Nikolskoye hurumi na Alexander Nevsky Lavra a St. Petersburg: kaburbura na celebrities

A cikin banki na Neva River, a cikin ƙasa na Alexander Nevsky sufi, shi ne daya daga cikin mafi ban sha'awa makabartun a St. Petersburg, da ake kira Nikolsky. Kafa kusan karni daya da rabi daga baya fiye da sufi da kanta, shi ne inextricably nasaba da ta tarihi da aka kewaye da yawa Legends hada a cikin m da, da waɗannan da har yanzu sabo a cikin memory na mu Sahaban.

Albarka ta tabbata Prince - ya zama majiɓinci na gari

A 1710, a tsawo na yaki tare da Swedes, Sarki Bitrus I, so tada morale na sojojin, ya umurce su da su sa sufi girmama na St. Alexander Nevsky, ya karya su 470 da suka wuce. Don wannan karshen, shi da kansa ya zaɓi abin da shafin inda, bisa ga rinjaya a cikin wadanda shekaru kuskure ra'ayi, wani tarihi yaƙi.

Kamar wancan ne aka kafa shahara Alexander Nevsky Lavra a St. Petersburg, shi ne a waɗannan shekaru, babban birnin kasar Rasha, Empire. Its yi dade kusan duk XVIII karni, kuma kawai a tsakiyar 1790, a karshen ayyukan da suka shafi gina babban gine-gine cibiyar - Triniti Mai Tsarki Cathedral, Laura dauki wani karshe look. Sunansa, kamar yadda ake so da kafa St. Petersburg - Tsar Bitrus I, shi ne a girmama na almara lashe Swedes, wanda ya zama majiɓinci, saint na birnin, wanda sauran kaya da aka canjawa wuri zuwa da shi daga Vladimir a 1724.

A farko hurumi na sabon sufi

Fiye da karni biyu, a birnin a kan Neva River ta kasance babban birnin na Rasha Empire, kuma shi ne ba abin mamaki ba cewa shi ne ya laurels mallakar zuwa ga mafi girman matsayi a tsakanin sauran gidãjen inganta abadin-girma jihar. A lokacin trohvekovoy tarihi laurels a kan iyakarta da aka kafa da dama makabartun cewa sanya up sanannen Rasha necropolis. A farko daga cikin wadannan da aka Lazarevskoye.

Binne a kan shi ta fara samar da tun 1713, watau jim kadan bayan kafuwar sabuwar laurels. Wannan necropolis, located a kan ƙasa na Rasha ta most sufi, a matsayi fiye da al'ada makabartun. Isar da shi a ambaci cewa, a binne a kan shi bukata mai sarauta izni.

Fiye da karni daga baya, a 1823, da yankin sufi da aka kafa ba suke dashi Tikhvin hurumi a kan site wanda daga baya ya haifar necropolis na Artists. Cikin da karkararta tun daga sauran birane makabartun aka mayar da su cikin jana'izar shahararren Figures na Rasha art.

Samar da Nikolskoye hurumi

Kuma a karshe, na uku lokacin da aka tushe na Nikolskoye hurumi na da Alexander Nevsky sufi, ya bude a 1863 a gefen gabas na Triniti Mai Tsarki Cathedral, me ya sa ya samu sunan farko Zasobornogo. Nikolsky kamar yadda ya zama sananne ne kawai tun 1871, lokacin da aka gina shi da kuma tsarkake located kusa da bã shi da sunan St. Nicholas Church.

An sani cewa tun kafin kafuwar sabuwar makabarta ana shirya karya a sararin shakatawa, ta hanyar abin da zai sa hanyar zuwa babban ƙofar sufi. Amma daga baya gine-ginen da tsare-tsaren canza. Bisa ga kiyaye wannan rana da records, na farko binne nan da aka za'ayi a watan Mayu 1863. An sani, da kuma sunan wanda ya ga farko tafi zuwa ƙasar da sabon hurumi. Da shi shi ne ministan harkokin cikin gidan da mijinta ya mutu Laura Sergeya Afanasevicha Timofeeva - Barbara Nikitichna.

Rigor da reasonableness na da hurumi shirin

Alexander Nevsky Lavra a St. Petersburg tun da kafuwar aka dogara ne a kan tsananin kafa shirin, ci gaba da more shahara m Domenico Trezzini. Yana dogara ne a kan tsaurara geometrical constructions. Sun kasance cikin halayyar alama da kuma sabon hurumi. Babban ƙofar an haɗa zuwa ga tafarki babban tini Nicholas Church, kuma ya karbi sunan St. Nicholas. Shi ne da tsakiyar tsaye axis. A garesu na shi sun layi daya waƙoƙi, mikewa zuwa yamma. Su, bi da bi, kẽta ta lungun, zai kai ga kudancin necropolis.

Kuma tunani shi ne wurin da wani tsari na wucin gadi kandami. A gabas na bude ne sosai na wasan kwaikwayo view na coci da gine-gine na Alexander Nevsky Lavra. Tsaye a bakin, ba za ka iya lokaci guda ji dadin Triniti Cathedral da Church of Gaske Shelar da Fedorov.

Hurumi ga Elite

Tun daga farko, wannan hurumi ya fi tsada da kuma babbar binne wuri a St. Petersburg. Haka kuma, shi yana kunshe ne a cikin abar hanya, tunatarwata ya views, a maimakon haka, wani wurin shakatawa fiye da wani wuri na har abada sauran. Shiru da kuma picturesque kandami kawai gaba da wannan kama. Irin wannan matsayi na su ya kasance har sai da Oktoba juyin juya halin.

Nikolskoye hurumi na Alexander Nevsky sufi, wanda samar da binne mafi yawa arziki mutane, a ƙarshen XIX karni aka yi wa ado da yawa sosai m chapels kuma crypts. Su ayyukan izini mafi kyau artists na lokaci kamar I. Schroeder, R. Bach, I. Podozorov da sauransu. Mafi yawa daga cikin gine-gine gina a cikin halayyar da zamanin Old Rasha style.

Luxury da sophistication kaburbura

Wani halayyar bambanci Nikolsky hurumi ko da yaushe kasance wani yawa na sculptures, kari ko canza wani gravestones. Hankalin maziyarta na da hurumi ma kokari ne jawo hankalin tombstones, sanya a cikin Art Nouveau style. Su alama ne gama, sanya yin amfani da mosaic, majolica da tukwane.

A fiye da rabin karni kafin Oktoba juyin juya hali, inda mutane da yawa da suka shahara da aka binne shi: sanannen aviators LM Matsievich da SI Utochkin, mawaki kuma shugaba Rubinshteyn Anton Grigorevich, wallafa A. S. Suvorin da SN Shebinsky kazalika da yawa wasu.

A Allaha wuri na limaman Kirista

Tun farkon kasancewar Nikolskoye hurumi a yankin ƙasarta da aka kasaftawa musamman yankin domin jana'izar sufaye sufi da kuma babban jami'in limaman na St. Petersburg. Ya samu sunan Bratsk, kuma daga cikin manyan jiki da aka raba hanya, da ake kira Tsari irin na danniya.

Wannan shafin an kiyaye su a cikin Soviet lokaci, kuma a shekarar 1979 shi da aka binne ta Lardi Nikodim (Rotov). Saboda da shahararsa daga cikin limaman Kirista da kuma Laity wanda ya kasance da aminci ga Church a wuya shekaru na maguzawan tsananta, ya binne ba Yunƙurin zuwa saman da wata halitta a cikin wadannan shekaru, da dawo da aiwatar da hurumi, shi ne a musamman talakawa yanayin.

Tsari rashin gida da barayi

Nikolskoye hurumi na Alexander Nevsky sufi, duk da cewa shi ne wani ɓangare na sufi na necropolis, yana da wani gidan kayan gargajiya-ajiye matsayi. Da zuwan Soviet ikon ya aka akai-akai faruwa a rufe, da kuma dalilin da aka ba kawai cewa sabon Masters na duniya ba gani a shi da wani akida ko tarihi darajar.

Nan da nan bayan da juyin juya halin, lokacin da kasar ta rincabewa The laifi halin da ake ciki, hurumi jawo hankalin wasu 'yan fashi, karya da kuma karya bude kaburbura makabarta a search na dukiya mai daraja. A general, da karkararta zama mafaka ga rashin gida da kuma runaway laifi, wanda hukunci a tsakãninsu a cikin kaburbura da kuma tayar da hankalin wucewa. Domin ko ta yaya sanya abubuwa a cikin tsari, an yanke shawarar duk burials, wakiltar wasu sha'awa koma zuwa wasu wurare, da kuma gudanar da harkokin da crypts, wanda ya juya a cikin wani kogo na barayi, halaka.

Reburial da searchlights twenties

The cikakken sama shawarar da aka ba a aiwatar, da kuma Nikolskoye hurumi (St. Petersburg) ya ci gaba da zama, amma a cikin necropolis na Artists har yanzu koma ragowar yawa shahararren Figures na Rasha al'adu. Wadannan mutane ne waɗanda sunayensu suke kunshe a duk tarihin mu. Daga gare su, wani fitaccen mawaki Rubinstein Anton Grigorievich, artist Kustodiev, sanannen actress na farkon XX karni Vera Fodorovna Komissarzhevskaya kuma da dama wasu artists.

A twenties birnin hukuma zo da aikin na halittar farko crematorium a cikin hurumi a Rasha. Don aiwatar da shi zai mayalwaci maida rufaffiyar da lokaci St. Nicholas Church. A farko-gwajen da aka ko da za'ayi, amma sun kasance m ba tare da ta dace kayan aiki, da kuma wannan ra'ayin da aka yi sa'a watsi da su. Crematorium a Birnin Leningrad, ya gina kawai a shekarar 1973, kuma a wannan batun, a cikin 1980, a St. Nicholas hurumi gina wani columbarium.

A heroes of sabon labarai

Daga cikin waɗanda suka tarar a can karshe kyaun wurin ƙailũla a cikin post-kwaminisanci lokaci, akwai mutanen da suka sama na kunshe a cikin tarihin na St. Petersburg. Da farko, wannan shi ne karon farko da magajin garin Anatoly Sobchak. A matsayin digiri na biyu na Leningrad State University, Anatoliy Aleksandrovich tun 1973 tsunduma a koyarwa, ya kare a shekarar 1982 doctoral dissertation, kuma ya kasance wani farfesa a daya daga ta da ikon tunani. Tun da farkon nineties, Anatoly Sobchak ne rayayye da hannu a cikin rayuwar siyasa na birnin, da kuma, zumunta da membobinsu a cikin jam'iyyar kwaminis mukamansu, zama daya daga cikin shugabannin perestroika motsi.

Bugu da kari wa a St. Nicholas hurumi binne da kuma jihar Duma mataimakin Starovoytova Galina Vasilevna, da yawa an yi cin nasara da sakamakon da totalitarian gwamnatin Syria da kuma wanda aka kashe a hannun kisan gillar a watan Nuwamba 1998. A kabari ta iya ko da yaushe ganin sabo ne furanni a kawo ta Petersburgers wanda tuna da godiya ta ƙungiyoyin feat. Akwai kuma an binne shahararren coci shugaban, Lardi na St. Petersburg ta kuma Ladoga John (Snychov), wanda ya sallama wa Ubangijin a 1995 da kuma barin wani memory kamar yadda daya daga cikin aiki mahalarta a kan aiwatar da Tarurrukan na addini sani na Russia.

Hurumi a kõfatansu a kan duwatsu da nineties

New impetus zuwa cin gaban Nikolskoye hurumi na Alexander Nevsky Lavra samu a cikin nineties. Shi ne, kamar yadda a shekarun baya, ya zama da Allaha wuri da waɗanda zumunta iya biya da kyau. Da yawa "sabon Rasha" hukumomi da kuma Inuwa kasuwanci juya ta zama madawwamiyar lodgers bayan gargajiya a wadannan shekaru na jini "showdown." Abin mamaki shi aka sa'annan ya rayad da aka kowa a gaban yawa Legends game da mugayen ruhohi, wai sanya Nikolskoye hurumi na makomarsa.

Jita-jita, da kuma maganar banza baza ta wani hurumi

A ake kira rawaya latsa ne yadu karin gishiri a cikin wadanda shekaru, jita-jita game da gano a da karkararta, da ƙarƙashin ƙasa catacombs, shirya a zamanin d Vikings, da kuma cika ba kawai tsohon makamai, amma kuma abin sihiri na ibada, bai rasa ta da karfi ko a yau ma. Mafi yawan da aka magana game da Satanists suka aikata sabo, da kuma miyagu bikin a kan sabo kaburbura.

Ko tafi ya zuwa yanzu kamar yadda ya ce, idan karkashin babban bagaden Lavra coci - Triniti Mai Tsarki Cathedral - shi ne wani bagade don yin wani baki taro. Gaba ɗaya, da ɗan adam tunanin san babu haddi, juya cikin mafi lurid launuka Nikolskoye hurumi na Alexander Nevsky Lavra. Celebrity kaburbura a sakamakon sa a kan backburner, da kuma da yawa janyo hankalin wadannan satanic labaru.

Yawon shakatawa manufa a high bukatar

Yau, za mu iya gaskiya ce cewa, a tsakanin sauran makabartun na St. Petersburg musamman sha'awa tsakanin yawon bude ido da kuma mazauna ji dadin Nikolskoye hurumi na Alexander Nevsky Lavra. Hours: 9: 00-17: 00 (Oktoba zuwa Afrilu) da kuma 9: 00-19: 00 (daga Mayu zuwa Satumba). Wannan ba ko da yaushe ya isa ya ba da damar da shi, don su bincika duk comers, wanda shi ne ba abin mamaki ba, ba da amfani taso ta 'yan kasa, ba kawai ta tarihi, amma kuma da mutum binne a kan shi.

Don mafi alhẽri sadu da bukatar tirelessly tare da yawon shakatawa da kuma gudanar da kungiyoyin management Nikolsky hurumi na Alexander Nevsky Lavra. A sabis miƙa ta su (kamar bayanai da kuma ilimi da kuma zalla m, misali, samar da Monuments), suna sosai bambancin.

zunubi Procopius

Kuma a karshe, za ka iya tuna daya daga cikin wadanda labaru, wanda aka riga aka ambata a sama. Musamman rare wanzu a waɗannan shekaru wani labari game da wani m da sunan Laura Procopius. Yana da aka ce cewa, fitowarsu daga bangaskiya ta gaske, ya zama mai sihiri ya kuma yi magana da mugayen ruhohi. Da zarar Shai an da kansa ya miƙa shi a yarjejeniyar. Procopius aka zamar masa dole ya kashe daya daga cikin kaburburan zunubi a ranar Kirsimeti dare, sa'an nan kuma kafin alfijir 666 sau zuwa zagi Allah. Domin wannan ya aka yi wa'adi da rai madawwami.

Domin zunubi ba tashi, amfanin yawan hotel "Moscow", da kuma da dare akwai isasshen. Amma a lokacin da, inda suka kashe ta a cikin hurumi, da m kokarin furta amince da yawan la'ana, ba zan iya saduwa a gabãnin fitõwar rãnã. A safiyar farko baƙi gano jera bazu jiki na wani m, daya daga wanda ƙafafunsa juya a cikin wani cat ta dungu. Yana da matukar yiwu cewa duk wannan almarar ba, amma kawai tun da hurumi akwai wata babbar feisty cat, ulu wanda garibi kama game ridda Procopius. Wanda bai yi imani zai iya tafi da gani.