Numfashi - wannan shi ne aiwatar da rai

Numfashi - shi ne wani hadadden multistage physiological tsari da gaske kunshi a sha na oxygen daga yanayi domin ta m hallara a redox halayen.

Duk da haka, shi ne muhimmi ba kawai a cikin mafi girma da dabbobi, amma ga dukkan aerobic kwayoyin, ciki har da unicellular sabili da haka zamu iya cewa wannan shi ne babban hanya domin samar da high-makamashi mahadi. Kafa a cikin numfashi aiwatar makamashi ne cinye mafi yawa bukatun da kwayoyin. Game da 20% na oxygen cinye kwakwalwa, saboda don gudanar da wani high-gudun hatsaisai ciyar da yawa substrates. A mutum numfashi ya auku a biyu manyan bulan: waje numfashi (wannan tsari na gas musayar tsakanin ganuwar da Alveoli da na huhu capillaries) da kuma ciki - m kai na oxygen zuwa duk Kwayoyin da kyallen takarda.

Karsh a salon salula matakin

Duk da haka, na farko shi ne sakamakon gabobin da kyallen takarda, amma salon salula numfasawa - wannan tsari a cikin kwayoyin da atomic matakan da oxygen ake bukata domin electron kai sarkar da kawar da mummunan lura O2 da ruwa da kuma samar da wata high-makamashi mahadi. Har ila yau, domin ci gaba da kwarara daga wadannan halayen bukatar musamman da sunadarai da proton bayarwa. Karsh mafi girma kwayoyin da kuma numfasawa matakai na jiki, auna da wani micrometer, ne muhimmanci daban-daban. Saboda haka, kwayoyin bambanta a cikin 3-daban na dangantaka da oxygen. M aerobes kwayoyin sunadarin oxygen da aka samu kai tsaye: a shafi yin amfani da oxygen (carbon dioxide, sulfur oxide da al.), Kwayoyin guda domin su m. Mixed irin numfashi a facultative kwayoyin shafi yin amfani da duka biyu mamaye da kwayoyin oxygen dangane da yanayi.

Sassan mutum numfasawa

Saboda haka, external numfasawa - wani tsari da aka aiwatar da tsarin da Airways da kuma tsokoki na thorax kuma diaphragm, bayan da ta matsa lamba a cikin huhu saukad, da gas motsa baxini. Exhalation - baya tsari a cikin abin da iska (yafi carbon dioxide) kara zahiri. Kullum da airway gas kwarara ne laminar, Ina nufin a layi daya to ganuwar da bronchi da kuma a cikin taron na cikas (obturation waje abu, jari na gamsai) sa m eddies. Jini oxygen jikewa auku a cikin huhu, sa'ilin da shi oxygenated canjawa wuri ta hanyar capillaries faruwa a cikin ya fi girma tasoshin da kuma kyakkyawan shiga cikin zuciya. Daga can ta ke a lakã da kuma shiga cikin tsari dabam dabam.

Pathology

Wajibi ne a rarrabe tsakanin numfashi da kuma iska. Na biyu - wannan shi ne aiwatar da rage intercostal tsokoki da kuma zurfin kirji ya canza ta size, iska ya kwarara da trachea da bronchi da Alveoli. Bi da bi, da numfashin - wannan tsari ba kasa aiki, amma shi ne gas musayar a cikin alveolar-capillary matakin. Sa matalauta samun iska iya zama cututtuka da na numfashi fili raunuka, kirji nakasawa, toshewa ko ƙuntatawa (emphysema, asma, mashako), na tsari scleroderma. M huhu iska iya zama saboda pathological yanayi: kamuwa da cuta, da pharmacological mataki na kwayoyi, overexcitation yanayin, high jiki exertion.