Tarihi Yusufu-Volokolamsk sufi. Orthodox namiji sufi cenobitic stauropegic

A mayar da hankali na wannan labarin zai zama tarihi da kuma ci gaban da Joseph-Volokolamsk sufi. Wannan tsoho Orthodox sufi, wanda shi ne har yanzu a sakamako a yau, ya janyo hankalin ba kawai da yawa yawon bude ido amma kuma mahajjata. Castles a Moscow yankin can. Amma da suka samu nasarar maye gurbin masu garu, da impregnable da gidajen lama hankali. Irin wannan ne abu na hajji da kuma harkokin yawon shakatawa. Joseph-Volokolamsk sufi gina a matsayin kagara. An kewaye da m ganuwar iya withstanding da watanni-dogon kewaye da abokan gaba. Bayan sufi da aka gina a cikin spirited kuma m sau. Amma a yau, da sufaye na sufi zai maraba da taƙawa mahajjata da m yawon bude ido. Abin baƙin ciki, yakin duniya na biyu ya sa mai girma lalacewar da tarihi gine-gine na sufi. Amma da kaɗan da kaɗan da shi ne a mayar da. Bari mu dauki wani mai rumfa yawon shakatawa na Joseph-Volokolamsk sufi, da kuma a lokaci guda saurari ya ban sha'awa labarin.

A tushe na sufi

Yana duk ya fara da gaskiyar cewa a wasu Ivan Sanin ji wani addini kira. Ya aka tonsured cikin sufaye Pafnutiem Borovskim kuma dauki zuhudu sunan Yusufu. Wanda ya mutu domin duniya Sanin kishin kansa ga sabis na Allah, kuma don haka nasara a cikin wannan cewa ya zama magaji na St. Paphnutius kamar yadda hegumen. A matsayin shugaban al'umma, Joseph kokarin shiga da shi obschezhiteyny shatan. Amma da 'yan'uwa suke tantama sun yi tsayayya da wannan. Sai ascetic Yusufu da wani tsohon mutum, Gerasim tafi yawo a cikin hermitages da kuma gidajen lama. Amma ta 1478, Joseph ya kõma zuwa ga ƙasar haihuwarsa, kuma ya nemi izini ya Boris Vladimirovich, Prince of Volokolamsk, kafa sufi. The "eulogy", harhada ta dan dan'uwansa Ivan Sanin Dosifey Toporkov, karanta kamar haka: "The wuri domin sufi da aka bayyana a sama. Spun shafi daga turɓãya, sa'an nan da ƙasa da aka buga da walƙiya a cikin wani fili sama. Akwai Reverend da kuma kawo karshen. " Saboda haka, a 1479, an kafa ta Joseph na Volokolamsk sufi.

Rayuwa na St.

Wajibi ne a ce 'yan kalmomi game da asalin na ascetic. Me ya da wani rikici tare da 'yan'uwa da kuma, mafi muhimmanci, da yadda ya samu wani wadanda mutane cikakken goyon (ciki har da kudi) domin gina Joseph-Volokolamsk sufi? Sanin aristocratic iyali mallakar kauyen Yazvische kuma yana cikin sabis na musamman Volotsk Prince Boris. Ivan ya ba da makaɗaicin Ɗansa. A shekaru 20, ya yanke shawarar kai shãmaki, kuma a 1459 ya tafi Tverskoy Savvin sufi. Amma gidan talauci zo ba zuwa ga liking, kuma ya tafi zuwa Borovsk. Wannan sufi ne a karkashin shugabanci na Paphnutius ya shahara ga da dukiyarsa. A wannan sufi ascetic ya shafe shekaru 18. Sufi da mallakar Novgorod diocese. Kamawa girma so Prince Ivan III kama makwabtaka da ƙasashensu, mazaunin Joseph rikici da Archbishop Serapion Novgorod. Kamar haka makõmarsu ta shiga Diocese, wanda ya haddasa gunaguni fraternity. Duk da angarorin na cikin wadanda mutane hukumomi, Joseph ya yanke shawarar barin da kuma kafa nasu sufi. Ya kasance cikin godfather dansa Borisa Volotskogo, Ivana Ruzskogo da confessor na yarima ta rabo.

Joseph-Volokolamsk sufi (Volokolamsk gundumar, Moscow yankin)

Tallafa wa} ungiyoyin hukumomi sanya shi yiwuwa a sake gina ascetic farko katako coci na sufi kawai watanni biyu na bazara 1479. Bayan shekaru biyar da aka maye gurbinsu da wani dutse babban coci. The sufi da sauri zama da Kremlin, kewaye da m ganuwar. Yana can a kurkuku saboda adawa. A mazaunin Yusufu, gina ta Orthodox Church zuwa ga daraja da m, ya mabiyin tsananta na Judaizers da kuma kare da halaccinta na mallakan gidajen lama rãyuwar arziki, ciki har da ƙasar. Ya rubuta cewa, "... kãfirai da Litattafansu kamata ba kawai don hukunta da kiyayya, amma kuma kawo su zamani haramun ne, kuma su yi amfani da su da suka ji rauni, tsar hannunsa ... wannan wadanda mutane hukumomi bukatar a kawo su a m azãba." Joseph kiyaye haruffa, muhãwara da wadanda ba ma'abũta (musamman, tare da Neil Sora) cewa sufaye unseemly ya mallaki ƙasar da kuma ado da Golden Haikalin Ubangiji. Mazaunin mutu a 1515. Canonized a 1579. Mabiyansa, Josephites, a cikin goma sha bakwai karni, na nacewa yi yaƙi domin kãmun ƙasa, kuma, bautar manoma. A shekarar 2009, Patriarh Kirill ayyana majiɓinci, na Iosifa Volotskogo kasuwanci a Rasha Orthodoxy.

Kremlin

Gine-gine Joseph-Volokolamsk sufi gani daga nesa. Shine zinariya domes majami'u, peeping daga baya da fari ganuwar da loopholes. Around sufi tafkunan aka karya. Su ba kawai katange da hanyar da zai yiwu mai mamaye, amma har zuwa cika refectory sufaye dadi kifi. Garun birnin, da kagara na sufi da aka kerata sau da yawa. Makõmarsu ya samu nasarar msa da kewaye na Yaren mutanen Poland-Lithuanian sojoji a 1612. A ganuwar da aka tsara a matsayin dogon zango da kuma melee. Su interleaved hasumiya. Kowace daga cikinsu - na musamman da fitacciyar tsaron gida gine. A mafi kyau daga gare su ne Germanova. Mun zo kusa da ganin ƙofar sa a shekarar 2009, da wani abin tunawa a St Iosifu Volotskomu. Bãya gare shi za a iya gani sosai-ado Gate Church, sadaukar da Manzanni Bitrus da Bulus. Yana da aka gina a 1679 a cikin Moscow teremkovom style. Bari mu tafi, ta hanyar ƙofar.

Gina a ciki da Convent. Church na ɗauka na Our Lady

A lokacin da rayuwar Reverend mazaunin Joseph-Volokolamsk sufi, a 1486, aka gina shi a kan site na wani katako dutse coci. Domin ta zanen da aka gayyace ta zuwa shahara da kuma girmama artist Diyonisiyas, ɗan majalisar. A lokacin da ya da fashion ga Moscow Baroque, da coci kumbura, kuma tuba a cikin wani babban coci coci. Its yi Dates baya ga 1688-1696 shekaru. Wannan biyar-domed haikali aka karin a da kyau da kuma girma da. Kada ka rush je ciki. Da farko, je kusa da babban coci. Waje da ganuwar ake yi wa ado da fale-falen da aka sanya a cikin karni na goma sha bakwai a cikin studio of artist Stepan Polubes. Yanzu tafi cikin Haikalin. Gumaka, rubuta da Diyonisiyas, ɗan majalisar, ba ya bace. Su za a iya gani a Haikali. A real dutse mai daraja na coci ne a biyar-bene sassaka iconostasis, zinariya mai haske. Bayani ga mahajjata: a cikin wannan coci nuna karfin da sarƙoƙi na St. Joseph. Bugu da kari, da sufi da aka located kabarin sarakuna Volotsk, da Yahaya, da Theodore.

Sauran gine-gine a cikin sufi

Da zarar dadin musamman daraja belfry Joseph-Volokolamsk sufi. Yana da aka gina a 1511, kuma shi ne m ga tsohon Haikali. Sa'an nan kararrawa hasumiya neatly "shige" a cikin ganuwar da sabon babban coci. An ce, a kan wata hujja rana daga ta saman za ka iya ganin Moscow. Amma a lokacin da Mai girma Patriotic War, Soviet sojojin mãsu bãyar da bãya hura tashi kararrawa hasumiya. Yanzu harsashinsa da aka aza kuma jiran su sabuntawa. Abin da ya ziyarci baya a Volovets Joseph sufi? Na farko, da aka ambata a riga ƙofar coci. Next, dubi Germanov hasumiya a daya gefen. An kewaye da fadar White Amai kuma barns, kazalika da sufi gini da keliyami. A refectory na sufi kanta ya dined Iosif Volotsky. A cikin wannan shirin ne da gine-gine da tsarin mayar da da faceted majalisar na Moscow Kremlin - da code dogara ne a kan al'amudin. Har ila yau, lura shi ne kyakkyawan kusurwa hasumiya.

sufi celebrities

Abin baƙin ciki, babban al'ada ko Kirista sahabbai tsakanin 'yan'uwa, sai a kafa na sufi, ya ba. Amma su ne a mai yawa languishing a cikin kurkuku na sufi. Daga cikin mafi yawan sanannun iya kira St. Maxim da Girkanci, marubuci kuma addini adadi, kuma, canonized da Orthodox Church. Prince Vasili Patrickeyev, karbi zuhudu sunan Bassion da Basil Kuritsyn da Matiyu Bashkin - jami'an diplomasiya a cikin sabis na Moscow tsar - kuma languishing a kurkuku Joseph na Volokolamsk. Suna gamshi da Reverend cewa a fili yi magana game da bukatar nestyazhatelstva. Cikin rukunan aka ayyana wani babban coci a 1504 karkatacciyar koyarwa "Judaizers." Volokolamsk, Joseph-Volokolamsk sufi zama kurkuku domin Vasiliya Shuyskogo da kuma wani shahararren adadi a cikin coci tsaga Gerasim Firsov.

Binne a cikin sufi

Mun riga mun ambata cewa akwai kabarin sarakuna - 'yan'uwa John kuma Fedora Borisovichey. Bugu da kari, bayan da sufi, a 1989, da aka mika wa Church, ikon Iosifa Volotskogo aka samu. Ya sarƙoƙi da aka canjawa wuri zuwa sufi na Museum "New Urushalima" cikin Istra. Joseph na Volokolamsk stauropegic sufi zama wani wuri na kwantar da hankula da kuma na karshe ga kõre nan Ivanom Groznym Lardi Daniel. Har ila yau binne nan Novgorod Archbishop Theodosius. A cikin hurumi aka binne shi, da kuma wasu sanannun wadanda mutane ainihi. Yana Malyuta Skuratov, shugaban guardsmen, kuma mallaki gidaje a kauyen Yaropolets Goncharova, wanda lissafta ga uwar-A. S. Pushkinu.

A New History of sufi

Da zarar a cikin sufi da babban library, kuma daga 1777 zuwa 1823 shekaru, akwai wata makaranta ga 'ya'yan firistoci. Ã'a, mafi yawansu duk, sufi da aka sani a matsayin mai wuri na kurkuku. Its ruwan dare wuri, m ganuwar da damar amfani da sufi matsayin kurkuku. Dungeons sufi dauke ba kawai sirri makiya mazaunin Venerable Iosifa Volotskogo. A farkon karni na goma sha bakwai ana sa Poland, da kuma a 1812 - Faransa fursunonin yaki. Bayan da Oktoba juyin juya halin na 1917, da sufi da aka rufe. Daga 1922 zuwa 1989 akwai aka located marayu.

Joseph-Volokolamsk sufi Yadda za a samu a can

Wannan janye Moscow yankin mazauna babban birnin kasar iya ziyarta a rana daya. Samun wa Yusufu-Volokolamsk sufi ne ba ma wuya, ko da idan muka yi amfani da su tafiya da jama'a kai. Dole ne ka farko isa kauyen Teryaevo. Joseph-Volokolamsk sufi ne a kilometer daga gare ta. Kafin Teryaevo za a iya isa a hanyoyi biyu. A farko zaɓi ne don samun a kan jirgin kasa zuwa Volokolamsk (Riga shugabanci). Daga tashar jirgin kasa ne bas lambar 31. Suna bukatar su samu zuwa tasha "Valuiki" da kuma kara bi har zuwa kilomita zuwa arewa na sufi. Zabi na biyu shi ne mafi sauki: don samun tashar jirgin kasa Chismena sa'an nan bas yawan 23 zuwa kauyen Teryaevo. Daga kauyen kamata tafi a kilometer zuwa yamma.