The most organics Kwayoyin

Chemical cell kungiyar azurta gaban daban-daban abubuwa da mahadi. Saboda haka, shi ya kafa gaban macro- da microelements, ruwa da kuma ma'adinai salts. Dauke da cell da kwayoyin kayan, da most of wanda ƙayyade da kaddarorin. Wadannan mahadi ma da wani sakamako a kan wani yawan halaye na kwayoyin a matsayin dukan. Ya kamata a lura da cewa sinadaran abun da ke ciki na wata shuka cell da kuma wata dabba ne m ga atomic matakin. akwai wasu bambance-bambance a matakin kwayoyin.

Mutane da yawa Organic abubuwa Kwayoyin suna halin a cewa abun da ke ciki ya hada da manyan kwayoyin (macromolecules). Yawanci, suna dauke da maimaita irin wannan a cikin tsarin to low-kwayoyin mahadi. Wadannan mahadi suna da nasaba da wani covalent bond aka kafa da monomers. A monomers, bi da bi, ya samar da wata kwayoyin da ake kira da polymer.

The most organics Kwayoyin - ne fats, nucleic acid, carbohydrates da kuma sunadarai.

sunadaran

Su asusu na game da goma zuwa ashirin cikin dari. Wadannan sababbu polymers dauke da amino acid a matsayin monomers. Sunadaran (a kwatanta da sauran mahadi) suna dauke da wasu muhimman siffofin. Da farko, wadannan Kwayoyin suna da kwayoyin abubuwa babbar kwayoyin nauyi. Alal misali, cikin kwayoyin nauyi na tsoka gina jiki 15 00000 kDa, amma, misali, ethyl barasa - 46.

Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na polymers sunadaran samu game da ashirin amino acid. Kowace daga cikinsu yana da kansa tsarin, da sunan, Properties. Amino acid kwayoyin kunsa sassa biyu. Daya bangare ne guda ga duk, da ya hada da wani carboxylic acid kungiyar da kuma wani amino kungiyar. A wasu bangare ne daban-daban, da ake kira "m".

Sunadaran taka rawa na wani tushen samar da makamashi. A cikin sel karya saukar zuwa amino acid wadannan mahadi. Wasu daga cikin su ana amfani da gina jiki kira, yayin da sauran kashi kara zurfin tsagawa tsari. A lokacin karshen da makamashi da aka saki.

carbohydrates

Wadannan organics Kwayoyin dauki kashi hydrogen, carbon da oxygen. All carbohydrates kasu kashi monosaccharides da polysaccharides. A yawa na karshen kwayoyin suna da alaka da juna, sakewa da ruwa. Saboda haka, a polysaccharide.

Carbohydrates kunshe a cikin dako na hereditary bayanai - da nucleic acid.

lipids

Wannan kungiyar hada da kitse-kamar abubuwa da kuma fats kai tsaye. Lipids da daban-daban tsarin. Duk da haka, dukansu suna baiwa da janar Properties. Lipids ne insoluble a ruwa, haka readily mai narkewa a cikin chloroform, benzene, da Eter, da sauran hanyoyin gudanar da kaushi.

Fats da kuma mai-kamar mahadi taka muhimmiyar rawa. Da rabo daga sia ta bushe nauyi - 5-15%. Kamar haka a wasu Kwayoyin abun ciki ya kai 90%. Fat ne ba a duk dabbobi masu shayarwa madara. A cikin mace da dabbar dolfin, misali, da yawan madara mai - game da 40%.

nucleic acid

Sunan wadannan mahadi aka samu daga Latin kalmar "tsakiya" (tsakiya). Wadannan abubuwa da aka gano da kuma ware Fridrihom Misherom na nucleated Kwayoyin. kasaftawa fili ya hada da phosphorus da nitrogen A 1869, shekarar Swiss Masanin.

Nucleic acid ne high kwayoyin nauyi mahadi. Sun tabbatar da adana da kuma watsa kayyade bayanai a rayayyun kwayoyin halitta. Wadannan biopolymers suna kafa na monomer raka'a nucleotides, wanda aka dauke a cikin babban adadin. Nucleotides ƙayyade da babban halaye na mai rai gabar.

DNA - polymeric DNA, wadda ta ƙunshi wani babban yawan monomers - deoxyribonucleotides. RNA ne a polymer. A monomer cikinta protrudes ribonucleotide.