Rasha processor. Sarrafawa Rasha samarwa

A developers na Rasha Federation sun fara haifar da nasu microprocessors, wanda suna dauke sosai m dangane da kayayyakin da manyan brands. Akwai riga matsayin samarwa model, shirya domin masana'antu samar, da kuma shirya aukuwa. Abin da Rasha sarrafawa - yanzu, ko nan gaba - cancanci kulawa ta musamman?

Babban Rasha developers na sarrafawa

Rasha IT-masana'antu ne rayayye masu tasowa. Daga cikin mafi technologically m na ta segments - shi ne ci gaban da microprocessor, tsara don amfani a inji mai kwakwalwa da kuma sabobin cewa yawanci dangana da wani IBM-gine. wannan kasuwar yanzu mamaye biyu duniya brands - Intel da AMD. M aukuwa a duniya, su ne 'yan kaxan. Amma babu wani daga wadannan za a iya miƙa ta Rasha injiniyoyi.

Daga cikin alamar da kwakwalwan kwamfuta, daga Rasha, wanda zai iya zama gasa Intel kuma AMD, kamar yadda zaci processor "Baikal". An zaci cewa guntu za a shigar a kan kwakwalwa da aka umurce jihar hukumomin. Mai yiwuwa, a sanannun microprocessor sayarwa wanda Ya halitta aiki da kuma shirya domin taro samar na guntu samfurori - wani kamfanin MCST. Yana samar da kwakwalwan kwamfuta, a karkashin iri na "Elbrus" a mai fadi da kewayon gyare-gyare.

Bari mu bincika abin da siffofin ne halin da tsawon lokaci, da aiki sarrafawa a Rasha.

The processor for nan gaba: "Baikal"

A cikin watan Yuni 2014, Rasha kafofin watsa labarai yada labarai: ma'aikatar kasuwanci da masana'antu da aiwatar da shirin domin ci gaban microprocessors, wanda ake zaton daga baya za a shigar a kan PC saya don jihar bukatun. Muna magana ne game da kwakwalwan kwamfuta, a karkashin iri sunan "Baikal". Abin da na ƙwarai facts halayyar wannan guntu? Processor "Baikal" sai suka fara samar da kamfanin 'Baikal Electronics ". A] en aikin na Center "T-Nano", wanda Ya halitta kamfani "T-dandamali", tare da sa hannu na "Rosnano". A aikin a kan processor aiki a matsayin kayan aiki-United Corporation. An sani cewa aikin za a hannu brands kamar Depo Computers, «Aquarius" da kuma Kraftway.

An zaci cewa processor "Baikal" za a halitta a cikin da dama versions. A farko zai kasance, a cewar wasu bayanai, da 8-core guntu Baikal M, kuma M / S for inji mai kwakwalwa da kuma sabobin. Za su iya samar dangane 28 nm fasaha, kazalika da core Cortex A57, aiki a kan 64-bit-akai. Performance "Baikal" sarrafawa za su kasance kusa 2 GHz. Ana sa ran cewa guntu zai zama jituwa tare da Linux. Daga baya shi ma za a saki 16-core guntu. Suna kafa ta 16 nm fasaha. Akwai rahotannin da ke cewa Rasha processor "Baikal" a cikin ta farko biya za a yi da Taiwan ta TSMC.

Brand "Elbrus": Key Facts

Sauran sanannun biyu a Rasha da kuma kasashen waje microprocessor iri - "Elbrus". Kwakwalwan kwamfuta karkashin wannan alama an riga an bayar da dama iri. Akwai dual-core processor "Elbrus". Akwai kwakwalwan kwamfuta tare da 4 ko 8 tsakiya.

Akwai shaida da cewa a nan gaba PC za a gabatar da kasuwar dangane da wadannan masu sarrafawa. Yanzu tushen kwakwalwan kwamfuta "Elbrus" halitta da kwakwalwa aiki samfurori iri-iri na gyare-gyare - litattafan rubutunku, alewa sanduna, da tebur, sabobin. Babban abokan ciniki na PC a cikin abin da Rasha processor za a shigar, tsara ta MCST ana sa ran zama tsaron gida Tsarin. Har ila yau, akwai sauran bege ga bukatar daga manyan harkokin kasuwanci. Kwakwalwan kwamfuta "Elbrus" iya gudu a karkashin babban tsarin aiki don IBM-gine inji mai kwakwalwa - Windows, Linux.

Bari mu bincika, kamar yadda sarrafawa "Elbrus" halitta.

Sarrafawa "Elbrus": tarihi

A farko kwamfuta, wanda ta fara da tarihin daga cikin iri, an halitta ta Soviet masana kimiyya a 70s. Sun zama sarrafa kwamfuta hadaddun "Elbrus-1". Yana da aka bisa ga irin TTL kwakwalwan kwamfuta, kuma dauke a cikin tsarin sarrafawa 10 a total damar game da 15 megaflops. Don wasu har wannan ya na musamman da inji: musamman, da manufa na layi daya kisa da dokokin da aka aiwatar a da shi. A cewar wasu rahotanni, duniya ta ci gaba da irin wannan kwamfuta ba a can. RAM girma "Elbrus-1" da aka 64 MB - fiye da kyau.

Ga wani musamman Soviet kwamfuta fara samar da kansa tsarin aiki da mutum shirye-shirye harsuna. A shekarar 1985, akwai wani hadadden "Elbrus-2" shi ne inganta model na farko mota. Ya aka bambanta da updated tushe gyara a kwakwalwan kwamfuta, kamar ECL. Overall yi processor kwamfuta tsarin yana da fiye da 125 megaflops. The gine na kwamfuta module manufa da aka aiwatar. Complex "Elbrus-2" halin da wani babban matakin yi da kwanciyar hankali na aiki. An sani cewa shi aka yi amfani da daban-daban a cibiyoyin soja. Total Soviet masana'antu samar 30 gidaje "Elbrus-2".

samfur "Elbrus-3" kwamfuta da aka kerarre a shekarar 1990. Amma a wancan lokaci, saboda da wuya siyasa halin da ake ciki a kasar, kudade domin aikin da aka katse. Duk da haka, tuni a shekarar 1992, aka kafa shi LLP "Moscow da SPARC-fasahar Center", nan da nan sake masa suna kamfanin MCST. Kamfanin ya fara nuna masana'antu da tsarin, wanda aka dogara ne a kan sa'an nan rare SPARC fasahar halitta ta Sun Microsystems.

Solutions dangane SPARC

Aiki tare da mafita dangane da SPARC, MCST kamfanin ya ci gaba da kansa samfurin a cikin wani nau'i na microprocessor. A baya versions na gine-gine da shi da aka sani E2k. A farko model na processor dangane da shi, da ake kira R150, aka saki a 2001. Tsari fasahar da shawarar yin amfani da 350 nm fasaha. Na yi aiki da Rasha processor a mita na 150 MHz a wani fitarwa na domin na 150 megaflops.

A 2004, akwai fiye da iko guntu - R500. Its Agogon mita kasance 500 MHz. Ya samar da wani ɓangare na wani high-tech matsayin - 130 nm. A shekarar 2007, kamfanin ya fito da wani dual-core processor MCST R500S, kẽwayẽwa da aukuwa a cikin filin na SPARC fasaha. Its yi shi 1 GFLOPS.

Lokaci guda tare da ci gaba na kwakwalwan kwamfuta bisa SPARC MCST kamfanin tsunduma a cikin halittar processor, shi kafu ne a kan kansa ci gaban injiniyoyi. Saboda haka, ta 2007, an halitta da kuma shige jihar gwaje-gwaje Rasha processor "Elbrus". Yana da aka samar daidai da misali 130 nm da kuma sarrafa a mita na 300 MHz. The processor aka sanye take da guda core da kuma sarrafa a gudun 4.8 gigaflops. Wannan guntu, kazalika da aukuwa a kan shi, alama farkon dukan iyali na kwakwalwan kwamfuta, girma a cikin tech, high-yi mafita. Bari mu auna su.

"Elbrus-S»

A farko serial guntu daga MCST - wani processor "Elbrus-S», wanda ya bayyana a cikin 2010. Yana da aka samar bisa ga misali na 90 nm. Wannan guntu iya aiki a mita 500 MHz da kuma tabbatar da wasan kwaikwayon na domin na 8 GFLOPS.

Yana iya lura da cewa, a irin wannan wasan kwaikwayon iya sa'an nan nuna AMD Athlon 64 guntu aiki a mita na 2.2 GHz.

"Elbrus-2s +"

A shekarar 2011 ya bayyana da wadannan gyare-gyare da processor - guntu "Elbrus-2s +". Yana da aka samar daidai da gine na 90 nm, amma ta yi shi ne yafi hakan - 28 gigaflops. Yana iya a lura da cewa irin wannan Manuniya zai iya isa kwakwalwan kwamfuta, kamar Intel Core 2 Duo, kuma Intel Core i3. Akwai shaida da cewa irin ci gaban da aka samu godiya ga developers cewa bi da processor core 4 ƙarin kwakwalwan kwamfuta. Wannan bangaren daukawa fitar da sigina na dijital aiki. Duk da haka, an saka processor m irin yadda kidaya MCST injiniyoyi, halin a ma high hanya saki tsari. Saboda haka, a cikin wadannan model na "Elbrus" da aka maye gurbinsu madadin mafita.

"Elbrus-4C"

A 2014 ya fara da serial samar na gaba microprocessor fitacciyar - "Elbrus-4C." Wannan guntu aka sanya na 65 nm fasaha. Its core (daga gare su, da bi, 4) aiki a mita na 800 MHz. Kowane daga cikinsu yana sanye take da 2 MB na cache memory. Yana yiwuwa a cimma aiki yi na 50 gigaflops. Wannan shi ne kusan guda kamar yadda, misali, da Intel Core i7-975 guntu - 53 gigaflops. Ikon da Rasha guntu - 45 watts. A wannan bangare na abinci mai gina jiki "Elbrus-4C" processor, kamar yadda da yawa masana yi imani, mafi tattali fiye da American ci gaba.

Chip tare 4 tsakiya daga MCST - daya daga cikin mafi m. Inji mai kwakwalwa, kwamfyutocin, sabobin, alewa sanduna - Nau'in na kwakwalwa a cikin abin da CPU za a iya kafa. A gaskiya, a cikin line na kwamfuta da tsarin, wanda kuma ya sa na kamfanin MCST, akwai inji a duk zabi jeri.

"Elbrus-8C"

Da sabuwar processor daga MCST - yana 8 tsakiya "Elbrus-8C". A guntu dogara ne a kan wani misali 28 nm, wanda aka kawo shi zuwa ga duniya jagorancin microprocessor kayayyaki. A cache memory na biyu matakin a kan guntu tsakiya "Elbrus-8C" - 4 MB, na uku - 16 MB. The processor iya aiki tare da kowa misali RAM irin DDR3 1600. A yi na guntu, kamar yadda aka auna da lissafin guda daidaici - 250 gigaflops. The processor 4 yana da wani memory kula. Rate kayan da aka samar domin interprocessor data musayar tashoshi - 16 GB / sec. Award-yi guntu - 250 gigaflops. Kamar yadda shi da dangantaka da wasan kwaikwayon na Rasha duniya analogues processor? Yana iya a lura cewa guntu ne da Intel Core i7 4930K samar game 130-140 gigaflops. Musamman ga latest "Elbrus" sarrafawa ne sabon motherboards, kazalika da wani raba version na OS. Har ila yau, watakila, za a ci gaba a kan wani multiprocessor kwamfuta guntu tushen.

Akwai shaida da cewa ta 2018 da kamfanin zai saki sarrafawa kamar MCST "Elbrus-16C". Da zane iya aiki - 1 teraflops. Yana kuma ana sa ran cewa aiwatar da kwakwalwan kwamfuta, za a dogara ne a kan matsayin na kasa da 28 nm.

guntu al'amurra

Kwararru sun kiyasta bayar da Rasha iri sarrafawa? Reviews na da yawa IT-kwararru, shi za a iya ce, m.

Akwai dalilai da dama. Alal misali, mutane da yawa developers suna alfahari da shi ne gaskiya cewa processor da aka halitta a Rasha, kuma a cikin yanayi inda wani dogon lokaci da tattalin arziki da halin da ake ciki ya ba hali mai aiki ci gaban da IT-masana'antu a irin wannan high-tech kuma high-karshen kashi. A cikin sharuddan yi kimantawa sarrafawa ma kullum tabbatacce.

Akwai wasu comments daga masana suka magance tare da marketing yiwuwa ga kwakwalwan kwamfuta. Don sanya su riba, muna bukatar babban kasuwanni, wanda aka shagaltar da shugabannin duniya. Don gasa tare da su, masana sun ce, ba za ta zama da sauki.

Duk da haka, a cewar wasu manazarta, da sarrafawa "Elbrus" na iya zama mai yiwuwa madadin mafita daga Intel kuma AMD a Rasha Federation, musamman cikin sharuddan soja kayayyaki, a cikin abin da developers sa a gaba mafi stringent bukatun a cikin bangare na AMINCI lantarki da aminci da su yi amfani da. Company MCST, masana sun ce, shi ne iya tabbatar da yarda da ta sarrafawa bisa ga bukatun.

OS "Elbrus"

Ya kamata a lura cewa musamman ga kwamfuta tsarin na MCST a guje a kan processor "Elbrus", wani raba tsarin aiki da aka halitta. Its tushe ne Linux kwaya a cikin version 2.6.33, duk da haka, hõre zurfi da muhimman hakkokin aiki. A sakamakon haka ne Gudun "Elbrus", halin da matakin qarshe na tsaro da kwanciyar hankali a aikin. A cikin halittar da Rasha tsarin aiki da aka tsunduma kwararru na INEUM su. I. S. Bruka.