Ravelin - a ... Famous Rasha ravelins

Ravelin - wannan shi ne daya daga cikin abubuwa na abin da ake kira star Fort cewa ka fito a zamanin zamani (XVII-XIX karni). Mene ne wani ravelin? Mene ne ma'anar wannan kalma? Kuma abin da aiki da shi ya yi aikin a cikin kufaifan?

Abubuwa star Fort

Tare da m ci gaba da manyan bindigogi a cikin XVI karni, hade da bayyanar da akai kyautata na Bastion USAID tsarin. Na da kufaifan da kuma gidãjen kasance ba iya cikakken adawa da sabon fadan bindigogi. A ganuwar birãnensu kawai ba ku kiyaye su iko harin. Saboda haka, da ganuwar fara gina ƙananan-biya firamare da hankali ga su kauri. Tall hasumiyoyin nan da nan maye gurbin gagarumin, wanda a kan lokaci sun zama ƙara manyan kuma da tunani-fita cikin sharuddan form.

Akwai da dama abubuwa (iri) star Fort. Su ne:

• ramparts.
• shãmaki.
• ravelins.
• redyuity.
• da kagara.

Mene ne wani ravelin? Kuma abin da rawar da yake taka a cikin USAID? More game da wannan za a tattauna kara.

Ravelin - a ...

Wannan lokaci ne na Latin (ravelere) ko Italiyanci (ravellino) asali. Da ma'anar "rabin watã" (lafazi dama wuri a kan na karshe syllable) - "rabu" ko "yanka." Wannan shi ne yadda shi za a iya fassara daga Latin.

Ravelin - shi ne, a sama da dukan, an gine-gine lokaci da aka yi amfani da ko'ina a cikin soja al'amura. Wannan karin USAID, dake tsakanin biyu m gagarumin kuma wani moat a gaban kagara. A cikin shirin, shi ne yawanci triangular a siffar.

Mafi sau da yawa Ravelin yana da wani nau'i na iko dutse kewaye da casemates domin ajiye sharpshooters da kuma manyan bindigogi. Bugu da ƙari, cikin tsawo na kewaye ya zama 1-1.5 mita kasa da babban ganuwar da sansanin soja. A USAID ravelins an tsara su don yi da muhimman ayyuka. su ne:

• rufe tsakiyar birnin ganuwar daga kai tsaye manyan bindigogi wuta.
• deter kai farmaki da sojojin abokan gaba.
• taro amfani ga sojoji zuwa counterattack.

Ravelin ne yadu amfani a Turai domin kusan hudu ƙarni (daga XVI ya XIX). Da dama daga cikinsu sun tsira zuwa yanzu, musamman, a kan ƙasa na Rasha.

Known ravelins Rasha

Zai yiwu mafi daukan hankali misalai ravelins a kan ƙasa na zamani Rasha da aka gina a St. Petersburg - Alexis da St. Yahaya. Su ana kiran su da sunayen da dangi na Bitrus, mai girma: bi, a cikin girmamawa da mahaifinsa da ɗan'uwansu, a cikin girmamawa ga sarki. Daya daga cikin su (St. John) za a iya kyan gani, a cikin sansanin soja a yau.

Alexis Ravelin a karshen cikin XIX karni, alas, aka halaka. Abin mamaki, ya yi aiki a matsayin ba kawai tsaron gida tsarin, amma kuma sansanin soja kurkuku. A da shi, da yawa Decembrists da kuma abokan adawar na tsarist gwamnatin da aka sanya. Kurkuku Alexeyev Ravelin dade har 1884.

Wani sanannun Ravelin aka located in Sebastopol. An mai iko USAID da aka gina a 1840 don kare birnin bay daga hare-haren da makiya jiragen ruwa zuwa teku. A ake kira Konstantinovsky baturi Sevastopol ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tarihin sau biyu: a lokacin da Crimean (1854-1855) da kuma yakin duniya na II.

ƙarshe

Ravelin - mai goyon bayan tsarin da mai tsaron gida Fort, wanda aka yi amfani da ko'ina tun tsakiyar XVII karni. Babban ayyuka a wannan makaman biyu: deter maƙiyi kai hare-hare da kuma kare sansanin soja daga maƙiyi manyan bindigogi wuta.