Ciki da kuma na waje numfashin bayanin sigogi da ayyuka

An adult sa kowane lokaci daga goma sha huɗu ga ashirin breaths, da yara, dangane da shekaru, iya sa har zuwa sittin da breaths ga wannan tsawon lokaci. Wannan unconditioned reflex, wanda taimaka jiki zuwa tsira. Its aiwatar ke bayan iyãkõkin mu kula da kuma fahimtar. External da ciki numfashi tare da wani da ake kira sako. Yana aiki a kan manufa da feedback. Idan Kwayoyin ba da isasshen oxygen, da jiki qara kudi na numfashi, da kuma mataimakin versa.

definition

Numfashi - wannan slozhnoreflektorny m yi. Ya samar da wani m jini gas. Ya kunshi uku matakai ko links: waje numfashi gas sufuri da kuma nama jikewa. Rashin iya faruwa a kowane mataki. Shi ne iya kai wa ga hypoxia har ma da mutuwa. An waje numfashin - shi ne mataki na farko a cikin abin da gas musayar faruwa tsakanin mutum da yanayi. Na farko, da iska ta shiga Alveoli. Kuma a mataki na gaba diffuses cikin jini domin kai wa kyallen takarda.

Ginshikai na oxygen shigar da jini bisa ga bambanci a cikin m matsa lamba na gas. Exchange ya auku tare da maida hankali dan tudu. Wannan shi ne jini da wani babban abun ciki na carbon dioxide readily yarda da wani isasshen adadin oxygen, da kuma mataimakin versa. Lokaci guda nama numfasawa ne da wadannan: oxygen daga jini samun shiga cikin cytoplasm na cell, sa'an nan ya wuce ta hanyar jerin sunadarai halayen, da ake kira da numfashi sarkar. Daga qarshe, a gefe tashar ake kawota carbon dioxide da sauran rayuwa kayayyakin.

Abun da ke ciki iska

External numfasawa yana da karfi da dogara a kan abun da ke ciki na yanayi. A kasan oxygen kunshe ne a cikin shi, da m iya zama breaths. Yadda aka saba, kamar abun da ke ciki na iska:

• nitrogen - 79,03%.
• oxygen - 20%.
• carbon dioxide - 0.03%.
• duk sauran gas - 0,04%.

A cikin exhale, da rabo daga sassa da dama canje-canje. Carbon dioxide da aka karu zuwa 4%, da kuma oxygen an rage matsayin mai yawa.

A tsarin da numfashi tsarin

external tsarin numfashi ne jerin shambura juna. Kafin samun cikin Alveoli, da iska ke dogon hanyar ci gaba da dumi da kuma bayyana a fili. Yana duk farawa da hanci Tsarki. Su ne na farko shãmaki turɓãya da datti. Gashin ayi a kan hanci mucosa, riƙe manyan gaɓũɓuwa, kuma a hankali spaced receptacles dumi iska.

Sa'an nan ya zo da nasopharynx da oropharynx, bayan su - da maƙogwaro, trachea, babban bronchi. A karshen kasu kashi dama da hagu lobes. Su reshe fita, forming da Bronchial itace. The karami bronchioles a karshen da wani na roba jakar - Alveoli. Duk da cewa da mucous rufi da Airways duk, gas musayar faruwa ne kawai a karshen su. A sauran sarari ake kira matattu. Yadda aka saba, ta size kai har zuwa ɗari da hamsin milliliters.

numfashi sake zagayowar

A lafiya mutum ke numfashin da aka gudanar a matakai uku: inhalation, exhalation da hani. By lokacin dukan tsari game da daukan biyu da rabi zuwa goma seconds ko fiye. Wannan ne mai matukar mutum sigogi. An waje numfashin dogara sun fi mayar a kan yanayin da kwayoyin zaune da kuma daga ta jiha na kiwon lafiya. Alal misali, akwai irin wannan abubuwa a matsayin kudi da kuma na numfashi kudi. Suna ƙaddara da yawan ƙungiyoyi daga cikin kirji a cikin wani lokacin da girma. A zurfin numfasawa za a iya ƙaddara da aunawa da girma na exhaled iska ko girth na kirji a kan inhalation da exhalation. A tsari ne fairly sauki.

Numfashin ya auku a lokacin ƙanƙancewa na diaphragm da kuma intercostal tsokoki. Korau matsa lamba da aka halitta a wannan lokaci, kamar "tsotsa" iska a cikin huhu. A wannan yanayin, da kirji yana faɗaɗa. Exhale ne m sakamako: tsokoki shakata, da Alveoli ganuwar ayan rabu da hyperextension da kuma dawo da asali jihar.

na huhu iska

A binciken na numfashi aiki ya taimaka masana kimiyya fi gane ginshikai na cin gaban wani gagarumin yawan cututtuka. Su ma gano wani raba reshe na magani - pulmonology. Akwai da dama sharudda da wanda na nazarin aikin numfashi tsarin. external numfasawa Manuniya ba m darajar. Su za su iya bambanta dangane da mutum ta tsarin mulki, shekaru da kuma jihar kiwon lafiya:

1. Tidal girma (ML). Wannan adadin iska cewa wani mutum numfasawa a kuma fitar da shi kadai. Na kullum - daga uku da ɗari bakwai da ɗari milliliters.
2. Inspiratory ajiye girma (Dom). Wannan iska, wanda shi ne har yanzu yiwu don ƙara zuwa ga huhu. Alal misali, idan bayan wani m breaths tambayi mutum ya dauki mai zurfi numfashi.
3. Expiratory ajiye girma ( 'yan sanda sashen). Wannan girma na iska cewa ya bar huhu, idan bayan al'ada exhalation yi zurfi. Dukansu Figures ne game da daya da rabi lita.
4. Saura girma. Wannan adadin iska da cewa ya zauna a cikin huhu bayan mai zurfi exhalation. Its size - daga dubu goma sha biyar zuwa da ɗari milliliters.
5. Hudu da suka gabata adadi tare dokoki da muhimmanci huhu iya aiki. A maza, shi ne daidaita biyar lita na mata - uku da rabi.

Na huhu iska shi ne dukan girma na iska cewa ya wuce ta huhu a daya minti daya. A cikin balagaggu lafiya mutum shi kadai, wannan adadi na shawagi a kusa da shida - takwas lita. A binciken na numfashi aiki na bukatar ba kawai mutane da cuta, amma kuma 'yan wasa, kazalika da yara (musamman wanda bai kai jarirai). Sau da yawa irin wannan ilmi ne da ake bukata a cikin m kula, a lokacin da haƙuri da aka canjawa wuri zuwa da ventilator (wucin gadi numfasawa) ko cire daga shi.

Nau'in al'ada numfashi

external numfashi aiki ya dogara da irin tsari. Kazalika da kundin tsarin mulki da kuma jinsi na mutum. Iri biyu za a iya bambanta a kan numfashi kirji fadada Hanyar:

• Nono, a lokacin da mafitar gefuna. Ya mamaye a mata.
• Ciki a lokacin da diaphragm flattens. Wannan irin numfashi ne mafi muhimmi a cikin maza.

Akwai gauraye type, a lokacin da shafe duk tsoka kungiyoyin. Wannan adadi ne na musamman. Yana dogara ba kawai a kan jinsi, amma kuma a kan mutum ta shekaru, kamar yadda da motsi na da kirji a tsawon shekaru rage-rage. Ana rinjayar da shi da kuma sana'a: da wuya da aikin, da mafi prevalent na ciki da irin.

Pathological iri numfashi

Manuniya na waje numfasawa canza cin zarafi a gaban numfashi wuya ciwo. Shi ne ba mai raba rashin lafiya, amma wajen wani sakamako na Pathology na sauran gabobin: zuciya, huhu, adrenal gland, hanta, ko koda. Cider wuce a duka biyu m da kullum form. Bugu da kari, shi ne zuwa kashi iri:

1. Obstructive. Shortness na numfashi bayyana a kan numfashi.
2. Hana irin. Shortness na numfashi ya bayyana a exhale.
3. Gauraye. Shi ne kullum da m mataki da ya hada da na farko da biyu zažužžukan.

Bugu da kari, akwai da dama iri mahaukaci numfasawa, wanda ba su daura wa wani takamaiman cuta:

• Cheyne - dana kunamar rura. An fara daga samanta, numfashi zurfafa da kuma hankali na biyar ko bakwai numfashin kai al'ada dabi'u. Sa'an nan kuma, ya zama wanda bai isa ba, kuma na waje. A ƙarshen ɗan hutu ne dole ba - 'yan seconds ba tare da inhaling. Yana auku a jarirai da kwakwalwa rauni, maye, hydrocephalus.
• Kussmaul numfashi. Wannan shi ne mai zurfi, m numfashi da kuma rare. Yana auku a lokacin hyperventilation, acidosis, m coma.

Pathology waje numfasawa

Take hakkin waje numfasawa na faruwa kamar yadda a cikin al'ada aiki na jiki, da kuma a cikin m yanayi:

1. Tachypnea - a yanayin da numfashi kudi mafi girma daga ashirin sau a minti daya. Wani lokaci duka biyu physiological (bayan da kaya, a wani rashin iska dakin) da kuma pathological (cututtuka na jini, zazzabi, ciwon iska).
2. Bradipnoe - a rare numfashi. Yawa ana hade da neurological cututtuka, ta ƙara intracranial matsa lamba, cerebral edema, coma, buguwa.
3. Apnea - rashi ko lõkacin fatara daga numfashi. Yana iya zama saboda inna na numfashi tsokoki, da guba, shugaban rauni ko cerebral edema. Har ila yau, saki wani alama na barci apneas.
4. Dyspnea - shortness na numfashi (dysrhythmia, mita da kuma zurfin numfashi). Yana faruwa a lokacin da} arfin jiki danniya, Bronchial fuka, na kullum obstructive mashako, hauhawar jini.

Ina zama dole ilmi game da halaye na waje numfashi?

external numfasawa binciken da ya kamata a za'ayi domin bincike dalilai tantance da aikin matsayi na dukan tsarin. Marasa lafiya da suke fada cikin hadarin kungiyar, kamar Club ko cutarwa masana'antu ma'aikata haka bayyana wani hali to sana'a cututtuka. Domin likitoci da kuma anesthesiologists Jihar wannan aiki ne mai muhimmanci a shirya haƙuri ga tiyata. Dynamic nazarin waje numfasawa ne da za'ayi don tabbatar da kima da tawaya, kuma tawaya a general. Har ila yau, a dispensary kallo na marasa lafiya da zuciya ko huhu kullum cututtuka.

-daban na gudanar da bincike

Spirometry - wata hanya zuwa tantance halin da numfashi tsarin cikin sharuddan al'ada da kuma tilasta karewa da kuma exhalation for 1 biyu. Wani lokaci, domin su gudanar da bincike gwajin tare da bronchodilator. Its ainihi ta'allaka ne da cewa haƙuri wuce farko fitina. Sa'an nan shi samun inhaled miyagun ƙwayoyi da cewa dilates da bronchi. Kuma bayan minti 15 sake wuce da binciken. A sakamakon da aka kwatanta. A ƙarshe daga cikin reversibility ko irreversibility na airway cuta.

Jikin plethysmography - yana da za'ayi domin tantance overall iya aiki daga cikin huhu da kuma Airways na da nata irin juriya. Don yin wannan da mãsu haƙuri dole ne sha taba iska. An located in wani shãfe haske jam'iyya. Lokacin da wannan lambar da aka rubuta ba kawai gas, amma kuma da karfi da abin da aka inhaled, da kuma iska kwarara kudi.