Shugaban kasar Martin Van Buren: biography

Future shugaban kasar Amurka Martin Van Buren aka haife shi a watan Julin 1782. An haife shi a kauyen Kinderhuk. A da Dutch gari ba nisa daga New York. Martin mahaifina shi ne bawa mai da shi daga cikin tavern. Tare da Van Buren asalin alaka da wasu daga cikin "shugaban records." Alal misali, ya kasance da kawai American shugaban kasa, wanda harshe yake ba Turanci, da kuma Yaren mutanen Holland. Har ila yau, Martin Van Buren ya shugaban farko haife shi a New Independent Amirka.

harkar siyasa

A 1821, Van Buren an zabe shi a majalisar dattijai. Ya sheƙa da gudu daga Democratic-Jam'iyyar Republican a New York. Dalili na siyasa shirin shi ne babban haraji da kuma zargi da shawara ba jihohin ƙasar da take ta dukan jihar.

Martin Van Buren ya zama abõkin Endryu Dzheksona. A lokacin da a 1829 ya zama shugaban kasa na Amurka, ya sanya wani Sanata sakataren gwamnati. A Buren da yawa rikice-rikice da abokan aiki. Saboda wannan, shekaru biyu baya Jackson nada shi jakadan London. Ba da da ewa siyasa koma kasarsa (cewa bukaci a majalisar dattijai). A 1832, Martin Van Buren ya sake wani dan takarar mataimakin shugaban kasa a karkashin Andrew Jackson. Democrats lashe zaben. Bayan haka, Van Buren wani shekaru hudu ya na biyu mutum a jihar.

Zaben shugaban kasar

A 1836 Van Buren kansa gudu ga shugaban kasar da kuma lashe uku abokan adawar, ya zama magajin Jackson. The matsayi a cikin M Office , ya shiga a cikin watan Maris na 1837. Van Buren riƙe a key gwamnatin matsayi na kusan dukan mutanen da ya yi aiki a karkashin ya gada.

New-tsohon gwamnatin da za a magance sakamakon tsoro a 1837 - shi ne na yau da kullum sunan da aka sa'an nan fãta shimfiɗaɗɗa a Amurka tattalin arziki da rikicin. Matsalar kai da ganiya lokacin, bayan shekaru biyar na koma bayan tattalin arziki a kasar ya tafi fatara da dama bankuna da kuma sikelin da rashin aikin yi da kai rikodin matakan.

Matsaloli da kasawa

A matsayin shugaban kasa, Martin Van Buren aniya kare low tariffs da kuma yancin cinikayya. Babban hankali ya biya zuwa matsaloli na kudancin Amirka, wanda support ya muhimmanci don kula da iko a cikin jam'iyyar. Shugaban kasa ya iya ya halicci wani bond tsarin, wanda manufarsa shine don daidaita kasa bashi.

Duk da kokarin da Van Buren, ya Democratic Party da ke cikin rikicin. Shi ne mai tsaga sa ta bambanta rarrabuwar ra'ayoyi kan yadda za a magance matsalolin tattalin. A kai tsaye sakamakon wannan rikici ciki shi ne gazawar da shugaban ƙoƙarin kawo wa rai da ra'ayin "Independent baitul." A cewar Van Buren, ya wajaba ga kasar zuwa rarrabe jama'a kudi na m bankuna. A 1840, wani raba Democratic Party ƙaryata doka, wadda ta kasance m siyasa shan kashi na White House.

bautar

Duk da yake Van Buren yi aiki a majalisar dattijai, ya zabi a cikin ni'imar da wani aiki anti-bauta tunanin (misali, domin gaskiyar cewa Missouri ne ba a gane bawa jihohi). Duk wannan ya ba da siyasa a wasu suna. A 1848, ya iya zama wani dan takarar shugaban kasa na "Free Kasar gona Party" (tsaye ga cikakken abolition na bauta).

Duk da baya jerin, zama shugaban kasa, Van Buren ya da ɗan canja da wuri. A matsayin shugaban kasa, ya yi imani da cewa bauta ba ne kawai sanctioned da kundin tsarin mulki, amma kuma inherently daidai. Ko da a cikin ja da baya, ya sake soki bautar da matsayi na baki yawan jama'a. Tun Van Buren kansa a zahiri ya Dutch, daga yara ya koya don sadarwa tare da mutane daban-daban na kabilanci da kuma zamantakewa kungiyoyin. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa shi ne a mutunta mutane da yawa da kuma ya samu nasara a wani wuri mataki na siyasa aiki, lokacin amfani da fara'a sanya shi ga White House. A lokacin shugabancin Van Buren ya shahara bawa tawaye a kan jirgin "Amistad" (wannan taron da aka sadaukar da eponymous film Stivena Spilberga).

lashe Harrison

A 1840 Van Buren sake zama dan takarar na jam'iyyar Democrat a wani sabon zaben. A lokaci guda, kamfanin ya ci gaba da zargi da shugaba ga wuya halin da ake ciki a cikin tattalin arziki da kuma rashin cin nasara to gyara wannan halin da ake ciki. Tuni a cikin primary municipalities nuna cewa shahararsa na jam'iyyar Democrat ya ki gunaguni ƙwarai. Duk da haka, Martin Van Buren, wanda biography da jũna yarda da mafi jam'iyyun, ya dan takarar na sake zaben zuwa fadar White House.

A babban abokin hamayyarsa na shugaba ya juya ga Janar Uilyam Garrison, wanda ya wakilci Whigs. Van Buren aka ci. Cewa ban kwana ga fadar White House, ya ce ya sami saki cewa rayuwarsa ya kasance cikin farin ciki da murna kwana biyu: ranar da ya shiga M Office, kuma da yini a lõkacin da ya bar shi.

Abin mamaki, First Lady of Amurka a 1837-1841 ta. Yana da aka ba matar na farko da mutum, da kuma 'yarsa. Martin Van Buren, wanda iyali tsira da bala'i a 1819, ya zama gwauro bayan mutuwar matarsa, Hannatu. Shugaban ya ɗan Ibrahim. Matarsa, Angelica ( 'yar shugaban kasar) da kuma zama na First Lady. Wannan shi ne wani na kwarai hali a tarihin Amurka.

'yan shekarun nan

Bayan rasa ikon, Van Buren ya sanya da dama yunkurin lashe zaben shugaban kasar. Dukan su gaza. Ko da yake kusan dukkan abokan adawar na bauta a cikin 1850s shiga sabuwar Jam'iyyar Republican, tsohon shugaban bai yi shi kuma kasance a cikin sahu na jam'iyyar Democrat. A 1852 ya goyan bayan gabatarwa na Franklin Pierce, da kuma a 1856 - James Buchanan.

Lokacin da Amurka yakin basasa ya fara, Van Buren ya fito fili ya sanar da biyayya ga Union (watau cikin jihohin arewacin} asar). Ya kuma zama abokin aiki na Lincoln, wanda aka ƙoƙarin dakatar da sãɓãni kawai sabõda tare da ta Kudu. A 1861, Van Buren ta kiwon lafiya ya fara deteriorate. A cikin kaka, ya zo tare da ciwon huhu. Yuli 24, 1862 siyasa mutu daga fuka yana da shekaru 79 da shekaru. Takwas da shugaban kasar Amurka, aka binne shi a ƙasarsa ta Kinderhuke (ibid dukan kusantar dangi da aka binne).

Shi ne m cewa a cikin tarihi daga cikin shahararrun bar wani Martin Van Buren Bates. Ya kasance mamaki giant (tare da ci gaban da 241 santimita), wanda ya rayu a cikin XIX karni da kuma zama m godiya ga zagaya duniya. Dame shi tare da shugaban kasa, duk da haka, ba daidai ba ne.