Saita zane - menene wannan? iri scenography

A zuciya na da Theatrical art, bari ya zama sananne ga kowa da kowa, ta dogara ne a kan biyu aka gyara: da masu sana'a wasan na 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da kuma da-ado scenography. Wannan sosai m lokaci, wanda ya hada da wani jam'i na Concepts, kuma shi ne wani ɓangare daga wani Theatrical yi.

Taimaka daga yanzu ƙamus

Je gidan wasan kwaikwayon - yawon shakatawa a cikin wani duniya, wani girma. Me ya sa muke zaton haka? Laifi ne mai sa zane - musamman irin kerawa, wanda ke tsunduma a cikin wasan kwaikwayon zane, samar da cikin da shi da raba lokaci da kuma sarari. By staging ne da abin da aka kewaye da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da kuma' yan wasan kwaikwayo da kansu. Wannan ne bango shimfidar wuri, jingina da daban-daban abubuwa da wanda akwai wani hulda, kayayyaki, masks da kuma kayan shafa. Don daidai sake halin da ake ciki kuma a lokacin da babban mataki, yi amfani da kuma rai halayen (furanni, dabbobi), da kuma na ainihi yau da kullum abubuwa (gaske furniture, zane-zane), da kuma halittun da artists hannunka, cewa shi ne masks, kayayyaki, na wasan kwaikwayo kwaikwayo tituna da kuma gine-gine .

A tushen na tarihi

Scenography kamar yadda art fara fito fili a cikin d ¯ jama'a cewa an hana mataki a matsayin na musamman zane, da kuma 'yan wasan kwaikwayo - a matsayin sana'a. Kakanninmu da karamin jama'a al'adunmu, halittawa daga cikin lokaci kuma hada da misalai, da labaru da kuma epics. Bisa ga kayan quite sau da yawa aikata irin waɗannan abubuwa costumed wasanni. A wannan hanya, an tsare ta "kwayoyin code", wanda dogara ne a kan zamani mataki zane. Wadannan su ne uku ayyuka na tushe, ba tare da wanda ba shi yiwuwa Theatrical samar: of hali, wasa da kuma kayyade scene.

Predstsenografiya da xabi'unsa

Kalmar "predstsenografiya" da aka yi amfani da lokacin da magana game da lokaci kafin na gaba zamanin tsufa, a cikin abin da wasan kwaikwayo da aka bayyana a matsayin cikakken fledged art form. Cavemen, tsoho Majusawa riga ya babba kwarewa a mataki aiki ba, fãce da halitta na wani fundamentally daban-daban daga yau. A sa'an nan saita zane na play a tsakiyar dukan abubuwan da suka faru sa a wasu hali, wanda shi ne babban harafin "fuska." Da farko, wadannan su ne dutse da zane, da madauwari image (NUNA rãnã da Allahntaka), da kuma daban-daban cushe totem. A yi shi ma ba wani wadanda mutane taron, da kuma al'ada a wadda sung by sojojin na yanayi, wuri na bauta wa gumakan da marigayin kakanninsu.

Abin mamaki, daya daga cikin tsohon maguzancin productions ne dace har ma a wannan lokaci! Idan kowa ya ba gane da haka, shi ne al'adar zuwa saka Kirsimeti itace a cikin gidan, ado da shi da kuma fitar da kewaye dance. A ãdalci, mun lura cewa kakanninmu ado madawwama itace kore kadan daban. A totem rataye rassan da mascots da kuma dabbobin da aka miƙa hadaya. Abin farin, mafi duhu lokacin da wannan hadisi a baya, kuma mun ji kawai mafi kyau. Kamar haka nan, idan kana so ka gabatar da kanka a fili kama wani tsoho sa zane na play, kawai fita zuwa tsakiyar square na birni da kuma sha'awan da costumed raye-raye, raye-raye, Kirsimeti carols da sauran Kirsimeti ibada.

Development of wasa aiki

Za mu iya faɗa da cikakkiyar amincewa da cewa a cikin tsufa taso riga cikakken scenography, ko Theatrical-ado art. A wasan kwaikwayo ya hankali zama wadanda mutane taron, dangane da labari ba kawai ibada, kuma bauta wa gumaka, amma kuma yanzu-debo yanayi a rayuwa da kuma a kan mataki ne kawai musamman horar da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo. Haka kuma, akwai wani sabon, wasan sa zane - musamman irin wasan kwaikwayo. Ƙirƙiri farko shimfidar wuri, wasanni da cewa kawo wa gaskiya da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo dinka kayayyaki da kuma masks (yin-up ne har yanzu nisa), don ƙirƙirar da zama dole lighting da kuma kadan musamman effects. A wannan nau'i na wasan kwaikwayo da aka ba kawai a cikin tsufa, amma kuma ta cikin tsakiyar zamanai.

Renaissance - wani zamanin shimfidar wuri Tarurrukan

XV-XVI ƙarni - ba wai kawai cikin zamanin humanism da cewa ya zo bayan da Dark Ages, amma kuma da lokaci domin wanda sosai kafa scenography. Wannan ne lokacin da a wanda ya yi aiki mafi girma artists, sculptors da kuma gine-ginen, yafi Italian. Su sa'an nan ya zama mawallafa na da yawa abubuwa na jingina, wanda ba abu mai yiwuwa ba tare da na yanzu wasan kwaikwayo. Aka yanke shawarar kirkiro domin kowane yi bango ne guda, wasu suna hotuna na Vinci da Michelangelo. Domin da farko lokacin da aiki abar kulawa da Donato Bramante - babban m wanda ya gina wani Theatrical hangen zaman gaba. Foreground aka jefa a kara, da kuma na biyu - dabam m zuwa shafin na mataki da aka bayyana. Daga baya, Sebastiano Serlio, m kuma theoretician shimfidar wuri rarraba a cikin iri uku: comedy, bala'i da kuma pastorals. Bin wadannan m da kuma ka'idojin ayyukan scenography kamar yadda art da kuma samarwa, aiwatuwa a cikin wasan kwaikwayo "Olimpico", wanda aka gina da hannayen Andrea Palladio, Vincenzo.

A mataki tare da sau

A zamani mutum na wasan kwaikwayo nan da nan shirki da kalmar "art", amma mutane na Renaissance kawai samun amfani da wannan bidi'a. Ya kwaikwayon fara bi style cewa shibtarsu da painters da sculptors, kazalika sun gaji babban trends a falsafa da kuma akidarsa. Tun da Renaissance, mun duba, mun je Italian Baroque kuma da fasali. Wadannan sabon akidar Theatrical mataki zane daina zama biyu-girma (foreground 'yan wasan kwaikwayo, a karo na biyu - da shimfidar wuri). Yanzu artists aka kewaye da jingina daga kõwane, da kuma mataki kanta zai iya faru ba kawai a cikin comedy, bala'i, ko pastoral, amma a mafi mutumin "halittu" (a karkashin ruwa, da ƙasar, sama, da girgije, da sauransu. D.).

Daga cikin gargajiya lokaci zuwa zamani

By farkon XVII karni scenography kamar yadda art da kuma samar da bautar wani muhimmin kashi a cikin rãyuwar duk kasashen Turai. Akwai dukan ma'aikata, wanda ƙera Theatrical shimfidar wuri, don haka suka yi dogon kasance mai tsauri kuma malleable. A scene za a iya hada da dama yadudduka ko scaffolding. A cikin igiyoyi sanya rassan itatuwa, da watã, ko da rana, da girgije, har ma da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da kansu, idan ta bukata da rubutun. Kadan muhimmanci binciken na XVIII karni ya da labule, wanda aikin da aka ma a hankali tsara tsarin zanen kaya. Duk wadannan nasarori da aka tattara a cikin wani guda naúrar, don inganta da kuma girma da fasaha ci gaba.

Saboda gaskiya cewa kafa zane - musamman irin art, kuma ba kawai samar da sets da kuma daban-daban Theatrical dabaru, ta canja da stylistically daidaita zuwa kowane shekaru. Hakazalika, music, ko sassaka, epitomising da style of Rococo da Classicism, tunawa da ainihin halaye na romanticism, kuma daga baya - da labarun almara. Up har farkon rabin karni XX wasan kwaikwayo da kuma ta shimfidar wuri mai lakabin da babban stylistic yayi na yanzu epoch, har sai da mutane suka yanke shawara su juya zuwa baya. Hakika, mutane a yau ba komawa zuwa ruwan tekun Atlantika shimfidar wuri, a akasin haka, da fasaha kayan aiki na wani, ko da mafi sauki daga cikin wasan kwaikwayo, ne mafi zama nagartaccen. Amma da saitin, shafin na mataki, da haruffa - duk wannan ya sau da yawa wani bayanin bygone yanayi dazamani. Yau za mu iya ganin wani play a game da rayuwar tsoho mutane ko al'umma game da nasarorin da Renaissance lokaci. Akwai wasanni a cikin avant-garde style, m kuma surreal, ko aikata muka nuna iyakar da labarun almara.

Mene ne na musamman game da zamani wasan kwaikwayo?

A cikin wadannan 'yan shekaru da cewa, sa zane - musamman irin art, saboda masana'antu ne ragu a gidan wasan kwaikwayo a sahun gaba. A wasu hanyoyi da shi ko da rufe muhimmancin aiki (gafarta babban Maestro) da kuma ba da wani sabon sunan - mataki zane. A manyan productions gina shimfidar wuri, mataki zane da kuma halittar dole yanayi ciyar kudi mai yawa da kuma kokarin. A tsari za a hannu jagorancin designers, da magina, da kuma duk da wannan kokarin kawai saboda yi. Hakazalika, aiki a kan images of stylists da kuma 'yan wasan kwaikwayo - ne a hankali zabi kayayyaki da kuma kayan shafa.

iri scenography

Ku kiyaye wannan lokaci, da yadda ya zuwa yanzu tako gaba, ta zamani, gidan wasan kwaikwayo na iya zama a cikin yawan ma'aikata da suka yi aiki a kan samar da shimfidar wuri domin kowane yi. Idan a baya don ƙirƙirar da dama yanayi gayyace, sai su yi magana, duniya masu sana'a, wanda a wani ɗan gajeren lokaci don fassara cikin gaskiya da kayayyaki, da kuma jingina bango saitin, amma yanzu da aiki ya kasu kashi da yawa masana'antu. Saboda haka akwai daban-daban na mataki zane, da kuma abin da suka kasance da wanda yake aiki a kan su, mu a yau fuskanci shi.

• Sarari spectacle firam. A wasu kalmomin, wannan shi ne tushen duk wani saitin cewa bukatar gaban daya ko fiye dabam, ado da scaffolding, da kuma karin na'urorin (ladders, igiyoyi, aminci kyãwãwa da sauransu. D.). Ba shi da wuya a tsammani cewa wannan aiki ke zuwa gine-ginen da kuma sãka wamãkirci.
• A bayyanar duk, abin da yake a cikin play. Ga alhakin ta'allaka da samar da zanen da kayan shafa artist. Sewed kayayyaki, numfasawa rayuwa cikin jingina, mataki ne sanya da kuma haifar da zama dole sarari-lokaci yanayi.
• Nau'i na uku na sa zane - An directing. Shi ne ke da alhakin jawo mizanstsenichesky, adjusts da ma'auni na 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da kuma mataki short plays a da dama yi da kuma kula da dukan motsi.

Mutumin zamani iya cewa yawan ma'aikata a cikin wasan kwaikwayo, kazalika da aras inganci da labarun almara da shimfidar wuri a fili na baya zuwa cinematic. Amma, a kan daidaita, mun lura cewa wannan aiki shi ne ma babban. Kuma abu ne mai wuya da kakanninmu, da suke ciki tare da darektan, m, darektan da kaya zanen duk birgima cikin daya, da ake zargi da cewa a cikin ƙarni na kokarin da suke girma cikin wani abu kyau.

Wasan kwaikwayo - Business kwararru hannu

Koyi ma'adanin na wasan kwaikwayo wasanni na iya zama a manyan makarantu, amma wannan ne musamman tsara don dalibai da suka kammala karatu a kawai daga makaranta. A scenography baiwa samun mutanen da suka riga da m kwarewa a cikin masana'antu, da gidan wasan kwaikwayo ko sinima, ko su ne mambobi na m fasahohin. Sharudda ga selection ne cewa mutumin da ya ba shi da wani takamaiman m tushe a baya, shi ne kawai ba su iya wuce ƙofar jarrabawa da kuma, mafi muhimmanci, shi ba ya daga ƙarƙashinsu a cikin shakka, saboda an zaci cewa kayan yau da kullum na duk dalibai ne riga ya saba da. Za mu iya cewa da horo sa zane - kunkuntar specialization, wanda karfafawa wani memba na zane-zane, ko, a akasin haka, da nufin waƙa da wanda yake a cikin search na "I".

Hakika batutuwa

A Faculty of scenography akwai kome superfluous, amma jerin tarbiyya ne har yanzu quite m. Malamai jayayya da cewa shi ne mai larura, ta hanyar abin da digiri za ta samu cikakken kewayo na ilimi da kuma za su iya rike wadanda ba misali da musamman don kara aiki a wannan yanki. Daga cikin abubuwa da muka lissafa da wadannan:

• A tarihin wasan kwaikwayo.
• History of styles.
• A tarihin dance.
• Basics haske.
• Basics na sauti.
• hawa tushe.
• Directing da kuma aiki ne.
• Littafi art.
• Wasan kwaikwayo zane.
• Technology kayayyaki da kuma kayan shafa.

Ya kamata kuma a lura da cewa a cikin Faculty of matsakaicin lissafi na cikin bukatun da dalibai. Mutane da yawa dalibai riga da wani aiki a cikin wasan kwaikwayo ko sinima, ko a layi daya ne da sauran fannoni. Saboda haka, azuzuwan da ake gudanar da yamma lokaci, ko dauki kan da karshen mako.

Saduwa da gine-gine

Daga gefe alama cewa da m sana'a tana nufin ainihin sciences da kawai da mugun rinjayar da filin na art. Amma staging baiwa digiri ginin makarantu sau da yawa fada, kuma a nan ne me ya sa. Gaskiyar cewa wasan kwaikwayo shi ne kusan ba zai yiwu a yi ba tare da wani m. Kawai ya iya intelligently tsara mataki, ba da nauyi da kuma girma na scaffolding, da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo, da sets da kuma furniture. Abin da yake da muhimmanci - da ya yi shi duk a cikin m daidai da m ideas. Gine-ginen wasan kwaikwayo kuma sau da yawa yi rawar da designers, aiwatar da scene da kuma biya musamman da hankali ga kowane kananan daki-daki.

lura zuwa

Don zama wani dalibi na mataki zane ba ya bukatar ya shirya domin gwajin ko da m rubuta martani. Tun kawai wani m sana'a, jarrabawa, ko, kamar anan so a ce, da hirar da za a yi na wani dage farawa-baya hali. Yana da muhimmanci a samar da membobin hukumar fayil shaidawa game da kwarewa a daya daga cikin m filayen.

Ya kamata kuma a shirya wani impromptu tambayar jũna. Malamai za ku yi sha'awar sani ga abin da yake a gare ku tushen wahayi, don me ka shirya yi a sashen, yadda kuke gani your nan gaba a fagen scenography da kake shirye su fuskanci al'amurran da suke mafi muhimmanci a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo.

Uku na tilas m yanayin - m aiki. Dole ne ka ƙirƙiri wani zane na scenography na wani samfurin, ko da almara waka. Da dabara na kisa da aiki, zabi cikakken wani, shi ba kome. Zai tantance your kerawa, ikon amfani abu. Yana taka rawar da individuality to your aiki, don haka shi ne mafi alhẽri gumi a kan ta exclusivity da kuma zama da marubucin na wani m ra'ayin. A kan takarda a haɗe kafofin wahayi, kazalika da gajeren labarin game da dalilin da ya sa ka yanke shawarar nuna wannan musamman sanarwa, da kuma cewa shi wahayi zuwa gare ka.

yiwuwa ga masu digiri

Bayan karbar coveted diploma, za ka iya zama memba na daya daga cikin wadannan fasahohin:

• Production zanen.
• Costume.
• Zanen events.
• Saita zanen fashion nuna da kuma kide.
• Saita zanen na nune-nunen da kuma sauran kayan gargajiya ayyukan.
• Aiki a filin na zamani art - artist, zanen, kuma haka a kan ..

Kamar yadda ka gani, tare da wannan ilimi, da samun matsayi a matsayin yiwu ba kawai a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo. A duk ya dogara a kan m basira, da kuma tunanin dadin dandano.

Lalle ne shĩ, wasan kwaikwayo ne ma'adanin - a wani babban hanyar da style. Ya hits da tabo ba ga kowa da kowa, amma shanku kawai gaskiya connoisseurs a cikin zuciya. Ya aka imbued tare da ruhun baya kuma ya sa samar da wani m yanayi na bikin da kuma idi.