Vestibular cochlear jijiya: description, tsari da kuma ilmin jikin mutum

Anatomists ware goma sha biyu nau'i-nau'i daga jijiyoyi da cewa suna da takamaiman ayyuka da kuma suna located a cikin kai da wuya. Daya daga cikinsu shi ne vestibulocochlear jijiya. Shi ne ke da alhakin musamman ji na ƙwarai: ji da azancin balance. Take hakkin ya haltta ko aiki zai iya kai wa ga babban tawaya hakkin.

tsarin

Mene ne vestibulocochlear jijiya? Haltta yana da wahala, kamar yadda tushen da sunan, kunshi biyu raba tushen, tare da daban-daban ayyuka. A farko - cikin vestibular, shi ne alhakin balance da kayayyaki da semicircular canals na can cikin kunne. Na biyu - ji, gudanar da hasken dake fitowa daga labyrinth na cochlea mata kashin baya.

Jijiya daukan ta asalin a cikin kasa surface na hemispheres, barin m kwayoyin halitta a cikin zaitun nuclei a cikin medulla oblongata da kuma magance kasa da fuska jijiya. Auditory reshe yana farawa daga kumburi na cochlea, kuma ta gefe matakai ƙare a karkace jiki da kuma tsakiyar kofofi ta hanyar saman da dala auditory ƙasũsuwa a cikin kwakwalwa kuma ya kai cochlear nuclei.

Na biyu, da vestibular, reshe kuma ta fara da wani nodule, wanda aka located in can cikin kunne. A dendrites daga wadannan neurons zuwa semicircular canals, mai siffar zobe kuma elliptical bags. A axon matsayin wani ɓangare na vestibular tushen da aka aika zuwa da lu'u-lu'u-dimbin yawa rami da kuma ƙare a can, a cikin vestibular nuclei.

samar ji

Yana sauti mai adam ji tsarin ne wajen rikitarwa. Akwai matsanancin, tsakiya da kuma can cikin kunne, amma vestibulocochlear jijiya innervates na musamman a ciki. Na farko, sauti taguwar ruwa ake gane ta da eardrum. Its oscillations aka canjawa wuri zuwa da guduma, anvil kuma likkafa, waxanda suke da juna. Tare da kalaman rinjayar da stapes m taga, ayi a kan Hauwa'u na Maze. Vibrations sa hijirar na perilymph da endolymph ciki da Maze. Oscillate tare da ruwa da kuma na biyu rabo daga cikin eardrum, da basilar ko farantin. A shi ne zvukovosprinimayuschego hairs, da samar da jijiyar. Yana yana daukar kwayar cutar zuwa helical naúrar, located in can cikin kunne. Matakai na jijiya Kwayoyin cewa yin up da kumburi located ta hanyar wani rami a kunne canal kuma, a haɗa da vestibular jijiya, zuwa gada, cikinsa da abu da kuma karshen a cochlear nuclei a cikin rhomboid fossa.

cochlear neuronal axons rarraba da kuma samar da kaikaice madauki. A zaruruwa suna nan rabu. A karamin sashi ƙare a kan ƙananan hillocks quadrigemina farantin (midbrain). Sauran ke juya zuwa tsakiyar geniculate jikuna a diencephalon ko tsakiya thalamic tsakiya.

balance aiki

Domin da ma'auni na jiki a sarari a lokacin motsi da kuma a sauran ma alhakin vestibulocochlear jijiya. Tuki ta innervation daga uninitiated iya sa aback kamar yadda ya tabbatar da cewa wannan aiki na bukatar synchronous aiki na da yawa sassa na juyayi tsarin.

Babban aiki na vestibular inji shi ne cewa a kowace lokaci don nazarin matsayin na shugaban a sararin samaniya da kuma daidaita matsayin da jiki da tsoka sautin. Organ alhakin balance, shi ne m ga labyrinth a tsakiyar kunne da kuma wakiltar uku intersecting tashar m, elliptical da kuma cewa karshen siffar zobe sacs. Tu wadannan Tsarin suna sanya gashin da suke da mahimmanci ga canje-canje a kai matsayin da, mai kusurwa da kuma mikakke hanzari, da kuma canje-canje a cikin nauyi.

Daga azanci shine hairs gefe matakai na neurons aka aika zuwa vestibular site, located a kasa na boko kashi. Shigar da kwakwalwa abu, da jijiya ne zuwa ga wani rhombus rami da vestibular nuclei. Daga gada matakai na neurons bambanta a cikin laka (ga nuclei na agara Kakakin), cerebellum (bawo tsutsa), thalamus (vestibular tsakiya) da kuma reticular samuwar (tsakiya na girman kwanyar jijiyoyi). Wadannan Tsarin samar da wani jiki m mayar da martani ga ruri na vestibular tsoka mai amsa sigina. All bayanai zo daga subcortical Tsarin a yankin na tsakiyar da kuma na baya na boko gyrus, inda cibiyar motor ayyuka, da cibiyar, na] aukacin ji na ƙwarai da jiki tsari cibiyar.

ji bincike

Abin da kuke bukatar mu yi don ganin idan su aiki aikin da vestibulocochlear jijiya? Its biyu rassan suna nazari dabam. Ji Research ta gudanar da ENT likitoci, neurologists, psychiatrists, kuma ko da haka wannan domin dukan musamman gwaje-gwaje da aka ɓullo da.

Yana duk yana farawa da wani sauki ji gwajin. Yadda aka saba, mutum dole ne a nesa na biyar mita su ji jawabi ga shi ya sanya waswãsi magana. Ji asara ko rashin shi zai iya sa ba kawai asarar da matsanancin ko tsakiyar kunne, amma kuma ciki. Saboda haka muhimmanci a fahimci haddasawa da cutar.

1. Schwabach gwajin dogara ne a kan aunawa da tsawon kashi na madugu. Camerton hada da sanya, a mastoid kashi baya da kunne. Idan haƙuri ba ya ji sauti, sa'an nan matsalar - a can cikin kunne, amma idan sauti ne ji fiye zama dole, da Pathology ne a tsakiyar sashe na analyzer.
2. Rinne gwajin gano bambanci tsakanin iska da kuma kashi na madugu. Hade kunna cokali mai yatsu sanya, a cikin mastoid kashi, da haƙuri da aka tambaye su ce idan ya ba zai ƙara jin sauti. A kayan aiki da aka canjawa wuri zuwa pinna. A cikin akwati inda haƙuri ne da lafiya, sauti zai har yanzu za a ji.
3. Weber gwajin. Sabon kunna kunna cokali mai yatsu sanya, a kambi yankin na mutum, kuma likita ya tambaye, wanda gefen da sauti da aka ji mafi kyau. Idan haƙuri nuna haƙuri gefe, wannan magana a cikin ni'imar da tsakiyar kunne lalacewa, kuma idan wata lafiya, matsalar - a can cikin kunne.

Evaluation na ma'auni

Vestibulocochlear jijiya ne ma alhakin balance, don haka neurologists a Hadakar dubawa sau da yawa koma ga daban-daban gwaje-gwaje don duba haƙuri da juriya:

1. Romberg ta gwajin - daya daga cikin na kowa zabin. A haƙuri aka tambaye su tsaya daidai haka cewa ƙafãfunsu ne a kan wannan layin, kuma dunduniyar na daya kafar huta da na biyu kafana. Hands kamata a koma baya ko su miƙe. A likita sai ya tambaye su sa 'yan matakai a gaba farko da idanu bude, sa'an nan kuma rufe. Unsteadiness na Gait a karo na biyu idan yana nufin can cikin kunne lalacewa.
2. Test Mittelnaera. A haƙuri ke tafiya a kan ƙasa da idanu rufe. Idan akwai wani gazawar da vestibular na'ura, sa'an nan a hankali sai ya juyo zuwa ga gefen cikin hearth.

Kayar cochlear reshe

Kaye vestibulocochlear jijiya a shafin alhakin sarrafa auditory hatsaisai yana da takamaiman asibiti manifestations. Akwai biyu iko zaɓuɓɓuka:

- sauti madugu take hakkin, ko conductive ji hasara (tsakiyar kunne cuta).
- sensorineural ji hasara a raunuka na can cikin kunne.

A cikin tsohon harka Yanã yanayi na iya zama mai kumburi, ko neoplastic nama sclerosis cuta. Biyu rungumi cututtuka kuma iya sa kumburi mamaki, neuroma, da kuma abubuwa bargo shafukan a nuclei wuri takwas girman kwanyar jijiya.

Asibiti shi ne bayyana gunaguni game da amo a cikin kunne, ciwon kai, janar karu a ji. Idan pathological aiwatar a cikin kwakwalwa ne thicker, shi yana iya zama ya lura da asarar ayyuka da kuma m jijiyoyi, kamar vestibular, fuska da kuma trigeminal. Irin kowa na da cututtuka da ake kira "alternating hemiplegia."

Da shan kashi na vestibular

Pathology vestibulocochlear jijiya da vestibular reshe rabo zai fara bayyana kanta dizziness, tashin zuciya (wani lokacin amai) da kuma nystagmus. Wannan jijiya ne jera alhakin halin da ake ciki na eyeballs a lokacin da matsayi na kai, saboda haka a lokacin da ya sha kashi a iya zama wani canji a cikin ido motsi. Wato m kwance ko a tsaye jerks.

Bugu da kari, da mãsu haƙuri yana da wani m Gait, kuma ya bukatar ya straddle (as a kan wani jirgin ruwan a lokacin da wani pitching) kiyaye balance, kuma kullum saka idanu ƙafãfunsu. Saboda haka, irin wadannan mutane suna da wani likita zai iya bayar da shawarar da ganewar asali a lokacin da suka zo a cikin ofishinsa.

Neuroma vestibulocochlear jijiya

Innervation vestibulocochlear jijiya da shawara cewa, ya rufe da fiber daina kai hare hare na Schwann Kwayoyin. Wannan irin rufi zuwa jijiya turu ba canjawa wuri zuwa wasu zaruruwa. Amma daga cell membranes, a rare lokuta (mutum ɗari da dubu) zai iya girma a benign ƙari.

Yana bayyana kanta sannu a hankali, kuma, kamar yadda mai mulkin, a lokacin da ƙari ya riga ya kai wani babba size. Marasa lafiya koka ji hasara a gefe daya, juwa ko jiri, zafi a gefe na fuskar, da kuma gaban comorbidity fuska da kuma abducens. Wannan shi ne bayyana jawabin sa ciwon, matsaloli a cin abinci. A ƙari compresses da jijiyoyi, wanda ya haddasa da ya dace asibitin.

Idan neuroma zo daga garesu, da mãsu haƙuri bada shawarar a wuce da irin wannan kwayoyin jarrabawa ga gaban neurofibromatosis (a hereditary connective nama cuta). Jiyya ne yawanci m.

Meniere ta ciwo

Vestibulocochlear jijiya za a iya lalace a kaikaice a Meniere ta cutar. Da kanta a Pathology hade tare da mai illa samar da outflow na ruwa a can cikin kunne. Ta oversupply yana sanya matsa lamba a kan m hairs, wanda bayyana kanta a disequilibrium.

Bayyana cutar hare-hare na vertigo tare da tinnitus da kuma ji na cikar a kan ya shafa gefe. Bugu da kari, marasa lafiya koka m ji hasara. Kamar yadda cutar progresses, cututtuka worsen, da kuma iya zama har zuwa wannan mutumin a lokacin da wani irin kãmu ba zai iya fita daga gado da kuma jũyar da kai.

Jiyya an rage zuwa taimako na rashin jin daɗi a lokacin da hari da kuma samun sedatives a lucid jinkiri. Idan ra'ayin mazan jiya magani ba ya taimaka cewa makõma zuwa ga m wajen da kuma hallaka vestibular labyrinth ko giciye reshe na vestibulocochlear jijiya.