Harun Rashid al-: raga, nasara, abokan adawar. Sarki Haruna Rashid

The biyu da rabi na 8th karni BC aka alama ta weakening na gwamnatin tsakiya, kuma m yankunan na Khalifanci samu wani sabon impetus zuwa cin gaban. Kan bango na janar canje-canje tsaya fita musamman Bagadaza. Quite da sauri ya zama wata al'adu da siyasa babban birnin kasar na a sararin Musulmi daular. A wani hanzari tasowa birni m, m, soja - da kowa da kowa zai iya samun aiki. A musamman nasara iya yin nasara aiki da kuma zama m da Halifa, sunanta - Harun al-Rashid.

Tatsuniyoyi da Reality

Arab tãtsũniyõyin gabatar mana da mulkin Bagadaza a matsayin gaskiya da kuma mai hikima ya zama majiɓinci daga gine-ginen da kuma masana kimiyya, shuni da mahalicci. Hoton na Haruna Rashid ya kasance haka m cewa bayan sunansa ya zama gidan kalma, denoting mai karimci mutum baiwa da ikon, mai kyau da kuma adalci. Amma, a gaskiya, kamar yadda ko da yaushe, ya juya ga zama fiye da prosaic tatsuniyoyi.

yara kalifa

A cikin tsohon birnin da Ray, wanda shi ne kusa da Iran, a 766, ya aka haife jikan mai girma Al-Mansur - wanda ya kafa daulan Abbasiyawa, wanda ya dade da aka mulki ta hanyar mai girma Khalifanci. Dũkiyõyinsu mika daga kan iyakar India da China da Atlantic gaba. Kakan Harun al-Rashid da kuma kafa Bagadaza. Karshe lokacin haihuwa na gaba kalifa ya zama mai arziki da wadata birni, babban ado na wanda shi ne fadar da Halifa. Khan ya zama mahaifiyar wani nan gaba Yemen bawa da sunan Al-Hayzuran cewa Halifa sanya ƙwarƙwararsa, sa'an nan ya aure ta.

Harun Rashid al-ciyar da yara a cikin m da kuma m, kewaye da abokai, iyali da kuma hikima jagoranta. Duk da dukiyar da kewaye, ya kuwa yi girma da karfi da kuma sturdy - kyau kwarai maharba, kuma swordsman, Mãdalla da mahayi. Daga farkon yara, ya jagoranta akwai wakilai daga daraja haihuwa Barmakids da matasa Jafar al Barmakids yana cikin aboki for shekaru.

A farko soja kamfen

A request daga Harun mahaifiyar a wata matasa shekaru goma sha shida, ɗan Halifa ya dauki kashi a cikin wani soja yaƙi gāba da Byzantine Empire. A fili yake cewa ya umarci zalla maras muhimmanci, duk tashin kasance mafi gogaggen soja shugabannin. Duk da yawa gulma, wanda gãnãwa a cikin kunne mahaifinsa, da abokan adawar na Harun al-Rashid, sun tozarta. Sun magaji nuna fice ƙarfin zuciya a yaƙi da wit, kuma ya za a iya dogara da mafi hadaddun lokuta.

Bayan ya dawo daga sintiri, Harun al-Rashid da aka sanya yin sarauta Ifriqiya (yanzu wannan ƙasa dake a kan ƙasa na zamani Tunisiya), Armenia, Azerbaijan da kuma Syria. A cikin jerin contenders for kursiyin Halifa, ya kasance na biyu ne kawai zuwa ga rabin-wa Musa.

A takaice sarautar al-Hadi

Bayan mutuwar kalifa Musa ya dauki kursiyin karkashin sunan al-Hadi. Ɗan'uwansa, sai ya jefa a kurkuku, kuma ya tilasta su rantse, cewa ba Harun al-Rashid zai yi da'awar ya kursiyin kuma za aminci bauta wa ɗan'uwansa,-gwamnan.

Amma Haruna da uwarsa da aboki Jafar irin wannan rantsuwa ba to ba short-rayu mulkin al-Hadi a kalifancin. A 786, ya mutu ba zato ba tsammani, kuma aka maye gurbinsu da Harun.

Manufofi Harun Rashid al-

A gwagwarmayar da kursiyin wani daular - shi ne mai tsawo da kuma jini adawa. Bayan hawa kan karaga, matasa Harun abu na farko da ya ci gaba da wasa a maras muhimmanci rawa, da kuma mulki kasar na malaminsa da kuma iko Barmakids. A ta shari'a matasa Halifa aka shiryar da koyarwar ubangijinsa Yahya ibn Khalid, lokaci mai tsawo, kuma ya ba da mahaifiyarsa, wanda ɗaukakã shi a kan karaga.

Bayan mahaifiyarta ta mutuwa, Haruna Rashid ne a hankali yin kawar da rinjayar da wani iko kabila Barmakids da kuma daukan da ragamar a hannunsu. Babban abokan adawar na Haruna Rashid shi ne yanzu - da tsohon abokai da kuma jagoranta. 29 Janairu 803 shekaru a hannun vizier Jafar aka kashe - dogon-tsaye da kuma mafi m aboki na Halifa. Ya da laifi tone m detractors laifi ko tuhuma da Halifa - gaskiya, za mu taba sani ba. Daga cikin Yanã shiryar da aka ma dakatar da malamin da Halifa, kuma ya shawarta Yahya ibn Khalifa aka abada kulle a kurkuku.

Policy kalifa

Sarki Haruna Rashid, za a iya kira da zinariya shekaru da Khalifanci. Mika wuyansu soja magabaci hana poorer makwabta don amfãne hare-hare a kan karkata daga cikin daular. Duk ƙoƙarin ƙone wutar yaqi ruthlessly mur. A wannan gwada da m lokaci na booming cinikayya. Zai yiwu shi ya Arab Kasuwanci da suka yi ciniki da dukan da aka sani duniya, yada labarai game da sabon Halifa a matsayin mai karimci, kuma mai hikima m.

Duk da daraja karaya m da kuma harsh soja shugaban, Haruna Rashid ya damu da murya na masana kimiyya da kuma rahama ga matalauta. Cikin dukanin ta sarautarsa, sai ya kirãye kullum. Domin masana tauhidi da kuma kasida kofofin akwai ko da yaushe bude, Harun sau da yawa rahõto sabõda su, kyale su su fassara Kur'ani, su yi ta raira waƙoƙin yabo a nasu adireshin.

Ci gaba a kimiyya da kuma gina

Duk da janar mulki, dole mu zumunta yancin kai a Abissidskom Khalifanci birni. Khalifa bi nasarorin da masana kimiyya daga daban-daban ƙasashe kalifancin, da kuma gayyata zuwa ga mafi talented masu bincike da kuma gine-ginen. Ta hanyar wannan tsarin abin da nasarori ya zama shahararren Harun al-Rashid, nan da nan koya dukan Larabawa duniya. Khalifanci gina gadoji da kuma masallatai, gina levees da dams, noman rani m ƙasar Khalifanci. Akwai wani tsakiyar akwatin gidan sabis, wanda a Turai a lokacin da ba ma ji. The ãyari hanyoyi a cikin ƙasa na Khalifanci da aka kare daga 'yan fashi, matafiya tsaya a Inns, ba tare da tsoron rayukansu da kuma tanadi.

mai zane

Yana da ban sha'awa cewa, bisa ga tarihi, Harun al-Rashid da aka tsanani la'akari da ayyukan don a haɗa da Red Sea tare da ruwan romeyskoy (Rum). Domin aiwatar da wannan aikin da Halifa ya da wajen da kuma damar. Wannan aikin da aka ƙi daga jihar for aminci dalilai - shugabannin da Halifa tsanani tsoron mamayewa na Byzantine jirgi da su nasara ga tekun na Hejaz. Akai-akai koma zuwa wannan ra'ayin daga baya, fiye da shekara dubu da haihuwa, gina a shafin na zamanin d aikin na Suez Canal.

Matar da Halifa

Ba da da ewa, matasa Halifa aure. Ya zabi ya Zubeydda Ibn Dzhafar, jikar da Halifa al Mansour. Mutane da yawa nasarorin da Harun al-Rashid da dama kamata a sanya wa wannan musamman mace. Ya sanya wani babban taimako ga beautification na birnin, tare da biyayya ga titunan birnin Bagadaza a cikin duhu hasken wuta glowed, ta daya daga cikin na farko mata yin sadaka aiki. Ta yi mata miji kuma ɗa, master Abu Abdallu Al Allah, wanda a wani lokaci ya kasance magajin mahaifinsa daular.

Halifa da addini

Tausayi da taƙawa m garibi a hade tare da uncompromising hali zuwa sauran addinai. A cikin farkon zamanin mulkinsa, ya ayyana wani afuwa, da yafe daruruwan 'yan fashi da barayi, amma bari a kurkuku na mutane, fassarar Kur'ani wanda shi ne daban-daban daga saba. A hristinskom duniya wadannan mutane za a kira Litattafansu. A ake kira zindīq yi fili rabuwa ba daidai ba darussan da kuma yin wasu rashawa ya saki. Al'ummai an hõre wulãkanci a cikin Khalifanci, kuma sun kasance batun karin stringent dokoki. Alal misali, an haramta sa guda takalma sawa da wasu Musulmai. Su aka ba a yarda ya hau dawakai - babban hanyar kai ga Kiristoci da sauran kafirai dauke da jakai. Ba jin dadin goyon bayan da Khalifanci da mabiya sauran addinai. A cikin shekara ta 806 Haruna Rashid a taƙawa himma don tabbatar da addinin musulunci da kawai addini a ƙasarsu, ya ba da umarnin a halakar dukan Kirista wuraren bauta a ƙasashensu, a gaskiya, an hana gudanar da aiki Kristanci a cikin kalifancin.

A kwanaki na ƙarshe na Halifa

A m manufar Musulunci tsaye a karshen girgiza serene sarautar Abbadinskogo Khalifanci. Daban-daban igiyoyin na bangaskiyar Musulmi sun samu magoya bayan su a kan karkata wani babban daular. Yunkuri a Misira, Tunisiya da kuma Asiya ta tsakiya. Wurare da dama a yaƙe-yaƙe lalatar da taskar da nema nan da nan hankali na m. Khalifa sau da yawa yana zuwa da kaina kai da soja yakin. A lokacin Harun samu daga wanda irin wannan yaƙin neman zaɓe, a 809 shekara, ya aka biyar musu da mutuwa. An ce da na karshe kalmomi na kalifa kasance: "m, kawai mutum."