Soviet counteroffensive kusa Moscow. Kaddamar da wani counteroffensive a yakin Moscow

A tarihin akwai lokacin da ba za a iya sake rubutawa ko modified babu tarihi. Tsanani a cikin fall na 1941, a lokacin da barazana, ya zama kamar ma a duk faɗin duniya, akwai wata tambaya da tsare mutuncin Tarayyar Soviet, mai yawa kokarin da aka jefa a kan tsaro na Moscow. Kuma duk da ban mamaki halin da ake ciki, sojojin na uku fronts Disamba 5, 1941 fara wani counter-m na Soviet sojojin kusa Moscow. Daga wannan rana, sai sannu a hankali, amma lalle cunkus farkisanci invaders zuwa yamma kan iyakoki na jihar. Amma ba haka tunani da aiki kama da Tarayyar Soviet ta Nazis.

shirya Barbarossa

A lokacin rani na 1941 ya ban tausayi ga Tarayyar Soviet. Yuni 22 da farkisanci Jamus sojojin keta jihar kan iyaka da kuma mayar da su cikin aiki m ayyukan. A zuciya na farko na Jamus sa da sanannen Barbarossa shirin, ci gaba da Field Marshal Paulus. Ya kira ga m gaba na Jamus sojojin a kan Turai na Tarayyar Soviet, kãmun duk manyan birane, ciki har da babban birnin kasar da kuma Birnin Leningrad, (yadda iya da shi za a zaci cewa yaƙin ga Moscow zai zama daya daga cikin jujjũyãwar maki a cikin wannan mummunan yakin). A haskaka daga cikin aiki Paulus yi ĩmãni da kama na Caucasus maza maza raw kayan. Bayan duk, Turai hannun jari na man fetur a kan wani dogon yaƙi da Wehrmacht iya bai ishe.

Ya kamata a bayyana cewa, babban dabarun da wannan shirin ne ƙwarai, m gaba da iko tank kungiyoyin da ake zaton crack da tsaro na Red Army da kuma yanke ta kai arteries wadata. Yana da aka zaci cewa, Jamus motorized dakaru, don matsawa kadan more sannu a hankali, za su hallaka saurã daga cikin soja raka'a na Red Army, wadda ta zo a karkashin tank hari.

A dakaru da aka umurce su da su haifar da ake kira boilers, kazalika da wa unimpeded samun wadata tank raka'a kai hare hare. Wannan aiki da aka neme su da wani rukuni na sojojin "Center", a karkashin umurnin Field Marshal Fedor von Bock. Yana kunshi na 4 ga watan da kuma 9 ga watan Army, za'ayi da murfin dakaru tank kungiyar, wanda aka kafa daga 2nd da 3rd tank kungiyoyin. A total number of fama-shirye tank rarrabu a wadannan kungiyoyin wuce 60. Air ra'ayoyi von Bock rufe da 2nd Air Force Luftwaffe, da game da 1.680 fama da jirgin sama.

A heroism na kan iyaka masu gadi

Duk da zumunta suddenness na hari, daga sosai farko hours na Jamusawa mu fuskanci zafin juriya daga Soviet kan iyaka masu gadi, wanda, ba shakka, ba zai iya rike mayar da kai hare hare tank wedges invaders. Duk da haka, da sa'o'i cewa suna hakuri da kiyaye tsaron (a sani cewa a wasu wurare, Aljihuna na juriya smoldered for watanni), a yarda wasu taimako daga yanzu m halin da ake ciki na Soviet na yau da kullum da raka'a a yammacin shugabanci.

A wasu kalmomin, da rabo daga "lokaci - asarar" daga farko minti na yaki ya fara aiki da Jamus. Wadannan tunani bayyana a cikin memoirs wasu Jamus generals na Janar Staff. Ko da yake a general shi bai canza matsayi wannan tarihi. Jamusawa da wahala, amma farmaki, ya hallaka sojoji, da kayan aiki na Red Army. Duk da haka, yayin da su kansu sha wahala nauyi asarar.

inganta m

War kusa Moscow cewa housed da Army Group rarrabu "Center", da aka za'ayi da ƙarfi. Jamus sulke wedges ganguna kama more kuma mafi sabon iyaka, amma mafi sau da yawa shi ne yanzu tafi ginshikan kansu kama a cikin wuta bags, kuma mutane su yi kwanto. Akwai lokuta idan expertly shirya manyan bindigogi kwanto hallaka a daya yaƙi da 20 German tankuna.

Hitler umurnin bai kula da irin wannan gangami rahotanni daga shugabannin. Yana da jũna da cewa nasara a cikin jakar. Da bala'i na matsananciyar kare Red Army har yanzu shi ne don kammala iska magabaci daga cikin Nazis. Armada Junkers baje ƙasa birnin da zaman lafiya, da kuma mayakan bai yi ƙyãmar ko nemi kananan kungiyoyin 'yan gudun hijira.

Soviet da jirgin sama, kusa da kan iyakoki don matsawa up, an kusan gaba daya hallaka. Saboda haka, a 'yan makonni da makiya ji kyawawan dadi a cikin sama. Amma, duk da wannan, wasu mayakan har yanzu ya tashi. Kamar yadda a yanayin saukan kasa aiki, a ranar 22 ga Yuni Jamus sha wahala na farko asarar jirgin sama. Kuma a kan Agusta 7, da Soviet dogon zangon-zirgar jiragen sama, ayyuka bugi farko harin bam a kan Berlin.

Da manufofin wannan labarin bai hada da canja wurin da sunayen shahararrun warriors da kuma soja raka'a, wanda suke nacewa tsaron gida, sa saukar da Jamus soja inji a kan hanya zuwa babban birnin kasar, ta haka ne samar da wata damar shirya wani counterattack na Soviet sojojin kusa Moscow. Sunayen da haruffa, ba shakka, babu wanda zai taba manta.

Operation "Typhoon"

Kuma ina so in lura shi ne cewa daidai lokacin da Wehrmacht shi ne na farko m, da kuma bisa ga wasu masana, wata babbar rauni. Yana game da ranar, a lokacin da Soviet counter-m a Moscow. Shi ne tare da kama da babban birnin kasar na Tarayyar Soviet Adolf Hitler nasaba da babbar nasarar da blitzkrieg.

Early a cikin Janar Staff na Jamus sojojin musamman aiki kama Moscow an ci gaba, wanda aka codenamed "Typhoon". A shirin da ya shafi yin amfani da wannan tank "wedges". Uku buga tank kungiyar shirya ya raba Soviet defenses kuma isa Moscow daga inda da dama, kawai don ba da damar da dakaru zuwa da yardar kaina shiga cikin birni.

Tsawo tsaron gida yaƙi

Rana counteroffensive kusa Moscow, amma har yanzu, amma Nazi aiki da suka fara ranar 30 ga watan Satumba. Kewaye Soviet sojojin yammacin Vyazma, da Nazis mãkirci irin darkãkẽwa. Duk da haka, da kare birnin na da wani m juriya da ja da dakaru na Jamus, wanda ya ya goyi bayan ci gaba tank kungiyar.

Kuma mafi muhimmanci, protracted fadace-fadace na Vyazma yarda da Soviet umurnin mu ma karfafa Mozhayskoe shugabanci a kudi na sabo reserves. Ga shi ya kamata a lura da cewa shi ne shi ne daya daga cikin muhimman abubuwa na dukan tsaro tsarin, wanda bayar farkon wata counter-m kusa Moscow.

Jihar kewaye

A Oktoba 13 a duk inda manyan zuwa babban birnin kasar, nauyi fada ya barke. A jihar Tsaro kwamitin ya yanke shawarar a kan wani m fitarwa na wasu kamfanonin da diplomasiyya kungiyar soja a Moscow. The sosai guda babban kwamandan Stalin ki bar Moscow.

Oktoba 19 a Jihar kewaye aka kafa. Dubban Muscovites bayansa da rabo na kasa mayakan, digging tsaron gida ramuka, shigar musamman antitank shinge. Ra'ayoyi na Soviet sojojin a Vyazma da matsananci kokarin gudanar ya karya fita, patting muhimmanci miƙa Jamus raya da kuma muhimmanci karfafa da kansa rabo tsarin cewa kare babban birnin kasar.

soja farati

A cikin rabi na biyu na Oktoba, da Jamus sun har yanzu a cikin m taki, ci gaba da yaga Moscow. Suka ɗauki Orel, Kalinin da kai hanyoyin Tula. Duk da haka, da janar ra'ayi na aiki "Typhoon" ya fili takaici. The Nazis kasance bã su iya kafin tsanani sanyi kama Moscow.

A farkon watan Nuwamba, lokacin da yakin Moscow a kan "sauƙaƙar," da babban kwamandan Stalin yana da ra'ayin rike wani soja farati a Moscow. Sai ya zama mai muhimmanci da kuma hikima siyasa tafi na Soviet shugabanci. Nuwamba 7 farati ya faru. A daukacin jama'ar na Tarayyar Soviet cike take da turjiyar da taron ya yi babban alama.

Da sojoji, sun yi tafiya a cikin farati, ga Stalin a kan rostrum na kabarin. Ya zama a sarari duk da cewa a gaban mafi muhimmanci da kuma hukunci yaƙi, wanda ba ya jin kunya daga faruwa har ma mafi girma da kasar ta jagoranci. A morale na hidima a gaban Red Army ya unprecedentedly high. Za mu iya amince ce cewa yakin Moscow, Soviet counteroffensive da yantar da jihar daga Nazis fara a nan, a kan Red Square.

Transfer na sojojinta daga Far East

Bugu da kari, wani m mamaki ga German Janar Staff ya gaggawa canja daga Far East rarrabu, wanda ya kasance a cikinta da su hana kai hare-hare kungiyar tarayyar Fascists Japan. Soviet m sabis yana da wani musamman aiki na disinformation Japan umurnin, don haka sabo ne da kuma da-makamai da sojoji zo don tallafa wa Tarayyar Soviet counteroffensive kusa Moscow.

Duk da haka, da Jamus umurnin bai sani game da shi da kuma ci gaba da bunkasa aiki ta samu nasara. A wasu sassa na gaba da Nazis gudanar ya zo Moscow a kan 11 km. Amma duk da iko mãsu alãma daga cikin Red Army tsaya. Tikis yakar Jamus raka'a iya daina gaba.

A tipping batu

Daga 5 zuwa 6 Disamba na Jamus sun kaddamar da wani mamaki m na Soviet sojojin kusa Moscow, kuma karye Jamus sojojin da aka kora da baya zuwa 150-200 km daga babban birnin kasar. Asarar da jawo wa kansu da yau, iyalinsu iya karawa Wehrmacht sun girma. Kadai manpower halaka fiye da dubu 500, mutane. Gaba sun m fadace-fadace da kuma dogon shekaru hudu na yaki. Amma da farko crack soja inji na Nazi Jamus da shi a yakin Moscow.