Me Ivan Grozny kashe dansa Ivan? An Ivan Grozny kashe ɗansa?

A sarauta gidajen Yuli 3, 1583 faru da daya daga cikin mafi m da unexplained kisan karni na sha shida. Dan na Ivan da Munin, Ivan Ivanovich, aka kashe kansa uba. A wani Fit na fushi da sarki prodded zũriyarsu da cewa suna da wani ma'aikatan ƙarfi a cikin haikali. A hit ya madaidaici kuma karfi - kambi yarima mutu a kan tabo. Abin mamaki ne dan Ivan Grozny kashe! Mai ƙaunar, mazan, daya a kan wadda zuciya ƙwarai, saboda na biyu daga zuriyarsa, Theodore, ya mallaki ƙasar da aka ba a shirye su fara.

A cikin shekaru fiye da ɗari huɗu da hamsin da tarihin shekaru overgrown da yawa Legends, sa a gaba daban-daban version na abin da ya faru. Shi ne har yanzu ba a saita ainihin ranar da mutuwa na Crown Prince. Wasu masu bincike sun nuna cewa, da bala'i ya faru baya a 1581, a watan Nuwamba, wasu kira a 1582, da kuma na uku, wanda masu rinjaye, har yanzu bi zuwa ranar Yuli 3, 1583. By kuma manyan, da lambobin ba su da muhimmanci, babban aiki - don fahimtar me ya sa Ivan Grozny kashe ɗansa, kuma idan ya kashe shi a duk? Ka yi kokarin fahimtar.

A farko version. siyasa

Nikolai Karamzin a cikin "Tarihi" ta sanar da cewa sanadin tuntuɓe tsakanin mahaifi da dansa ya zama dan siyasa. Cike da mai daraja himma kambi yarima zo ga iyaye da nema a saki Pskov, ga fitar da abokan gaba, ga mayar da girmama na Rasha Empire. A wani fushi, John ihu cewa dansa tare da boyars so dethrone shi, da kuma tashe hannunsa. Ta yi kokarin kiyaye Boris Godunov, amma sarki ya kaifi sanda bugi bafadan da dama raunuka, sa'an nan soki shugaban Crown Prince. Ya fadi, ya rufe tare da jini. Mutuwar Ivan - dan Ivana Groznogo - ya instantaneous. Abin lura shi ne cewa version cewa Karamzin dauke da gaskiya, da aka asali sa a gaba ta hanyar Antonio Possevino, papal legate, wanda, raunata, ya, idan ba mafi sha'awar shaida, shi ne ba daidai m. Saboda haka, daidai da wannan sanarwa ne sosai m, musamman tun lokacin babu wata shaida da aka ba tabbatar. To, don me Ivan Grozny kashe ɗansa? Ku ci gaba.

Na biyu version. yau da kullum

Kawai a hukumance sarki John V. aka aure a kalla sau bakwai. Kamar yadda ka sani, apple da dama daga cikin itacen nan kusa. Sai saurayin kambi yarima daga ubansa kokarin kiyaye up. Matarsa ta farko 'yar Saburova Eudoxia Bogdanova, bayan wani gaza aure, ta kan tilas tonsured matsayin Nun. Biyu matarsa, Feodosiyu Mihaylovu, Solovova ya, sha wahala guda ƙaddara - ransa ta gama a wani sufi. By 1583 Ivan ya auri 'yar autan' yan'uwan da Barcelona, Elena. Daya safe, John V. ga juna biyu, matar na Crown Prince of m form: da bel da ta ba su daura up, da kuma je a bude ga mace mai aure ne ba makale. Sarki ya husata da mari kamar wata mai kyau naushe ya. Helen fadi da kuma buga, da kuma sun rasa nan gaba na yaro da dare. Sa'an nan kambi yarima gudu zuwa cikin dakin, ya fara tsawatar wa mahaifinsa, ya miƙe domin matarsa, ga shi kuwa, a cikin Haikali, da ma'aikatan. Sai dai itace, shi ne ya sa Ivan Grozny kashe dansa! Duk da haka, da kuma a nan shi ne ba a bayyana. Marubucin wannan version bauta duk da wannan Antonio Possevino, wanda ya m ya bijirar da wani m m synoubiytsey domin tabbatar da kyawon da Turai Inquisition. Saboda haka abin da ya faru a zahiri?

The uku version. son

A Rasha Tsar ya sosai yunwa ga mace da kuma, a kan hujja, babu daya skirt rasa. Wata rana wani wuri a cikin unguwanni, da ya sadu da Helen, matar Tsarevich Ivan, da muka riga muka ce, ya fara tilasta ta ta cohabit. Shi ba a san ko ƙarshe ya zama John V. snohachom (a Rasha ya dade tun kira mutumin da ya raba mace da danta), amma matasa gimbiya ce wa mijinta game da zagi, da ya yanke shawarar gano da dangantaka da mahaifinsa. Abin da shi ke nan a kan, mun sani. Dan Ivana Groznogo, Ivan, fadi da karayar Haikalin, da matarsa bayan wani lokaci, aka aika zuwa wani sufi. Amma shi ne shi duka ya faru da gaske?

A karo na hudu version. rebut

Masana tarihi da suka rayu da yawa daga baya, Ivan Vasilyevich da ɗansa, tunani: "Amma idan Ivan Grozny kashe ɗansa?" Watakila dai kawai wani m labari? A wasu kalmomin, disinformation kuma ƙiren ƙarya? Lalle ne, a lokacin da gaskiyar synoubiystva haddasa babbar shakka. Don me ya sa fahimta shi wajibi ne don shakka, to, ka ga 1883-1885 data - lokaci, a lokacin da daga hannun daga cikin shahararrun Rasha artist Ili Repina wani aikin na art "Ivan da Munin kuma ansa Nuwamba 16, 1581".

Zanen "Ivan Grozny kashe dansa"

A karkashin wannan sunan ya zama sananne ga jama'a zanen, wanda ya nuna yadda Rasha Tsar Tsarevich buga wani mutum ba, a buga. A cikin ja magana rufe da alamu a cikin wasu inuwõyi Chambers ya ta'allaka kusa da kife kursiyin jefa sandarsa, kuma a cikin zuciya da bẽnãye, biyu Figures hasken uba, wanda ya aikata kawai a wani Fit na fushi irreparable, da kuma dan wanda ya mutu a hannunsa. Fidda zuciya, m soyayya da tsoro fuska nuna Ivan Vasilyevich, ya frantically rungumi Crown Prince, kokarin dakatar da zub da jini ta hanyar gudanar da rauni a kansa, da kuma dansa, gãfara mahaifin crouches cikin kirji. Na tsufa sarki bayyanar da aggravated fasali na kamannuna a cikin bewilderment a lokaci guda pathetic da kuma ban tsoro. Ivan ta fuska idan aka kwatanta da shi fiye da "rai", wahayi zuwa gare, da kuma keɓaɓɓiyar. Yi hakuri domin mahaifina ya cika Crown Prince, sai ya ji wani jin gafara, shi elevates shi sama da dukan tausayin sha'awa bai dāce da mutum, wanda ya zama dalilin mutuwar, da tsarkake rai. Wannan shi ne abin da ya nuna da zanen "Ivan Grozny kashe ɗansa."

Fate samfurin Repin

Yanzu yanar gizo da aka adana a cikin Moscow, da Tretyakov Gallery. A rukuni na Orthodox gwagwarmaya da kuma masana tarihi a 2013 nema cire shi daga can, tun da shi ya savawa da m ji na Russia. A fatawar da aka hana. Dole ne in ce, wannan ba shine na farko hari a kan zanen. Lokacin da aka fara gabatar da jama'a a kan 13th tafiya nuni, duk St. Petersburg ya agog. The masu sauraro a zahiri kewaye da ginin inda zanen rataye. Sun mai tsanani muhawara: da masana da m matasa hanzari ganin darajarsa, yayin da wasu Petersburgers suka ji haushi: "Ta yaya za ka nuna synoubiystvo" Daga cikin wadanda suka yi aiki ba na son ya ga Sarkin sarakuna Alexander III na, a sakamakon Afrilu 1, 1885 an dakatar da show. An farko hoto ya halartar da Rasha Empire, takunkumi. Duk da haka, bayan watanni uku a request na kusa da kotu ta A. Bogolyubov ban da aka dauke.

Kuma idan da kisan da aka?

A wannan nuni a St. Petersburg a 1885 zanen "Ivan Grozny kashe dansa" da aka gani da fice a Rasha zurfin tunani da kuma manyan procurator Mai Tsarki taron majalisar Krista, Konstantin Pobedonostsev. Ya aka fusatar da ita labarin, domin, a cikin ra'ayi, almarar shige kashe a matsayin hujja. Pobedonostsev rubuta zuwa Alexander III wata wasika da ya ce cewa yana da wani aiki na gwaninta ba za a iya kira tarihi, domin shi ya wakilci lokacin ne zalla dama. Yaya haka? Mu ko da yaushe ya yi magana game da kisan Tsarevich Ivan Vasilyevich John matsayin indisputable gaskiya, ko da a makaranta littattafai da aka rubuta game da wannan a cikin misali na abin da zaluntar rarrabe Rasha autocracy. Ba har zuwa karshen ya bayyana kawai don me Ivan Grozny kashe ɗansa. Da kuma yadda duk wannan bayanai fadi a cikin tarihi adabi, babu wanda tunani.

ban mamaki ya faru

A 1913, akwai wani abin mamaki a cikin Tretyakov Gallery. Lokacin da kyan gani zane-zane Ili Repina "Ivan da Munin kuma ansa Nuwamba 16, 1581" fenta Abram Balashov ihu: "Da yawa jini!" Sa'an nan ya fitar da lashed a zanen da wuka da kuma slashed shi. Nan da nan Repin zo a Moscow tare da Igorem Grabarem, tsohon dalibi da kuma wani sanannen restorer, don sake gina. A latsa ya yi yunkurin wani zanen samu wani m martani aka ma shirya wani muhawara a kan topic na yadda talakawa mutane yana nufin image na sarauta personages. Repin ba zato ba tsammani da ake zargi da gangan tsokani mutane zuwa ta'adi da wani rashin fahimtar halin da ake ciki ya haifar a Rasha. The artist ya rude da sosai takaici. Ya ke tada da kuma yanke shawarar barin Moscow, ba zã su wannan gari.

Daga wanda ya mutu Tsarevich?

Metropolitan Ladoga da St. Petersburg, da Yahaya, a cikin littafinsa "Autocracy Ruhu" ƙaryata game da kisan, ya kuma ce cewa mutuwa na dan Ivana Groznogo zo saboda rashin lafiya mai tsanani. Lalle ne, a kiyaye su a tarihi takardun ba wata kalma game synoubiystve. Amma saukar da yawa dalilai, amincewa da cewa da kambi yarima ya mutu a sakamakon guba. B. Manyagin a cikin aikinsa na 2003, "The shugaban na Church tsagera" ya rubuta cewa Ivan aka guba da lalatattu sublimate - mai guba da cewa yana sa mai raɗaɗi mutuwa idan kun yi shi a cikin wani adadin 0,18 grams.

exhumation

A cikin Mala'iku Cathedral a cikin Kremlin a shekarar 1963, suka kuma bude kabarin hudu: kwamandan Skopin-Shumsky, Tsarevich Ivan, Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich, Tsar Fedor Ivanovich. A lokacin saura na binciken, masu bincike gano cewa, a duk hudu skeletons dauke da wajen daidaita yawa na arsenic, kuma shi ba ya wuce na kullum. Duk da haka, a cikin kasusuwa na Tsarevich Ivan da Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich samu gaban Mercury a allurai da ya fi yadda da halatta kullum. Wasu masana tarihi sun bayar da hujjar cewa, ita ba guba, da kuma sakamakon da jiyya na syphilis da Mercury maganin shafawa. Amma a sakamakon nazarin samu ba syphilitic canje-canje a cikin ragowar wakilan da sarauta iyali.

sababbin hujjojin

A shekarar 1990, wani binciken da aka gudanar burials girma Moscow gadon da kuma ya'yan sarakuna. A sakamakon haka, an gano cewa, Elena Glinskaya, uwa Ivana Groznogo, wanda ya mutu a 1538, da kuma Anastasia Romanova, matarsa ta farko, wanda ya mutu a 1560-m, aka guba da mercuric chloride. Wato, da sarauta iyali da aka wanda aka azabtar da guba domin da yawa shekarun da suka gabata. Data daga wadannan da sauran nazarin kai ga ƙarasawa da cewa, kisan dan Ivana Groznogo nasu uba - mai almarar ba, amma a gaskiya ya aka guba, a cikin ni'imar da wannan fassarar shi ne cewa shi ya zauna da guba ciki ya wuce halatta iyaka sau da yawa. Kamar wancan kimiyya version of synoubiystve tantama musanta.