The sau da Ancient Rus, al'adu shafukan, a jerin description

The sau na zamanin d Rasha, inda al'adu Monuments ne batu na wannan mujalla - shi ne mafi muhimmanci lokacin a tarihin kasar, kamar yadda aka sa'an nan aza harsashin ginin statehood, zamantakewa, siyasa, tattalin arziki da zamantakewa Tsarin, wanda aka nuna a cikin rubuce, archaeological da kuma gine-gine da kafofin.

Janar halaye na zamanin

Muhimmai daga management na jihar samo asali a cikin kwanaki na zamanin d Rasha. A Monuments na epoch al'adu masu ban sha'awa a cikin abin da suka nuna a cikin akida da tushe daga cikin matasa Rasha al'umma, da ya shigo tuba zuwa Orthodoxy. A babban rawa a cikin halittar taka leda sarakuna himma, wanda sau da yawa da gudummawar da dutse gini, rubuta tarihin, da gina} ungiyoyin da kuma tsaron-manufa gine-gine. Daga bisani, da himma wuce da yawan jama'a, da farko zuwa birane mazauna, wanda sau da yawa a nasu kudi gina majami'u, haikali. Na bayar da muhimmanci a cikin wannan tsari da aka buga da Girkanci al'adu tasiri. Byzantine Masters sun zama magina na da yawa Monuments, amma kuma horar da yawa Rasha, wanda riƙe su dokoki da kuma hadisai, nan da nan ya fara haifar da da nasu musamman Tsarin.

irin haikalin

Ancient Times Rus al'adu Monuments wanda yafi wakilta coci yi, bisa ga al'ada a karɓa kwanan Mongolian lokaci daga 9 zuwa farkon 13th karni, amma mafi broadly zartar da wani ba ra'ayi da kuma daga baya ƙarni. Rasha gine yarda da Byzantine hadisin, don haka da Rasha coci gine-gine, a ka'ida, maimaita su fasali. Duk da haka, a cikin kasar yafi rarraba ya karbi yi farin dutse majami'u na rectangular kuma Semi-madauwari Dome aka maye gurbinsu da shlemoobrazny. Masters sau da yawa haifar da mosaics da frescoes. Musamman chetyrehstolpnyh Ibada, da wuya ya gana da shida da kuma takwas ginshikan sun kowa. Mafi sau da yawa, suna da uku naves.

A Early coci

The sau na zamanin d Rasha, da al'adu Monuments wanda ake inextricably nasaba da baftisma da tallafi na Orthodox Kristanci, ya zama heyday na dutse haikali yi. A jerin wadannan gine-gine ya kamata a yi da mafi asali, da gina wanda ya zama alama taron a tarihi, kuma shi ne farkon m yi. Daya daga cikin na farko mafi girma mafi muhimmanci haikalin ya zama Church na ɗauka daga cikin Albarka Virgin Mary, wanda kuma ya samu aka fi sani da zakar kamar yadda Prince musamman kasaftawa daya cikin goma su samun kudin shiga da shi. Yana da aka gina a karkashin Vladimir Svyatoslavich saint wanda yi masa baftisma da Rasha ƙasar.

Features

Archaeologists wuya mayar da asali bayyanar, duk da haka kiyaye su da wasu bayanai, kamar na Greek hatimi a kan tubalin, marmara ado, a mosaic bene, cewa gina da aka za'ayi Greek Masters. A lokaci guda kiyaye inscriptions a QFontDatabase da yumbu fale-falen damar yi magana game da sa hannu a cikin shiri na Slavs. The coci da aka gina a matsayin giciye-domed gini a kan gargajiya Byzantine Canon.

Ibada na 11th karni

The sau na zamanin d Rasha, inda al'adu Monuments tabbatar da m baza da tallafi na Orthodoxy a cikin kasar, sun shiga wani lokaci na aiki ginin majami'u, daban-daban a cikin size, abun da ke ciki da kuma tsarin. Na biyu mafi muhimmanci haikali a cikin wannan jerin - yana da St. Sophia Cathedral a Kiev. Yana da aka gina a zamanin mulkin Yaroslava Mudrogo, kuma ya kamata ya zama wata babbar cibiyar addini na sabon iko. Its musamman alama ne gaban manyan Choirs. Ya na da goma sha uku domes tare da windows. A cibiyar ne babban kasa - hudu karami su, sa'an nan kuma akwai wata takwas karami domes. A babban coci yana da biyu da matãkalai hasumiya, biyu-bene da kuma guda-bene gallery. Ciki ne mosaics da frescoes.

Cross-domed majami'u na zamanin d Rus zama tartsatsi a cikin kasar. Wani muhimmin gini ne Church na ɗauka Kiev-Pechersk Lavra. Yana da uku naves, a fili ciki da kuma wani Dome. Ya aka nike tashi a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu da kuma daga baya suka gina a cikin Ukrainian Baroque hadisai.

Novgorod gine

Monuments Rasha al'ada ya bambanta a style da kuma tsarin. Novgorod haikali da majami'u suna da nasu musamman siffofin da cewa ba ka damar haskaka wannan matsayin na musamman hadisin a cikin tarihi na cikin gida da gine-gine. Dabam, a cikin jerin tsoho gine-gine ya kamata a kasaftawa Sophia Cathedral, wanda ya dade ya kasance babban addini cibiyar kasar. Ya na da biyar domes, da matãkalai hasumiya. Domes sun dimbin yawa kwalkwali. A ganuwar suna gina na farar ƙasa, da ciki ne kama da Kiev coci, arches suna mika, amma wasu sassa sun halartar wani kadan simplification na abin da ya zama wani halayyar alama na birnin gine.

Wizard farko kamantuwa da samfurori Kiev, amma daga baya Novgorod gine samu asalin siffar saboda da musamman da kuma sauƙi recognizable fasali. Su Ibada ne a cikin kananan size, stocky da kuma sauƙi na zane. Daya daga cikin shahararrun majami'u a cikin wannan style - yana da Transfiguration Church Nereditsa. Yana da matukar sauki, amma yana da matukar majestic bayyanar. Yana yana da kananan size, ba shi da wani waje ado, da line ne mai sauqi qwarai. Wadannan su ne siffofin halayyar da Novgorod haikalin, bayyanar wanda ko ƙunshi wasu disproportion da ta sa su musamman.

Gine-gine a wasu birane

Monuments a Nizhny Novgorod ne ma a cikin jerin daga cikin shahararrun tsoho gine-gine. Daya daga cikin majami'u sadaukar da tsarki annabi Iliya. Yana da aka gina a cikin 16th karni a ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar birnin mu rabu da mamayewa na Tatars da Nogai. Da farko shi ne katako, amma daga baya, a tsakiyar 17th karni, aka gina a dutse. A cikin karni na 19th coci na daya Dome ya sake a cikin biyar-domed, wanda ya ba da sunan da ya titi a cikin birnin.

Monuments a Nizhny Novgorod zauna wani shahararren wuri a cikin tarihi na cikin gida da gine-gine. Daya daga cikin shahararrun - shi ne Mika'ilu Shugaban Mala'iku Cathedral, gina a cikin 13th karni. Shi ne mai fari-dutse coci tare da 4 ginshiƙai da 3 apses.

Saboda haka, birnin na sauran ƙasashe da kuma fiefdoms sun kuma zama mai aiki cibiyoyin gine-gine gine. Su hadisai suna bambanta da su na asali, kuma musamman fasali. Church of St. Nicholas Nadeina Yaroslavl - na musamman coci na 17th karni. Yana da aka gina a kan bankunan na Volga River, kuma ya yi na farko da dutse coci a unguwar birnin.

Qaddamar da m Nadia Sveteshnikov, bayan da yawa yan kasuwa da kuma sana'a kuma fara gina coci. Dalili na coci ya ɗaukaka ƙasa, a saman sun biyar domes a siririn wuyõyinsu drum. Church of St. Nicholas Nadeina yana da wani musamman iconostasis. An sanya a cikin Baroque style kuma aka maye gurbinsu a cikin 18th karni a kan tsoho.

darajar

Saboda haka, tsoho gine ne musamman a cikin halaye, style da kuma ciki. Saboda haka, yana bautar wani shahararren wuri ba kawai a cikin kasa da al'adunsu, amma kuma a cikin art duniya a general. Saboda haka, a yanzu shi ne da muhimmanci musamman tarihi tsare. Da dama daga cikinsu sun tsira, wasu an halaka a lokacin yaki, don haka da cewa zamani archaeologists da restorers dora muhimmanci ga ayyukan sake gina da kuma sabuntawa.