Samuwar, Labarin
Sarakuna na Faransa. Tarihi na Faransa. List of Faransa wadanada
Sarakunan Faransa da aka kai tsaye da hannu a cikin ci gaban wannan babbar kasa. Its tarihi Dates baya ga farko Millennium BC. Da farko, a cikin ƙasa na zamani a jihar mu rayu kabilan Celts, da kuma babban adadin Greek mazauna located a bakin teku. A cewar tsoho kafofin, kusan lokaci guda Yuliyu Tsezaryu ya iya iko da yankin ƙasar da sanaki da Gauls. Babban kwamandan har ma ya ba da sunan gano ƙasashe - Gallia Komachi. Bayan fall Faransa a Roma aka canza kama zuwa wata jiha a shirye, kuma su, bi da bi, aka hanzari share ta Franks.
masana tarihi version
A halin yanzu shi yarda da cewa nan gaba Faransa zo a kan ƙasa na yammacin Turai daga Black Sea. Suka fara populate ƙasa, daga cikin sosai bankuna na Rhine. Lokacin da Julian Franks ya sararin yankunan ƙasar, ba tare da wani kasa babbar sha'awa suka fara gano kudancin yankin. By da 420 th shekara na masu rinjaye na Franks haye Rhine. Da shugaban ya Pharamond.
Sauran a kan bankunan Kogin Somme maza jagorancin dansa Chlodio. Akwai ya kafa mulkin Franks. A babban birnin kasar da aka ayyana Turin. A 'yan shekarun da Chlodio dan yanke shawarar a kan samuwar sarauta line. Wannan mutumin sunansa - masu unguwanni da kuma mambobi na daular Qing kafa sun fara da za a kira da Merovingians. Wannan yadda labarin ya samo asali sarakunan Faransa.
Bugu da ari, aukuwa
A karo na biyar karni Korol Hlodvig farko muhimmanci kumbura da ikon mallakar francs. Yanzu sun mika ga Loire da Seine. Sarakunan Faransa ya zama cikakken sarakunan dukan babba da kuma tsakiyar Rhine. A 469 Clovis yanke shawarar canza addini. Shi da yawa batutuwa zama Kiristoci. Sai ya taimaka ga inganta yaki da shugabanni na dabbanci, waɗanda suke ɗaukar tare da su karkatacciyar koyarwa. Bayan rasuwar Sarkin ƙasar ya yi nasara da aka raba tsakanin maza hudu. Daga bisani, zuriyar Clovis mika su da iko a kan Gaul, Bavaria, Alemannia da Thuringia.
ƙungiyar
Daya ɗari da hamsin francs jihar kõma ta yankin hadin kai. Clotaire II - da jarumi Sarkin France, wanda ya kasa gane cewa kawai bai yi kuskure ya sa magabata. Lokacin da ikonsa ya sararin mulkin siyasa jam'iyya da yawa gwamnonin, kuma baya samu cikin sunayen sarauta na kirga. Sa'an nan, ya zama mai mulki na Dagobert I.
Abin baƙin ciki, da 'ya'yansa ba su sa a zuciyar ikon jihar ba, amma saboda bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa haka wuya hadade ƙasa aka sake zuwa kashi hudu sassa. Sa'an nan ya bi da jerin yakin basasa, saboda jikokin iya ba shirya cewa wanda zai samu. Saboda da akai jayayya francs iko a kan Bavaria, Alemannia, Thuringia, kuma Aquitaine aka rasa.
tabarbarewar
A cikin ƙarni na bakwai, ya bayyana cewa sarakunan Faransa da aka hanzari dauki matsayi. Su daina mallakar real iko. Da ragamar ikon wuce a hannun Magajin garin na fada. Last sarakuna, suka kasance cikin Merovingian daular, Faransa da kansu kira "m". A tsawon lokaci, da matsayi zama magajin gari na fada gaji. All zo ga ƙarshe cewa su daular a cikin ikon kama up tare da sarki.
A wannan batun, da ƙarfi ayyana kansa da shugaban kagara Pepin na Herstal. A 680, hannunwansa ketare a dama gwamnati na dukan Frankish mulkin. By lokacin da aka o arin da m sarki Theodoric III.
Ana zargin wani sabon daular
A 751, Paparoma Zachary ya nemi taimako ga magajin gari na fada Pepin. Yana bai kasance yiwu ba tare da wannan shan kashi na Lombards. A godiya ga su taimako Zachary Pepin yi musu wa'adi da kambin sarauta. A tsohon hukuma a lokacin da m Childeric III ya yi murabus.
Saboda haka akwai sarakunan Faransa, dake wakiltar Carolingian daular. An suna bayan Karla Velikogo, wanda shi ne dan Pepin da Short. Duk da haka, ko da a gaban shigarwa na Charles zuwa kursiyin ubansa mayar da oda a cikin Frankish mulkinsa, kuma ya lashe Aquitaine da Thuringia. Bugu da kari, ya ya iya jefa a kan gudu daga cikin Larabawa, wanda shagaltar Gaul, da kuma daukar Septimania. Yana da aka aza kyau kwarai kafuwar ga bunkasa da ci gaba da mulkin.
Karl - King na Faransa, wanda ya iya cimma ko da more. Ya ƙwarai fadada da kan iyakoki na kasar. Saboda haka francs a jihar a arewa-maso-gabas da aka mika ga Elbe, to gabas - zuwa Austria da Croatia, a kudu maso yammacin - ga Arewa na Spain, da kuma kudu-maso-gabas - zuwa Arewa na Italiya. Bayan wani lokaci, Paparoma Leo III lashe Charlemagne kamar yadda Roman sarki.
Duk da haka, kasancewar daular dade ba. Rule da kawai Louis mãsu taƙawa (dan Charles). Bayan mutuwarsa, magada amince da hannu cikin yarjejeniyar da Verdun. Wannan ya faru a shekara ta 843. Saboda haka, Karl daular aka kasu kashi uku sassa - Lorraine, Gabas Francia (daga baya Jamus) da kuma West-Frankish jihar (zamani France).
A karshe wakilin Carolingian daular - Louis da V - mutu a 987. Direct magada aka ba, saboda haka, nasara da mai nĩsa dangi na sarki - Gugo Kapet. Ya kasance cikin Count Duke na Prague da kuma Faransa. A sabon monarch hadu da goyon bayan da limaman. Tun wannan lokacin, jihar da ya tsirfanta ta ba sunan - France. An haife ni a sabon daular - Capet. Its wakilan mulkin kasar kusan takwas ƙarni (a Valois da Bourbon rẽshensa asusu).
Canje-canje a ko'ina cikin
Change shugabanni suka kai ga wani canji na a tsarin siyasa. Faransa ya juya a cikin wani classic mulkin gargajiya jihar. Duk da haka, sarki rabo ya unenviable: karkashin kai tsaye dalĩli ya wani karamin yanki kusa da babban birnin kasar - Paris. All sauran yankuna da tare da shi a talakansa dangantaka. Sau da yawa fiye da iko da gwamnan yankin shi ya kasance aukaka kuma da iko fiye da sarki. Shi ya sa babu daya ko mafarkin da venturing tayarwa gāba da data kasance tsarin mulki.
m lokaci
Tara da goma karni, ya zama alama ce ga kasar. A wannan lokacin, a arewacin Faransa Coast fara da za a dasa a cikin manyan yawa Vikings. Sun kafa da Duchy na Normandy, kuma bayan yunkurin kama daga Paris, amma ga wani wadãtar. Warlike Vikings gudanar ya tabbatar da kanta a Ingila a 1066, William (Duke na Normandy) gudanar ya kama da Turanci kursiyin. Daga baya da ya kafa a daular da Normans.
goma sha biyu karni
Henry II - English hikima m wanda ya gudanar ya zama mafi m mulkin gargajiya ubangijina. Ya sanya na yau da kullum tafiye-tafiye da kuma taba koma zuwa su hearth da kuma gida da komai a hannunsu. Bugu da kari, ya sanya wasu sosai m aure da kuma nasara Normandy, Aquitaine, Brittany da Guyenne. Sallama zuwa gare shi, kuma County na Anjou. Duk da haka, da magada na da babban m ba zai iya yarda a kan wani ikon-sharing. Jayayya sa da weakening na jihar. Faransa Sarki Philip ya yi amfani da halin da ake ciki. Ya yi nasara da kusan dukan lardunan. Ƙarƙashin ikon Ingila riƙe kawai Guyenne.
goma sha uku karni
Wannan karni yi sa'a ga Faransa. Sarakunan France, wanda shi ne wani jerin duk Extended, gudanar da goyon bayan popes, sa'an nan gabagaɗi, jũya sunã kuzari kan Cathar Litattafansu. A sakamakon haka, da Languedoc da aka ci nasarar, amma Flanders bai rakumi.
ta goma sha huɗu karni
A 1314 da ya shige daga Philip da Fair - Sarkin Faransa daga Capetian daular. Ya haifi 'ya'ya uku da kuma daya' yar. Isabella gudanar ya aure Edward II - English m. Abin baƙin ciki, duk da 'ya'yan Philip aka haife kawai' yan mata, don haka da cewa Faransa fuskanci wani dynastic rikicin, a lõkacin da duk kai tsaye zuriyar wani namiji sami madawwami sauran.
Manyansu yi zaben sabon shugaban. An juya ta Filipp Valua. Edward Uku - dan Isabel - kokarin roko wannan shawara, amma Salic Dokar kan canja wurin da kursiyin ta hanyar da mace line ne tsananin haramta. A sakamakon gamsu shi ne shekara ɗari War. Success tare sa'an nan France, sa'an nan Ingila. Duk da haka, da rashin tabbas bace a lokacin da sojojin dauki kan reins talented kwamandan Henry V. A lokaci guda a kan gadon sarautar Faransa Charles IV na tafi, da kyau a san shi da rashin daidaituwa. Soja amfani karshe da aka sanya wa Burtaniya.
1415 aka alama da shan kashi na sojojin Faransa a Agincourt. Heinrich V triumphantly shiga Paris. Sarkin da aka tilasta amince da magaji dan Henry na biyar.
A 1429 ya aka lashe Charles VII. Ya aka yaba da Faransa jam'iyya. Wannan shi ne saboda da duniya, kammala tare da Charles na Burgundy. A 1437, sai aka mayar da su zuwa Paris a 1450 - Normandy a 1453 - Guyenne, a 1477 - Burgundy, sa'an nan Brittany. Kawai Calais zauna a karkashin mulkin na Biritaniya.
Francis - Sarkin France, wanda ya hau gadon sarautar, a 1515. Mahaifinsa Count Angulenskim, a dan uwan na Louis na sha biyu. The m kira ga zaman majalisar na kwangila kammala tare Henry Sabunta. The King of Navarre yi nufin reconquer mulkin Castile a kuma dauki Duchy na Milan, tare da goyon bayan Venice. A karkashin ya jagoranci, da mararraba na Grand Canyon Argentiyskoe zuwa Italiya da aka yi. Warriors canjawa wuri manyan bindigogi a kan hannayensa, kuma ya busa duwatsu su yi musu da hanyarsu. Francis ga gaci da Savoy da Duchy na Milan. Ta hanyar wannan yakin sarki aka sani a matsayin mai gaskiya gwarzo. Ya ko da ya fara kwatanta da Kaisar.
Henry 2 - King na Faransa, wanda sarautar fara a watan Maris 1547. Ya yi kokari dukan hanyoyin da za a rabu da Protestantism.
Sarkin Faransa, Henry da wani magaji. Duk da haka, a lokacin da mahaifinsa ya mutu ne kawai shekaru goma da haihuwa. Duk da haka, ya koma a kan karaga, Karl 9. The King of Faransa shi ne na karshe memba na HALITTAR Valois. Har 1563 uwarsa - Ekaterina Medichi - amsa kamar yadda regent. A zamanin mulkin Charles Tara aka alama ta da yawa m events, daga cikinsu da yakin basasa da kuma St. Bartholomew (da taro wargajewa na Huguenots).
Bayan isowa daga cikin Habsburgs to ikon rikicin fara a kasar. A lokacin samun canji, Protestants ta ƙara lambar. Ƙara, akwai wata gaba da tsakanin wakilan daban-daban na zamantakewa strata. "Doka na Toleration", an yanke shawarar buga domin maido da zaman lafiya. Duk da yake da dokoki na Henry Uku. Ya aka kashe a 1589. Ya da wani magada, don haka kursiyin Genrih Navarrsky (hudu). Ya koma daga Protestant bangaskiya zuwa Katolika domin kauce wa zubar da jini. Duk da haka, da sauri dakatar da 'yan adawa har yanzu bai faru ba.
XVII-XVIII karni,
A wannan lokacin da kasar da aka kafa absolutism. Bayan Louis 13, ya koma kursiyin Louis 14 Sarki na Faransa ƙarfafa ƙasa wakkala a gare shi. A kasar ta zama mafi iko a Turai. Yana Ya ƙãra saboda Bugu da kari na Burgundy, West Flanders da Artois. Bayyanar da farko mazauna a Arewacin Amirka da kuma a Indiya ma bayar Louis 14 Sarki na Faransa gina da m na sarki da tsare-tsaren, amma shekaru bakwai War da shawara na Austria maye ba zai yale shi ya cimma da ake so. A sakamakon haka, iko da dukkan mazauna aka rasa.
A 1715, ya hau kan karaga, Louis 15 - Sarkin France, wanda ya zama na Bourbon daular. A wannan lokacin ya kasance ne kawai shekaru biyar da haihuwa. Sun m ya kula da regent Filipp Orleansky. Ya kasance da manufofin da Louis 14, don haka kawance da Ingila da kuma ya tafi yaki tare da Spain. Ko bayan da shekaru matasa mulki ta ikon ya zauna a hannun kawunsa Philip. A 1726, Louis 15, har yanzu ya bayyana cewa daukan reins, amma a gaskiya kasar da aka mulki ta hanyar Cardinal Fleury. Wannan dade har 1743. Lura cewa m sarautar Louis 15th a kan kasar mafi shafa raunana.
A karshen karni na sha takwas alama farkon haske. Faransa ya a cikin hannãyenku daga cikin monarch. Policy na sabon sarki - Louis XVI - ya haifar da matsalar tattalin arziki, da yunwa da kuma dakushe na noma. A sakamakon babban taron na MDD Staff (1789), da ikon da ke cikin majalisar dokoki. Its mambobi sun a cikin ni'imar da abolition na mulkin gargajiya, da mutuncinsu, da haramcin da tsada da kuma limaman Kirista da dukkan gata, kazalika ga kau na Church daga jihar al'amura.
A kasar da aka raba sashen (total 83). Korol Lyudovik gudu, amma aka kama da kuma mayar da su zuwa kasar. The title na Sarkin Faransa, ya rasa. Ya aka partially sãka maras muhimmanci ikon: Louis aka bai wa lakabi na Faransa sarki. Ya vetoed da dama da sabon dokoki, amma ba su sami goyon bayan tsakanin yawan jama'a. Ba da da ewa Louis aka zarge shi da laifin cin amanar kasa. Ya aka kashe a 1793.
A kan hanyar zuwa kasar
} Asashe da dama, ya jagoranci da sarauta daular, suka yi yaƙi da Faransa. A 1799, a karkashin umurnin Napoleon Bonaparte ta grand juyin mulkin soja da aka shirya. The yawan wannan kamfani da aka gana da yabo saboda fararen hula riga wajen gaji da m yãƙi a cikin sau daya natsuwa birni.
Bisa ga sakamakon zaben raba gardama da aka gudanar a 1802, Napoleon da aka bai da rayuwa take na farko Consula. Ya sauri aikatã game da duk abokan adawar da tsiwirwirinsu Unlimited iko. A kasar ya zama wani daular mulkinsu. A 1804, Napoleon aka lashe. Ba da da ewa a Austerlitz sun ci su da sojojin na Austria. A 1806, Faransa ba a Prussia.
Flushed tare da cin nasarar yaki da Napoleon ayyana nahiyar kawancen na Ingila. A 1807, Birtaniya kira ga taimako daga Rasha. Napoleon, shi bai dame, ya farincikin yarda da wani sabon abokin gaba da sararin ƙasa, wanda yanke shawarar kai a duk abin da ya. A cikin kaka na 1812 da sojojin Faransa sun riga a Moscow. Yana da jũna da cewa Rasha ya auku. Amma Kutuzov juya ta zama mai hikima fiye da Bonaparte. A sakamakon haka, Faransa sojojin sha kaye. Daga cikin zarar mai girma sojojin sun m crumbs.
A 1814, Faransa da aka bar ba tare da wani m - Napoleon abdicated. An yanke shawarar komawa da ragamar mulki a hannun Bourbons. Ya zama sarki Louis XVIII. Ya sanya kowane kokarin mayar da tsohon tsari, amma Faransa sun kaucewa gaba da shi. Sa'an nan Napoleon, tattara dubu sojoji, ya tafi don sake samu iko. Ya ya iya aiwatar da shirin. Duk da haka, a taron na wadanada a Vienna, an yanke shawarar zuwa yi kambi daga m yaki. A karshen, Napoleon aka fitar ga tsibirin St. Helena.
Sarakunan France, wani jerin wanda bayan Bonaparte har yanzu a bayansa da, yi mulki a da wuya matuƙa yanayi. Saboda haka, Napoleon II aka kifar 'yan kwanaki bayan da hawan zuwa kursiyin, Louis Philippe aka tilasta nan da nan rabuwa lakabi na girmamawa da kuma zama Sarkin Faransa, amma ba ta Faransa. Napoleon III da aka dauka fursuna a Prussia da kuma hambararren. Hukumomi a sake sun zama sarakuna, amma dage farawa da'awar da kursiyin Charles X, Henry V kuma Philip VII sun ba su iya yarda a tsakãninsu. shugabanni da kambi da aka sayar a wasu sassa a 1885. France zama jamhuriyar.
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