karnesha" - 122 mm, "Acacia" - 152,4 mm, "Peony" - 203 mm. Kamar yadda ka gani, da samar da mafi tasiri kai-propelled ICCA-C aka magana a alamance, kusan babban rabo, watau "Na dage farawa daga furanni."
Da bambance-bambance tsakanin tankuna da kai-propelled bindigogi
Bari mu yi kokarin nazarin wannan tambaya. Su duba wani abu, kamar: tankuna da kai-propelled bindigogi. Kawai na farko mafi sulke, yana mai raya-dabaran drive, da makamai mafi m ... Duk da haka, idan kai-propelled manyan bindigogi kawai kofe da ayyuka na tankuna, sa'an nan, tsananin magana, shi bai yi ƙirƙirãwa. Amma da ta ke har yanzu akwai! Saboda haka akwai wani bambancin da a cikin yãƙi na ayyuka, da kuma a cikin hanyoyin da fama da aiki.
Bari mu fara da bayyane. Tank gargajiyance dauke da babban bugu na soja naúrar na Army. Ya maneuverability da kuma iyakar gashi, ciki har da hada protivosnaryadnym hanya. Da taimakon tankuna auku Tsaro nasara, kara m iko. Sun soki mu hanya ta maƙiyi kufaifan ga dakaru, da harbe-harben kan tafi.
Rasha manyan bindigogi sojoji sun saboda su ICCA da muhimmanci bangaren. A data tsarin kai-propelled rabo ajiyar / firepower fili canja a cikin ni'imar da biyu factor. Armor ACS m da frontal manyan bindigogi volleys, amma shi ne iya kare ƙungiya da kananan makamai wuta, haske sulke da motocin, kowane irin bounces.
A dabara na fama amfani da ACS
Kai-propelled (ciki har da ICCA-C) - da makami na biyu line. Sun bayyana inda makiya ba zata kara da manyan bindigogi firepower. Sau dabara ayyuka quite daban fiye tankuna. Ba su tafi "nasara", amma aiki mugun. Su style yana da iyaka daukan hotuna zuwa maƙiyi wuta daga boye daga tasiri kai tsaye daga makiya matsayi. Buga suna cike da gidajen gona a kan wani pre-kafa a raga.
Modern kai-propelled manyan bindigogi ba zai iya zama a wani harbi a waje da line na gani na abokan gaba, amma ba ya ba shi damar zuwa "sifili a" a kan da kansa, kamar yadda wani da kuzari ta sauya matsayin Mukaddashin a kan manufa da "wuta, ya bar" yin amfani da rawar daji kamar yadda wani neutralizing martani wuta daukan hotuna.
ACS ma iya shiga yadda ya kamata a cikin sulke, ga cimma gaci, duk da haka, yayin da ba da kasancewa a cikin na farko line. Manyan bindigogi Rasha (photo a haɗe kai-propelled howitzer), godiya ga ICCA, shi ne ma iya gaba da "Tank na dabara latsa" daidaitaccen wuta goyon baya da kuma habbaka da iya shiga ikon wani tanki nasara a makiya raya.
Ba za mu iya rufe da cewa, daga wani lokaci, kai-propelled karfe hadari ga makasa. Godiya ga zamani tsarin na atomatik saitin raga, ya san kuma shiriya, howitzer kanta "computes" su kuma yadda ya kamata halaka ko a gaske m sarari.
Duk da haka iyakar fama tasiri ACS ake dangantawa da wani batu na amfani da dabara nukiliya da makamai masu linzami 3BV3. Da ikon muhimmi a cikin wadannan makaman nukiliya lura 2.5 kilotons na TNT. Kamar wancan halakar da kansu na tsaro gidaje, masana'antu da sadarwa da wurin, yawa na sojojin.
Development Concepts Sau
A bisa halaye da aka cimma m 70-shekara juyin halitta daga wadannan makamai. Ko da a cikin tsakiyar karni na karshe yãƙi ACS capabilities sun kasance, a saka shi mai laushi, shi yafi tsada ba ne. Sa'an nan ta main aikace-aikace da aka halakar da tankuna, bunkers da sojojin abokan gaba.
Me ya sa irin wata rundunar gun da aka ɓullo da a sakamakon soja-ci gaban fasaha a matsayin kai-propelled manyan bindigogi ICCA-C? Wadanne ma'auni ayyana bukatar shi ne kai-propelled howitzers? Zai yiwu masomin kamata a nemi a gaskiyar cewa gaban-line mataki muhimmanci haye line zurfin kai tsaye harbi bindigogi.
A karkashin sabon ra'ayi na fama ayyukan, da raya da kuma gaban da ya canja: a yanzu rayayye fallasa rundunar manyan bindigogi zama abokan gaba ta defenses har zuwa 25 km a cikin zurfin. Af, tuna da bambanci tsakanin wani howitzer daga gun - jefa wuta daga wurin. Yana ne irin wannan harbi da kuma bayar da sama rarrabẽwa. Kai-propelled shigarwa na karshe karni riga kamar shige domin manufar. Sun fara zamo na 100 mm nesa harbi kai 17 km, su gwada da gajeren ganga ya quite mai kyau tadawa kwana - 75 zuwa 0. Designers gane cewa kara ci gaba da na ACS hangen zaman gaba, kamar yadda tabbas kai ga halittar wani sabon ingancin dabara makamai.
Kai-propelled howitzer gun ICCA C 2S19
A ci gaba da soja kayan aiki ya nufi da cewa kai-propelled bindigogi da aka classified bisa ga aikin halaye, watau, da yanayin da ayyuka yi da fada. Da ciwon da kansa mutum zane fasali a anti, hari (da kufaifan da dakaru), anti-aircraft kai-propelled bindigogi (ga harbe-harben a low kuma sredneletyaschim jirgin sama).
Kuma wani nuances a ci gaba da wannan kayan aikin soji, shibtarsu da wani sabon zagaye na kimiyya da fasaha ci gaba. Alal misali, kai-propelled anti-tanki specialization ne rashin m (ko da yake wannan aiki har yanzu suna da wani). Gaskiyar cewa zamani jirage masu saukar ungulu da kuma makami mai linzami tsarin more saba da yaƙi da tankuna.
Duk da haka, mafi m karfe hari ACS. Idan muka magana game da batun binciken mu, da Howitzer ICCA-C yana nufin musamman ga muka ambata a sama aji na kai-propelled raka'a. Domin cikawa na ta biyayya a gare ka, masoyi masu karatu, za mu ambaci cewa, bisa ga NATO rarrabuwa shi ne ake kira «Farm» M1990. A zanen kaya na soja kayan aiki sun ma'aikata na Ural Machine Ginin Shuka Yu.Tomashov (shugaba zanen) da kuma G.Sergeev (makamai zanen). Ural sana'a gudanar ya halicci wani karaya soja kayan aiki ( "ƙi 316," kamar yadda ya kira ACS ICCA-C) tare da yi fice a wasan halaye da kuma alamar m fama capabilities (ga. Table 1).
Table 1. Performance halaye ICCA C 2S19
Dabara da kuma tech. fasalin | darajar |
Tsawon ciki har da igwa | 11.9 m |
Length (babu gun) | 6,04 m |
Da nisa daga cikin Sau | 3,58 m |
tsawo | 2,99 m |
ma'auni | 2, 8 m |
Ground yarda | 0,44 m |
howitzer harsashi | Howitzer 2A64 (nauyi kayan aiki) ammonium bawo 50 |
Antiaircraft na'ura-NSVT-12.7 "dutse" (300) | Harsashi 300 (5 harsashi qwarai 60) |
Matsakaicin harbi nesa | 25 km |
Mafi qarancin fuska harbi | 6.5 km |
gun rate | 7 - 8 Shots da minti |
tadawa | daga +68 zuwa -4 |
Harufan dako gudu, m / s 828 | 828 m / s |
A taro na dako | 43,6 kg |
Weight Sau | 42 ton |
Masa harsasai | 2.5 m |
Yawan mutane a cikin wani karusa | 5 mutane |
motor Brand | B-84A |
motor ikon | 840 HP |
mai gudun | 60 km / hour |
Running ajiye | 500 km |
Tare da wadannan yi halaye, da Rasha ICCA - kai-propelled howitzer na sabon ƙarni - daidai da wani tasiri wajen magance dabara makaman nukiliya m maƙiyi, ya manyan bindigogi, gashi, dakaru raka'a, kufaifan da sauran aikin injiniya Tsarin, kazalika da sojojin raka'a iko da iska tsaro raka'a. Organizationally, shi ne da aka jera a matsayin wani ɓangare na tanki da dakaru rarrabu, yayin da aikin tare da wani gagarumin dogon zangon daidaito da kuma iyaka.
Design 2S19 MTSTA-C
A auna nasarar soja kayan aiki? Wadanda hits fiye da littattafan - buga gudu, cewa shi ne salla-samar. Production na mu ACS ne daidai da wannan rarrabẽwa. An fara farko a kan "Uraltransmash", to, shi ya nema ƙarin samar iya aiki, wanda ya kai ga yi na mai kwazo shuka a Bashkiria (Sterlitamak).
Mene ne bayãnin hukuncin fasali a cikin wannan nasara rundunar kai-propelled?
Jikinta yayi kama da na biyu-ƙarni tank ta contours "Ural" T-72, da ya fi kowa tushe a cikin dabara m makamai II ƙarni na Rasha sojojin. Duk da haka, kai-propelled makamai ne bisa ga al'ada weaker fiye da farko line na soja kayan aiki - tankuna. ACS mai rufi karfe gashi kama da irin (kwatanta da hada biyu tank littafin).
Howitzer ICCA-C, sabanin da ya fi sulke takwaransa, Aikawa. Duk da haka, daidaita kuma torsion sanduna "sata da shi" a T-80 tanki. 580-millimeter roba-karfe hanya ma "aro" daga shi yake. A cikin hali na ACS saka 840-horsepower engine B-84A, wanda tasowa (ga wannan talakawa!) Gudu daga sama zuwa 60 km / h, aiki da actuator, 8-Agogon watsa da kuma iko mai zaman kanta dakatar da manyan torsion.
Tower kai-propelled
Wannan kashi ne kai-propelled ta da zane da sharudda ne yafi m fiye da tanki. Hakika, wannan shi ne saboda ya zamo kamar da damar da howitzer. Isar da shi a tuna cewa na sama jirgin sama na hasumiyar ne kusan uku-mita tsawo daga ƙasa matakin. Samar da wutar lantarki 4 samar da kai-propelled ajiya baturi ƙarfin lantarki 27 V kowane. A hasumiyar, da rufi sulke Kata zanen gado saka howitzer 2A64, a nan shirya sighting tsarin, atomatik ciyar harsasai, a tacewa, a hade sadarwa tsarin.
Lokacin da engine an akshe babban samar da wutar lantarki a kan-jirgin kayan aiki da damar AP-18D naúrar. Ya zarginta da batura da farawa da engine. A general, kamar yadda za mu iya gani, da hasumiya ICCA 2C19-C ne a wajen rikitarwa fasaha hadaddun makamai kare isasshe Weapon "na biyu line". Its nauyin 13.5 tons.
Igwa ACS. feed bawo
Rifled gun - zamo 152mm howitzer dauke da mu kai-propelled amfani ba kawai ammonium kunshi wani dako 50 da 300 na'ura-gun harsasai, located kai tsaye a kan hasumiya, amma kuma iya harba ta hanyar robotic iri-irin wadata bawo zuwa hawa da ACS, Ina nufin "Daga ƙasa".
Atomatik recharging tsarin rhythmically kai da bawo zuwa gun, duk da karkata kwana na howitzer ganga da digiri na sama line zuwa naúrar kanta loading ICCA. A kai-propelled howitzer sanye take da wani semiautomatic wadata tsarin dvuhkonveyernoy bawo. Kowane na'ura mai aka bauta wa wani raba Loader. Lokacin da harbe-harben "daga ƙasa" ana amfani da ƙarin conveyors, wanda kubutar da hukumar ammonium. Firepower Sau da ta versatility a wani fama halin da ake ciki da aka fi mayar da m da wadannan bawo amfani (Dubi. Table 2).
Table 2. dako ga harsasai MTS-C
Mark dako | harsashi irin | da harbe-harben da kewayon |
3OF45 | high-m | 24,7 km |
3VOF72 |
high-m | 28,9 km |
ARS 3OF61 | aiki - mai amsawa | 28,9 km |
3VOF73 | high-m | 28,9 km |
3VOF58 | high-m | 28,9 km |
3NS3O | saitin p / l tsangwama | 22,3 km |
3VDTS8 | shigarwa dymozavesy | 22,3 km |
3OF39 | lazernoupravlyaemy "Krasnopol" | 25 km |
shiriya howitzers
A tasiri na sojan igwa da aka kaddara ta amfani da takamaiman gani da tafiyarwa shiriya. Muna duba yiwuwar kai-propelled howitzer yana amfani da biyu gani: da juyawa panoramic 1P22 (ƙãra 3.7 sau) da kuma tsayayyen kai tsaye wuta 1P23 (ya karu da 5.5 sau). A siffa daga cikin panoramic gani ne mafi hadaddun tsarin (tare da yin amfani da kimiyyan gani da hasken wuta da kuma derotation gyroscope), da kuma yiwuwar ta juyawa ta 360 0, wanda shi ne wani muhimmin requisite na zamani tankuna da kai-propelled.
Shiriya tafiyarwa musamman ergonomic ga sojan igwa, wanda yake da muhimmanci a lokacin da wani fama halin da ake ciki. Musamman m ne cewa a tsaye drive ne ko da yaushe ta atomatik ya samun aikin yi. ZABI saukaka ne ta atomatik mayar bayan kowane harbi tadawa.
Saboda haka, karusa iko na'urar da aka gyara domin kwance actuators don tsara a layi da gani da saiti batu. Wannan shi ne ma'anar aikin sojan igwa 2S19 ICCA-C. Photo, ta hanyar, shi ya nuna, a gaskiya, tunaninsa kusan tsattsãgẽwa daga wurin a kan knobs, levers, da dai sauransu Yana da gaske taimaka wa tasiri na yaki.
Machine-gun kuma anti-aircraft gun
Ba kawai howitzer m fama damar makamai. A kan hasumiya shi kuma sanye take da mugun sarrafawa antiaircraft na'ura gun Dutsen "dutse" NSVT-12,7mm da ciwon m kudi na 700 zuwa 800 akai-akai da minti da kuma mai kyau sighting kewayon 2.0 km. Na'ura gun ne a kan kwamandan na cupola, kuma yana da nuna kusassari daga -3 0 zuwa 70 0. Yana yadda ya kamata counteracts da jirage masu saukar ungulu da kuma low-tashi da jirgin sama, haske sulke hari ta hanyar gani-ROM 5 ko 7-ROM. Saboda haka, manyan bindigogi ICCA-C da aka kare daga wani mamaki kai hari a kan "na biyu layi", inda aka located. Idan sakamakon irin wannan hari zai iya incapacitated babban mota, da ACS saboda "fallback" - gas injin turbin BP - 18D aiki tare da hanya 8 hours ƙaura a wurin natsuwa, Maɗina da matukan jirgin, ya dace don gyara.
Sauran kayan aiki Sau
Kowane bugu da žari shigar kai-propelled manyan bindigogi tsarin ya da ma'ana sa da makoma. Alal misali, a kan-jirgin wuta yãƙi kayan aiki ya zama m na atomatik bayarwa tracking m zazzabi. A dace matakin na wuta kariya shigarwa na samar da 3ETS11-2 da ya tabbatar da uku sau da kawar da ACS wuta.
Ganin bayani dalla-dalla na soja da kayan aiki, wato gaban hayaki bayan da Shots ga ma'aikatan jirgin, akwai yiwuwar wani hadarin carbon monoxide guba. Ya kamata kuma yi bayanin kula daga cikin zama dole kadaici da matukan jirgin a fuskar wani yiwu amfani da makaman nukiliya. Don kawar da wadannan kasada, ICCA ACS-C sanye take da wani tacewa tsarin ya kunshi raka'a biyu, kowanne daga abin da yake wadãtacce.
Bugu da kari, ya bayyana sarai cewa sadarwar na ƙungiya a kan aiwatar da yãƙi aikin kamata faru a lokacin da harbi. Saboda haka, ba tare da ciki sadarwa, samar da audibility kuma, daidai da, kwamandan da daidaituwa mataki, sojan igwa, caji, da dai sauransu na farko audibility ko da ba zai yiwu ba. Wannan ba ware daga wayar teleho na cikin gida tsarin to waje amo ko tanki. ICCA-C sanye take da wani jirgin wayar tashar 1V116 samar ciki tattaunawar da aka tsara don mutane bakwai. Kamar yadda ka gani, da yiwuwar ciki sadarwa, ban da biyar cikakken lokaci mambobi ana baiwa da biyu mafi dan lokaci zama tare da ma'aikatan jirgin mutane.
Control da daidaituwa da sauran hulda tare da sarrafa kayan aiki da kuma raka'a bayar da jirgin rediyo R-173, aiki a cikin UHF iyaka da kuma samar da wani barga bond a radius na 20 km.
gyare-gyare Sau
Model ICCA-C ya tabbatar da wani makami ne mai iko wuta danniya da makiya a lokacin yaki a Chechnya. Gwaji a wani fama halin da ake ciki spurred zanen kaya zuwa kara kyautata na soja da kayan aiki.
A shekara kafin CDB "Titan" kyautata howitzer (ya zamo kamar 152 mm NATO supplemented vskim). Amma babban bidi'a shi ne cewa ma'aikatan shuka sanye take da kai-propelled m wuta kula da tsarin. New fasaha ya kai matakin na ƙarni 4+.
Rasha kai-propelled manyan bindigogi tsiwirwirinsu ingantattun fama halaye. Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na MSA ne aiki ya rika tabbatar da dorewar, watau tabbatar da adana daga cikin sighting line howitzers for daban-daban ƙungiyoyi, nuna a cikin bambancin kuzarin kawo cikas tuki da ACS dandali.
Microcomputer amfani da bayanai da kuma fasaha wajen musamman masu auna sigina, ta atomatik aikin ganewa, ganewa, manufa tracking, da shirye zuwa wuta da bindigogi a kanta.
A watan Agusta na shekarar 2012, bayan na zamani, nasarar shige factory gwaje-gwaje, da kuma kusan nan da nan bayan da "barikadi" fara taro samar na ACS 2A64M sabunta. Yana ƙwarai ƙãra Rasha manyan bindigogi makamai Sau da aka fundamentally inganta. By karshen shekarar 2012, wannan dabara ya riga ya shiga sabis.
A halin yanzu, kai-propelled howitzer na wani sabon ƙarni na ICCA CM wakilta da wadannan gyare-gyare:
- ACS 2S19M - "titanovskaya ci gaba" (aka bayyana a sama).
- ACS 2S19M1 - shiriya tsarin "Success-C", da Gwargwadon da na sarari samoorientirovaniem ACS, dijital aiki na manufa bayani, ingantattun kai-shirya tsarin da aka kora daga wata gaba daya unprepared matsayi. saboda gagarumin ci gaba na ingancin da konewa lokaci na aikace-aikace na ƙwarai rage fama binciken Sau a harbe-harben line, wannan ya ba da fiye da isasshen lokaci ga wannan dabara bayan harbe-harben da aka cikakken nan da nan aikata protivoognevoy rawar daji, da ciyar da dauki na makiya;
- ACS 2S19M1-155 sanya ta NATO matsayin, sanye take da wani 155 mm gun, saba da NATO vskim harsasai, wannan canji da aka samar don fitarwa, shi ne m saboda ƙananan kudin fiye da irin wannan NATO (kasa da $ 3 da miliyan ..) Kuma atomatik ciyar harsasai. samar fiye da dari prototypes harbe-harben sun nuna high dace na ACS, ta zama sha'awar da sojoji na Argentina, India, Chile.
ƙarshe
Idan akai la'akari da ci gaba da kai-propelled Sau 2S19M, za mu iya gama a m canji a dabara na yaƙi. The gaggawa na farkon don saya m wuta kula da tsarin. Zahiri yãƙi fara aiki da kai. Gun Dutsen da wuta kula da tsarin zama makami na nan gaba. Ya fara yi kama da wata dama kinovoyny. Jirgin kwamfuta atomatik kula da tsarin yana da ikon nan take tantance inda abokan gaba da harbe-harben da maki, kuma ba zuwa ga sighting na'urar bayanai zama dole ga danniya na wuta. sojan igwa haka fara kama da dispatching aikinsu PC mai amfani zaune a baya da duba.
Characteristically, da tsari da aka inganta a cikin shugabanci na soja mamayar na sarrafa kansa tsarin da mutum factor.
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