Place da shekara na kafuwar Yaroslavl: versions da Legends

Kowane birni na da tarihi, wanda yake cike da abubuwan da suka faru da kuma ban sha'awa facts kamar mutum biography. A zamanin d shiri, da mafi ban sha'awa shi ne, da mafi Legends, tãtsũniyõyin da camfin da na kewaye da waɗannan kwanaki da suke da ba a sani ba zuwa ga zamani mutum. Daya daga cikin mafi tsoho biranen Rasha ne lu'u-lu'u na Golden Zobe - Yaroslavl.

asali bayanai

Modern Yaroslavl - shi ne, a sama da dukan, a cibiyar yawon shakatawa, tsoho Rasha birni, wanda tarihi ne na shekaru dubbai. Ya zuwa yanzu, shekara na kafuwar Yaroslavl ne wani al'amari na muhawara a tsakanin masana tarihi da kuma archaeologists. A tono a kan bankunan na Volga kiyaye kullum, wanda ya ba da sabon bayanai ga tunani. Hukumance, shekarar kafuwar Yaroslavl - 1010. Shi ne a bisa ga wadannan bayanan a cikin 2010, bikin da 1000th ranar tunawa da birnin. A yau shi ne mai babbar kasuwanci da kuma harkokin sufuri cibiya, saboda ta kasa location. A mafi m samar: mai-refining masana'antu, inji aikin injiniya, sinadaran masana'antu.

Gwargwadon matsayi

Place na Yaroslavl - da Volga kogin banki, ko fiye daidai da "kibiya", a bakin teku headland. Kotorosl River kafa fili p. Wex da kuma p. Bakin Volga gudana a cikin Gabas Turai Bayyana, a cikin tsakiyar ɓangare. Volga Yaroslavl yankin arziki a cikin ruwa, 240 kõguna da kananan kõguna ci tare da juna ta samar da wata branched cibiyar sadarwa da ake amfani da su isar da daban-daban na cargoes. Cũtar kogin Kotorosl kuma kasance wani ɓangare na Great Volga Route da kuma masu dangantaka Rostov Lake, Klyazma, Oka da Volga. Wannan ruwa tsarin kira hanya daga "Varangians ga Larabawa", shi ne zai yiwu don kula da cinikayya tare da kasashen Larabawa Gabas, Scandinavia, da Khazars. Mastering, jama'ar na Volga ya taka babban rawa wajen ci gaban dangantakar da kasashe makwabta, saboda data zaton sanya yiwu kuma dole kafuwar birnin Yaroslavl. Wannan shi ne na farko shiri na Slavs a kan Volga. Kotorosl River shi ne kawai waterway haxe yammacin ɓangare na Rasha da Rostov. Tsakanin Yaroslavl da Rostov waterway mutane da yawa ƙarni zuwa Railway yi, shi ne na asali.

Place na Yaroslavl zaba kwatsam: idan ka yi nazarin topography na yankin, za ka iya ganin cewa a mafi m wuri a sama har kufaifan wuya. Shiri tam kulle a kan uku bangarorin da na halitta shinge. Volga Kotorosl dissected da birnin daga babban bangare a fili Bear gully (a baya gudana ta shi da daya daga cikin ducts p. Kotorosl) ya m don kai farmaki da wani ɓangare na uku. The kare sansanin soja yana da kyau don ƙarfafa kawai araha hanyar garin. A gaskiya "kibiya" shi ne wani tsibirin tsakanin ruwa-ruwa sarari.

Fage na

Shekara na kafuwar Yaroslavl ne har yanzu a batu na shawara. Shiri a wannan wuri wanzu kafin. Amma shi ne kafin ga zargin wani garu batu ne da taba-fadada cinikayya a tsakaninsu. Amfani da Volga matsayin babban ruwa jijiya na yankin ya kai ga cewa babban yawan m jiragen ruwa Fitted fitar da su m samfurin da kuma bari da kogin. A mafi m wurare kogin bankuna sun kasance kananan matsugunai na 'yan fashi suka washe m jiragen ruwa. A kibiya, da kuma kamanta tsakanin Volga Kotorosli, shi ne wata tudun ƙasa. A cikin sharuddan soja dabarun, shi ne mai cikakken wuri ga 'yan fashi da masu gadi tsaron kan iyaka na sarauta. Lokacin da ka duba da kuma karfafa da ƙasa na yarjejeniya da aka bai wa sunan Yaroslavl. A tarihin tsohon birnin ta tushe ne alaka da Kiev prince Yaroslav. A farkon ƙarni na ta ci gaba, birnin da aka asali mai garu yankin, wanda ya yi hadari hanya zuwa Rostov. Saboda haka, shekara da kafuwar Yaroslavl a matsayin "mazauna" shi ne har yanzu asiri.

prehistory

A kan tushen da archaeological tono za a iya bayar da hujjar cewa, a halin yanzu-rana Yaroslavl akwai wani tsoho shiri dating baya zuwa na Millennium BC - zamanin farkon Iron Age. Amma a wannan wuri wanzu a baya ƙauyuka, wanda nasa ne da III-V ƙarni. Foundation na birnin Yaroslavl - X-XI karni, har zuwa wannan lokaci da Volga yankin da aka sanaki Finno-Ugric al'ummai. Sauka a hankali hijirarsa na Slavs a cikin wannan yanki ta fara da Sabunta-IX ƙarni. Duk da haka, da yawa archaeologists jaddada cewa, mulkin mallaka ya faru ba tare da tashin hankali ba. Slavs zauna lafiya tare da mutane na Meria, da kuma don wani lokaci kusan united kabilu. A cikin shekara na kafuwar Yaroslavl da Volga River aka quite densely lugar, akwai rahotanni da dama da kauyuka wanda mazauna aka tsunduma a kama kifi da kuma sana'o'i.

A tarihin abin da ya faru

Around kowane daga cikin tsoho shiri akwai labaru da dama. Wannan shi ne saboda da rashin takamaiman bayanai wajibi ne don jawo hankalin da Legends da tarihin, wanda sun fi kamar hikaya da kuma dauke da wani yawa na almarar. Yaroslavl a cikin wannan ma'ana ne ba togiya, da tsohon tarihin ta asalin bar babba dakin kwatanci. Tare da amincewa, da yawa archaeologists da kuma masana tarihi za su iya kawai magana game da abin da ya faru da kafuwar Yaroslavl Yaroslav Mai hikima. Wannan ne kaikaice tabbatar da birni sunan. Mutane da yawa archaeological Finds game da lokacin da ba su yi musu wannan version, amma babban tushen da wannan sanarwa ne sufi archives. Kwanan wata na kafuwar Yaroslavl, da wuri da kuma ta kafa da aka bayyana a cikin rubuce-rubucen suke dashi na Archbishop Samuila Mislavskogo Yaroslavl. Rubutun aka buga firist Lebedev a 1877 da kuma akai-akai bincikar da masana tarihi. Ta ci gaba da sunan "Legend of gina birnin Yaroslavl '. The rubutu bai dauke da tsoho hadisin da aka rubuta a cikin XII-XI ƙarni. Kamar yadda mai bincike ya Voronina N. N. content "Tatsũniyõyi" sau da dama Sabonta, amma facts sun zo wa Sahaban a wani undistorted form. Akwai kuma yawan sauran takardun, da binciken na wanda ya ci gaba da wannan rana, domin yau masana kimiyya ne mai matukar ban sha'awa tambaya - kafuwar Yaroslavl. Versions da Legends ba mai girma iri-iri, sun kasance duk kai tsaye ko a kaikaice nuna Yaroslava Mudrogo a matsayin wanda ya kafa birnin. Saboda haka, ya kamata ka yi nazarin ya tarihi image a more daki-daki.

Yaroslav Mudry

Grand Prince of Kiev da aka haife shi a shekara 978. Uba nan da nan bayan haihuwar Jaroslav ya ba shi a ƙasar Rostov sarauta. Kwanan wata na tushe na birnin Yaroslavl - 1010, a lokacin da wannan lokaci sarkin mallakar Rostov ƙasar. Game da wannan lokaci da ransa yake da wuya a ce wani abu tabbataccen: babu data da aka adana. Muhimmanci da aka ambata a cikin tarihin Prince Yaroslav fara da 1010, da kuma shi ake dangantawa da halittar birni-sansanin soja a kan bankunan na Volga. A kara rabo na yarima ake dangantawa da Novgorod, inda ya zauna daga 1011. Bayan da mutuwar ɗan'uwansa Vysheslava Vladimir ( 'yan'uwa, uba), bypassing da babban dan yana sanya Jaropolk a Novgorod, wanda a wancan lokacin ya kasance wata babbar soja da cinikayya cibiyar. Novgorod na baya tawagar lambar kawai Kiev, Novgorod da kuma matsayi a matsayin birni, ya muhimmanci mafi girma a Rostov. Jaroslav wuce da wuya hanya zuwa title of Grand Duke na Kiev, wanda zai gama da Rasha da ƙasashe lashe fitarwa daga mutãnensa hikima da kuma haskaka mulki. Lakabi da "hikima" Yaroslav sami kawai a cikin XIX karni, zuriyar za ta sami da rawar a cikin samuwar wani hadade da kuma iko Rasha. Rawar da ya taka a cikin samuwar birnin Yaroslavl kusan indisputable, amma kuma riddled da Legends, kuma tatsuniyoyi. Don wannan rana, mun isa biyu manyan versions, wanda yake shi ne daraja neman a more daki-daki.

The labari game da kafuwar Yaroslavl

Shekara goma sha biyu sun wuce tun da baftisma da Rus, amma da yawa kauyuka zauna arna. A kan bankunan na Volga River, a cikin wurin ta mahaɗar tsakãninsu da kogin Kotorosl, shi aka located shiri Ugol. Kamar yadda tarihi records, mutane can ya rayu mugunta, "arna bangaskiya", watau. E. The al'ummai. Suka bauta wa wani gunki Allah Veles (Volos). Ba da nisa daga kauye aka located da Wuri Mai Tsarki, wanda aka kona a hadaya wuta, kuma sun kasance katako Figures daga gumãka. Bauta wa da mazaunan Bear kusurwa da kuma dabbobi, ciki har da key matsayi shagaltar bear. A wasu Volosovo logovine hadaya ga allolin arna, yana yiwuwa cewa mutum, wanda shi ne dalilin da ya sa mazauna yarjejeniya da aka bayyana a matsayin sharrin mutane. A babban aikin da na mazaunan Bear kusurwa aka herding, farauta da kama kifi, amma babban albashi zo daga looting cewa ze tashi tare da Volga m jiragen ruwa. A cewar labari, yarima, yayin da Rostov, Jaroslav shiga jirgin ruwa tare da Volga tare da retinue. Ya ga mutanen da gida kauyuka fashi m jiragen ruwa da 'yan kasuwa suka zo da ceto. Su gode wa sarkin, da kuma gida mazauna, ganin ikon da Rostov mayakan, sun amince da shigar da shi. A wannan Ugol ba da cikakken mika wuya zuwa Yaroslav, akwai ci gaba aikatãwa arna ayyukan hajji. Yaroslav yaba da m wuri na mazauna wuri, cikin sharuddan kariya daga Rostov da kewaye ƙasar dabarun, don haka na yanke shawarar in yi baftisma mutane da kuma gina a kan site na Bear kwana outpost. Ya koma tare da wata tawagar da yawa shugabannin coci, amma natsuwa da aka ba faruwa haka da sauki ba up abũbuwan yi addu'a ga ƙarni. Da zaran yarima shiga ƙauyen, sai su saukar da "ferocious dabba" da kuma wani gungu na karnuka a kan shi, shi da ayarinsa. A matsayin dabba bayyana babbar bear - da majalissar abin bautãwa na kyauyen. Jaroslav hacked gatari bear, ba kare farmaki kowa a kusa da shi. Daga wannan lokacin da yarima umurni da sare itatuwa da kuma gina garun a kan "kibiya". A nan gaba, daga wannan outpost girma Yaroslavl, mai suna bayan da kafa.

Na biyu version

Bear kwana Dyakovo tudun ya yi biyayya da Jaroslav Prince Rostovskys ƙasashe yi masa baftisma amma alfarma Pagan dabba (bear) ya fara saka da mazauna. Ya yi ta yawo a kusa da unguwar da kauyuka da kuma kashe mutane da ya jũya baya daga bautar gumaka. Prince Yaroslav farauta kusa Rostov. Koyo game da matsala mazauna Bear kwana, ya yi gaggãwa zuwa ceto. Yaroslav kansa ya shiga yaƙi da dabba da ta doke shi. Hillfort ya bayar da umarnin da aka karfafa da kusurwoyi kuma moats. Kuma a cikin birnin da aka gina na farko Orthodox coci - da Church of Iliya - mai suna a cikin girmamawa St. Iliya a kan ranar commencement na yi (Agusta 2). A site na zargin kafuwar Yaroslavl wa yau ne wani dutse, wadda bisa ga tarihi, ya taba zama wani ɓangare na kafuwar coci.

Yaroslavl, kafuwar dutse

A cikin Volga embankment ne daya daga cikin mafi ziyarci jan hankali a cikin birnin, wanda janyo hankalin ba kawai da yawa yawon bude ido, yan unguwa yi imani a cikin ikon sihiri jarin a cikin wannan tarihi rarity. A daɓen dutse na Yaroslavl steeped a zamanin d Legends da hadisai, shi ne ya yi ĩmãni da cewa a wannan lokaci ya fara da tarihin birnin. Bãya gare shi akwai farko kufaifan aka gina sabon majami'u da kuma gidajensu. Guides ce cewa idan wani dogon lokaci zuwa duba a hankali zuwa ga dutse, da tunanin da kanta za ta zana wani hoto na zamanin dā: Prince Yaroslav da warriors, sana'a magina, sana'a da dayansu, mutanen da suka gina wannan birni. Mazauna Yaroslavl aka yaba da banmamaki, Properties na dutse. A cewar su, yana da wani musamman magnetism kuma iya warkar da cututtuka. Wurare da dama a yawon bude ido jefa tsabar kudi a cikin imani da cewa nufin su zo gaskiya. Wannan ba abin mamaki: dutse kwance a site kafin kafuwar birnin, naushe daga tsufa da kuma hikaya.

Monuments

Shekara na tushe na birnin Yaroslavl - 1010, bi da bi, duk matakai na raya kasa na Rasha jihar tarihi sun bar su da alãmarsu a kan shi. A wuri na musamman a cikin Monuments na tsufa kanta bautarka birnin gine. An nuna godiya da masoya na tsufa da kunshe a cikin UNESCO Duniya Heritage List. Idan ka yi nazarin tarihi cibiyar na Yaroslavl, za mu iya cewa shi ne mai ɗamfarar gine-gine abin tunawa, wanda aka kiyaye godiya ga m karbuwa ga zamani birni rayuwa. Jumillar adadin Monuments na tarihi, gine-gine, art, ilmin kimiya na kayan tarihi, akwai a cikin birni - fiye da 700 raka'a. Sun hada da haikalin da majami'u, tarihi gine-gine, gidajen tarihi, gidajen ibada, Parks da sassaka. Hakika, musamman wuri daga gare su akwai wani abin tunawa ga wanda ya kafa birnin na Yaroslav Mai hikima. Wannan gari yana mai ma immortalized dukan manyan mutane da suka sanya wani taimako zuwa ga samuwar kuma ci gaba. Akwai wani abin tunawa ga Fyodor Volkov, Nikolai Nekrasov, Demidov al'amudi.

A zamani birni

A halin yanzu Yaroslavl ne dauke da uku mafi girma a birnin a cikin tsakiyar ɓangare na Rasha. A cewar 'yan bayanai, da yawan jama'ar ya wuce 600,000 mutane. Layi daya to mafi riba ayyuka (yawon shakatawa da kuma kasuwanci) a cikin rijiya-raya masana'antu, sufuri cibiyar sadarwa da kuma gidaje da kuma utilities. Lokacin da fadi da yiwuwa na zamani dabaru (ɓullo da Railway cibiyar sadarwa, Airways) Volga rage m kai hanya, kaya da fasinja sufuri ne da za'ayi a kan tushen da kogin tashar jiragen ruwa birnin Yaroslavl. A matakin da ya dace shi ne a kimiyya da bincike da sakamakon da dama zane da cibiyoyin da ake aiwatar a masana'antu samar. Saboda ci gaban masana'antu kansu dangane da sabon Enterprises da janye daga kasashen waje zuba jari. Yaroslavl ci gaba da girma da kuma inganta, ba manta babbar baya kuma a hankali adanar shi.