Podvoisky Nikolai Ilyich (1880-1948): Biography, jam'iyyar aiki

Nikolai Podvoisky wani sauyi na farko kalaman. Ya sanya wata babbar gudummawa ga nasarar da Bolsheviks a lokacin Oktoba juyin juya halin da kuma yakin basasa. A cikin Tarayyar Soviet shugaban jam'iyyar ya zama wani wasanni Oganeza.

farkon shekaru

Future Bolshevik Nikolai Podvoisky haife Fabrairu 16, 1880 a kauyen Kunashevka. A da Chernihiv lardin - a lardin inda, kamar yadda a cikin Ukraine, shi ne musamman aiki a cikin juyin juya halin Musulunci motsi. Yaron ta uba ya kauyen firist. Ba abin mamaki ba cewa Nicholas farko tafi Nezhinskoye addini makaranta, sa'an nan, a shekaru 14, a Chernigov seminary. Podvoisky gama da shi ya gaza. A 1901 ya aka fitar daga cikin seminary domin sa hannu a cikin karkashin kasa neman sauyi kungiyar.

A wannan lokaci, Chernigov lardin tafasar da ke damunsu matasa da masana. Ukrainians, kazalika da Rasha, da yawa ba su son sarauta da iko. Podvoisky Nikolai Ilyich ya ba togiya. Bayan maganganu, sai ya shiga kawai sa na takwarorina wanda shared a irin wannan ƙaddara. Har ila yau, a 1901, wani saurayi ya shiga RSDLP.

matasa Bolshevik

Lokacin da Podvoisky shiga cikin Social Democrats, shi ne kawai wani karamin jam'iyyar. Jim kadan kafin ya dauki 1 jam'iyyar Congress, amma kungiyar da aka ba tukuna bayyana tsarin, da kuma shugabanninta aka mafi yawa yawo a cikin zaman talala. Bugu da ƙari, cikin yunkuri akwai mutane da yawa akida saba wa juna. Sũ, sun ɓatar da gaskiyar cewa a cikin II Congress na RSDLP a 1903 raba cikin Bolsheviks da Mensheviks.

Podvoisky Nikolai Ilyich shiga na farko, zama wani nuna jin goyon bayan Lenin. Lokacin da jam'iyyar zo ikon, ya iya rightfully la'akari da kansa memba na "haihuwa tsare." Podvoisky ya ci gaba da ilimi a Yaroslavl Demidov lyceum. Da yake ilmi dalibi da kuma wani shugaban da yanayi, ya da sauri ya zama wata daraja a memba na Student kwamitin Bolsheviks.

A farko juyin juya halin

Zo 1905. Rasha da aka ci a yaki da Japan. Kasawa a cikin Far East sun kasance a hannun radicals. Podvoisky Nikolai Ilyich da sauran Bolshevik gwagwarmaya da suka zauna a Rasha, ya jagoranci filin aiki. Ya tafi Ivanovo-Voznesensk da kuma shiga cikin Soviet na Ma'aikata 'wakilai, spontaneously shirya karin proletarians. A wurin da aka ba zaba kwatsam. Ivanovo-Voznesenka shi ne cibiyar da yadi masana'antu. Akwai da yawa masana'antu. Kuma kowane kamfanin ne dole disgruntled ma'aikata.

Podvoisky Nikolai Ilyich shi ba ne kawai Bolshevik a cikin wannan birni. Tare da shi a cikin Ivanovo-Voznesenka shirya na neman sauyi proletarians yadda duk da haka ba a sani ba, kuma matasa Mikhail Frunze. A tsawo daga cikin tashin Podvoisky tafi Yaroslavl. Ya tattara da yaki squads. A lokacin na gaba karo da hukumomi, aka yi masa rauni.

Published jam'iyyar jaridu

Bayan karshen juyin juya halin Podvoisky koma Yammacin Turai, inda ya zauna shekara biyu. 1 jam'iyyar Congress, a lokacin da jam'iyyar ta kawai wani karamin rukuni na kamar shiryayye mutane, ya dade a kan. Yanzu duk Bolsheviks da mai yawa aiki. Podvoisky shiga a kife a cikin jam'iyyar latsa. Bayan wani gajeren hutu, ya koma Rasha da kuma zama shugaban wallafe-wallafe, gidan na jaridar "hatsi" a St. Petersburg.

Podvoisky Nikolai Ilyich (1880-1948) ya abar Oganeza. Ya kasance ba ji tsoro, ka dauki kan mafi muhimmanci ayyuka da cewa tsayar da su a jam'iyyar. Bolshevik ya daya daga cikin instigators da initiators daga cikin shahararrun littafin "Star" da kuma "The gaskiya." Musamman ga littattafanmu aka kafa. A shekara ta 1914 yakin duniya na farko, da kuma wani sabon akida gaban a cikin jam'iyyar jaridu. "Gaskiya" ya zama wata babbar ciwon kai ga asirin 'yan sanda. Podvoisky ya kasance daya daga wadanda suka yi mafarkin na Lenin da girma imperialist yaki a cikin wani juyin mulki.

1917 shi ne

A karshen 1916 Podvoisky aka kama shi kuma yanke masa hukuncin Siberian hijira. Duk da haka, ka bauta wa ta neman sauyi bai zama tilas. Ba da da ewa zo da Fabrairu juyin juya halin. A sabuwar gwamnatin ta sanar da wani afuwa, a karkashin abin da ya buga da Podvoisky Nikolay Ilyich.

Biography na Bolsheviks wani misali ne na juyin juya halin Musulunci, wanda a 1917 ya zama mafi muhimmanci a duk rayuwa. Warware, ya tafi zuwa Petrograd (yanzu St. Petersburg yana titi. Podvoisky). Kamar yadda a lokacin farko da juyin juya halin, Nikolai Lenin zama memba na Soviet na Ma'aikata 'wakilai. A cikin Metropolitan kwamitin na Bolsheviks, ya shugabanci kungiyar ta Red Guard, wanda daga baya ya zama kashin bayan Red Army. Har ila yau, ya aka dauke marubucin na biyar-nuna star alama. Shi ya zama mafi recognizable sifa da Red Army.

A cikin kwanaki kafin Oktoba juyin juya halin, Podvoisky ya a Smolny, kuma ya kasance daya daga cikin mafi yawan aiki shugabannin shirye-shirye domin tawaye. Ya sanya wani muhimmin taimako a shirya da storming na Winter Palace.

A tushen na Red Army

Tare da zuwan su ikon da Bolsheviks , Nikolai Podvoisky aka nada na farko jama'ar kasar Commissar for Soja Harkokin. A wannan wuri ya zauna har sai Maris 1918, lokacin da ya maye gurbinsu da Leon Trotsky. A wani gajeren lokaci a matsayin kasa kwamishinan Podvoisky gudanar da hannu da dama muhimmanci dokoki da umarni, wanda ya zama harsashin da nascent Red Army. Organization na da kansa sojojin da aka a lokacin da wani al'amari na rayuwa da mutuwa don Bolsheviks, saboda gabatowa yakin basasa, da kuma jam'iyyar ba su da isasshen albarkatun don yaki da abokan gaba a kan da dama fronts.

Yana Podvoisky fara gagarumin aikin da nan redoubled Trotsky tsince. Bayan castling Nikolai Ilyich zama memba na Revolutionary Soja Council. Ya kasance daya daga cikin halitta na dabara nasarar da Red Army a cikin yakin basasa filayen.

Soviet shekaru

Bayan samuwar tarayyar Soviet da kuma koma farar hula rayuwa Nikolai Podvoisky juya a cikin wani wasanni Oganeza - ya kai Sportintern da Majalisar Koli jiki Culture. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa a shekara ta 1927 jam'iyyar tsohon soja alamar tauraro a Sergeya Eyzenshteyna "Oktoba", da farko na wanda aka sadaukar domin 10th ranar tunawa da juyin juya halin. A wannan hoton Podvoisky taka leda a kansu.

A 1935, da Bolsheviks gane da musamman fensho. Wata kila wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa ya ya iya kauce wa da danniya a lokacin Stalinist tsõro da purges na jam'iyyar. Lokacin da Mai girma Patriotic War, 60-shekara so ya je gaban matsayin mai sa kai. Ya ba a karɓa saboda shekaru, bayan da ya fara tono ramuka a cikin kusanci da Moscow.

Soviet dattaku, ya rasu Yuli 28, 1948. Aka binne shi a cikin Novodevichy hurumi. A birane da yawa na Tarayyar Soviet da nasa titi. Podvoisky. tunawa fasa da aka shigar a cikin tarihi mahaifarsa.