Soja labari 1715: wani janar Siffar

A May 1715 Bitrus I karo na farko a cikin Rasha Empire bayar da wani soja procedural laifi code, kuma shi ke kira Soja Mataki na ashirin da 1715.

Menene wannan

Wannan labarin da aka ci gaba da Sarkin sarakuna ga halittar da management na yau da kullum da sojojin. Ya kunshi 24 surori, wanda ya kasu kashi 209 articles, ko kamar yadda aka kira su - domin abu. Kowane labarin da aka supplemented da fassarori da bayani. Suna kunshe a cikin kashi na biyu na doka na wani Rasha soja.

A gaskiya ma, labarin 1715 soja - laifi dokar, wani code na dokokin bayar ga azãba ga mai laifi.

Wannan daftarin aiki ya aiki har sai da ta sarautar Nicholas I, wanda Ya halitta nasu dokokin for soja iko. Su kira wani code na dokokin.

Babban ka'idodinta daftarin aiki

Bari mu bincika wani soja labarin 1715 na da halaye takaice ya nuna cewa manyan ka'idojin da suke da abinda ke ciki na wannan jikin dokar: m alhaki manufar azãba, manufar laifuka, soja laifuffuka da kuma jerin, kazalika da kafa bugun fanareti a gare su. Jerin ya hada da mutane da yawa daga cikin matsalolin:

• wanda shi ne mai laifi da kuma cewa zargi.
• definition na zama dole kuma a Tsaro, kazalika da tattalinsu a kan azãba sabõda su yi amfani da;
• jerin muni da mitigating hali .
• division da laifukan cikin Categories;
• laifi rarrabe, saukarwa da kuma raba azãba ga kowane daga cikinsu.

Kamar yadda aka halitta daftarin aiki

Idan ka ƙirƙiri labarin Rasha sarki yawa guzuri aro daga} asar waje, kafofin. Alal misali, da farko labarin ya yi amfani da Swedish Gustav Adolf 1683rd. Sa'an nan, ya yi amfani da Jamus na sarki dokokin, da dokoki, da kuma Danish Dutch shugabanni, da farillai na Louis XIV. A sakamakon da aka muhimmanci canja da tsarin hukunci.

Soja Mataki na ashirin da 1715 shirya kansa sarki da m ainihi na ministoci (ciki har da sakataren Makarov), da kuma daftarin ya da wani tari na daban-daban kafofin daga kasashen waje.

Don wanda ya aikata da dokar

Soja Mataki na ashirin da 1715, a sifofinsu wanda ya nuna cewa shi ne na farko a cikin tarihin na majalisu jikin laifi dokar da cewa ma'anar da shugabanci na doka a kan laifuffukan yaki. Irin wannan daftarin aiki ya kamata a yi amfani a cikin soja kotu. Bugu da kari ga shugabanni da maza na iko iya zama mutum a lura da sojojin.

Duk da haka, a cikin labarin bayanawa azãba sabõda laifi ayyukan fararen hula - sata, fyade, fashi da makami da kisan kai, don haka shi ne sau da yawa a kan yi amfani da jama'a kotu.

Babban arziki da daftarin aiki

Soja Mataki na ashirin da 1715 tsare da laifi kamar yadda wani hatsari zamantakewa yi. The daftarin aiki ya nuna cewa "m jama'a yi sa mai girma cutar a jihar." Da cin zarafin mutane ne da suka karya doka.

The laifukan da aka raba da wadannan iri: m, m, kuma m. Laifi alhaki da aka gabatar a cikin hukumar m ko m laifuka. Suka kasu kashi saukarwa: niyyar, ƙoƙari, kammala laifi. The azãba zama mafi tsanani daga wani hãli.

Wadannan dokoki na dokar karo na farko nuna a cikin doka daftarin aiki.

Sa alama soja 1715

Ya faye hali a matsayin doka yi ƙayyade cewa daftarin aiki dauke da wadannan kwatance:

• Domin jihar laifuffuka kamar zagin monarch, wani yunkurin a kan ransa, ta'asa, fitina da kuma sauran kafa dokar a matsayin hur azãba gare niyyar. Domin wannan azabta tursasawa, kadaici laifi albarkacin bakinta.
• Laifuffuka da bangaskiya (sura 1 da 2). Waɗannan sun haɗa da: maita, da bautar gumaka, sabo, addini tawaye, take hakkin addini soja ayyukan hajji. Hukunci sun wadanda mutane. The kisa ne ma amfani.
• Siyasa, ko aikata laifukan yaki a jihar (babi na 3, 6, 17). Waɗannan sun haɗa da wani m tawaye, cin amanar kasa, shirin ya kashe sarki, ya yi masa maƙarƙashiya, da kama na monarch, yanke hukunci na sarki nufi da ayyuka, da bude daga cikin kalmar sirri, da tattaunawar tare da abokin gaba, bayanai game da gabatarwa.

Domin cewa hukuncin kisa ne ko Final bauta

ci gaba:

• Soja laifukan (babi: 4-15). Wannan hada yi ƙaura da kin biyan daga daban-daban ayyuka. Azabtar aika zuwa galleys, bulala shpitsrutenami. Idan sojoji gudu daga fagen fama, shi ne hukuncin kisa. Hard aka hukunta shan gidãje, kufaifan kuma looting, musamman a lokacin bala'i.
• Crime sanda. Wadannan sun hada da: almubazzaranci, cin hanci da rashawa, da rikici da ikon jarin. Azabtar da rataye.
• Laifuffuka da kotun gwamnati, da oda. Waɗannan sun haɗa da: halakar da Ripping dokoki, rantsuwar kafara, rantsuwar kafara. A azãba mukamin Final bauta, kuma yanke biyu yatsunsu.
• Kayayyakin na jabu, ba bisa doka ba coinage, don amfani da wasu karafa, jabu na like da takardun azabtar da rai gõbara.
• Laifuffuka da ni'ima, jama'a domin, decorum. Waɗannan sun haɗa da yãƙi, tabbatarwa daga dajin, m taron, da mafaka ga mãsu laifi, assigning miyãgun sunãye na laƙabõbĩ ƙarya, na batsa kalamai, Chanting batsa songs. Azãba bauta wa mutuwa azãba.
• Ayyukan Manzanni a kan addini - maita, da bautar gumaka, sabo, da hukuncin da wata azãba mai mutuwa.

Yadda za a hukunta laifuka da mutum da kuma dukiya

Domin zagin mutum azabtar da kofur azãba da aka ba har zuwa watanni shida a kurkuku. Su hukunta yi ɓatanci a matsayin babban laifi ga wanda ake zargi accuser dube.

Ya aka azabtar da sare kashe wani mutum. Ya kamata a lura da cewa kashe kansa kuma classified a matsayin kisan kai. Jikin halaka kai jan cikin tituna da kuma binne shi a wani "m" wurare.

A cikin "Property laifuka" sashe (sura 21) su ne:

• sauki sata har zuwa ashirin rubles azabtar shpitsrutenami, bautar, ko kai-cuta.
• sata da fiye da ashirin rubles, daga soja ko daga coci da aka daukarsa tsallakar da sata, wanda ya sa aka azabtar da rataye ko a kan dabaran.
• fashi da makami ba tare da wani makami mai tsanani azabtar jiki.
• fashi da makami kira domin gudanar da ɗan fashi.
• m sa wuta bayar da diyya.
• sa wuta ne hukuncin kisa.

jima'i laifi

Wadannan hada maza fyade samarin da aka kira "luwadi". Sakamakonsa shi ne wani tunani da galleys, kisa. Domin bestiality gudanar kofur azãba. Domin da mata fya har abada aika zuwa galleys ko hukumta mutuwa.

Zina azabtar wucin gadi naƙudarta, ko kofur azãba. Duk abin dogara da yanayi na harka. A azãba aka saukake, idan mijin ya gafarta m.

A cewar coci dokoki da aka azabtar da auren mata biyu. Lalatar (lalatar) hukuncin kisa ne. Idan haife wani shege yaro, da aikata wannan laifi na dauke da yaro da uwar. Bayan duk na sama, don ba da damar kurkuku sentences da ecclesiastical tuba.

Halayyar siffofin azãba

The main iri azãba cewa sun hada da soja labarin 1715, su ne wadannan: tarar, tutur da kuma ajali links, kwata na dukiya, kofur azãba, aiki tukuru, ɗaurin kurkuku, rashi na rayuwa.

Kisa, bi da bi, ya kasance m da sauki. By da sauki kisa hada da: harbi, fille, rataye. Don gwani azãba hada da: kona, karya a kan dabaran, quartering, zuba narkakkar azurfa a makogwaro.

Corporal azãba mai raɗaɗi shared da chlenovreditelskie. By m takunkumi amfani shpitsrutenami duka, flogging, ko bulala, kuma zuwa chlenovreditelskim - yankan kashe daban-daban sassa na jiki da kuma aikace-aikace na lamba.

Lokacin da laifi fanarite zuwa Final bauta aka aika zuwa yi kamfanonin, fortifications, da kuma galleys.

Wasu iri azãba wanzu for sanda. Alal misali, da murabus na sabis, a kama shi, saukarwa a cikin safu, asarar hutu ko daraja. Kuma mafi wulãƙantarwa dauke da wani ƙungiyoyin mutuwa - wani yanayin a cikin abin da ake tuhumar da aka hana duk hakkin a general.