Viktor Gyugo: A Biography da kuma aikin

Ba dole na zama wani babban lover of adabi, to ku san wanda yake Viktor Gyugo. Biography da aikinsa, duk da haka, da yawa daga cikin mu suna sane da kawai a general sharuddan. Kuma duk da haka shi ne marubucin, ba tare da wanda ba shi yiwuwa su yi tunanin Faransa adabi na karni na 19th. Viktor Gyugo, a takaice biography da kerawa na wanda aka gabatar a wannan labarin - daya daga cikin mafi girma da romantic Faransa theoretician da kuma shugaban na romanticism a kasarsu. Aikinsa ne mai ban mamaki iri-iri da kuma versatility. Kuma da mawãƙi, kuma marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo, da kuma mawallafin, da kuma wallafe-wallafen zargi, da marubuci - duk Viktor Gyugo. An ban sha'awa biography ya miƙa zuwa ga hankali.

Origin da kuma yaranta Victor

Shekaru na rayuwa muna da sha'awar a marubucin - 1802-1885. A Besançon, Fabrairu 26, 1802 An haife Viktor Gyugo. Taqaitaccen Tarihin shi, don haka fara wannan ranar. Mahaifinsa master kafinta shop. A cikin shekaru da Napoleon ta sarautar, ya aka ciyar da su general. Macen ta, a daya hannun, ya ƙi Napoleon da kuma ya himmantu royalist. An sani cewa Hugo iyali sau da yawa koma daga wuri zuwa wuri. Victor da kuma mahaifansa biyu zama na wani lokaci a Spain. Family raba a Madrid bayan faduwar Napoleon. A cikin wannan birnin, Victor mahaifina shi ne gwamnan. Bayan kisan aure, yaron ya tashe ta mahaifiyarsa.

A farko ayyukansu

Poetic iyawa Victor farka farkon. Kamar yadda wani matashi ya fara rubuta Viktor Mari Gyugo. Tarihinsa da aka alama farkon fitarwa ya halitta waqe da odes. Suka gani a farkon 1815-16, bi da bi. A lokacin wadannan shekaru, Victor zira kwallaye a cikin gasa gudanar da Toulouse Academy. Daga baya, aikinsa an gane da Royal gwamnatin. A 1822 ya zo na farko tarin wakoki Viktora Gyugo "Odes da Miscellaneous Poems". Yana da aka halitta a cikin style of classicism.

Development of Romanticism a cikin ayyukan Victor Hugo

Ya kamata a ce cewa Viktor Gyugo ya canza quite farkon classicism. Ba jima ya Hugo samu daga mataki na karatu, sai ya fara a hankali matsawa zuwa matsayi na Romantics, timidly a farko, amma bayan wani lokaci riga m. Duk da haka, Hugo ta litattafan nau'o'i daga farkon bin romanticism. "Gan Icelander", na farko shine, halitta a 1821-22 shekaru., Shin hujja da wannan. Viktor Gyugo sanya masa ɗansa na biyu labari a 1826. A aikin da aka kira "Bug Jargal." Yana da aka shaida na kara kalamai a kan matsayi na romanticism marubucin, Victor Hugo. Biography of nan gaba shekaru alama ta ci gaba a cikin wannan shugabanci. A cikin aikin "Bug Jargal" Victor bayyana wannan yunkuri na baki bayi.

"Odes da Ballads"

Hugo garambawul a cikin filin na poetic style an yi yunkurin sauya harshen mutum motsin zuciyarmu m dominance a na gargajiya waqe. Hugo yanke shawarar ba up da ado, wanda aka aro daga mythology na tsufa. Kusan lokaci guda, ya yi kira da Ballad, wanda aka dauka a matsayin romantic Genre Popular a wadannan shekaru. Tarin Hugo "Odes da Ballads," ya bayyana a cikin 1826. A sosai suna daga cikin littafin tattaunawa game da ita miƙa mulki. Ode, wanda shi ne abar Genre na gargajiya shayari, hadawa da shi tare da Ballad, halayyar da romantic hadisin.

A farko ban mamaki ayyukan Hugo

Romance a cikin marigayi 1820s fara biya mai girma da hankali ga gidan wasan kwaikwayo, su zauna a lokacin karkashin mulkin na mulki Classicism. Viktor Gyugo rubuta wannan manufa, "Cromwell" farko da wasan kwaikwayo a 1827. Wannan romantic-tarihi aiki yayi magana da bourgeois juyin juya halin a Ingila a cikin 17th karni. Cromwell, ta shugaba, na nuna wani mai karfi hali. Duk da haka, shi ne halin da halin kirki saba wa juna, sabanin dukan haruffa halitta a cikin tsarin na classicism. Cromwell hambarar da sarki, ya so ya canza juyin juya halin da kuma zama cikin monarch. Ba wai kawai da aiki da kanta, amma kuma wani gabatarwar da wasan kwaikwayo tsiwirwirinsu mai daraja. Viktor Gyugo shi kokarin connect with cikin shakka daga cikin tarihin ci gaban duniya adabi nuna cewa babban rabo daga romanticism saboda tarihi. Ya gabatar da dukan shirin wani sabon shugabanci.

"Oriental"

A wannan lokaci, wani Multi-faceted m aikin Victor kai unprecedented tsanani. The tarin "Oriental", wanda ya bayyana a cikin 1829, ya zama wani musamman gagarumin taron. Wannan shi ne na farko da cikakken tarin romantic shayari, Hugo halitta mai suna a matsayin wani fitaccen lyric.

Ba dole ne a ce cewa aikin Hugo a matsayin dukan ayan wani m iri-iri na nau'o'i. Daidai da nasarar yin duka biyu a litattafan da a shayari, da wasan kwaikwayo Viktor Gyugo. Tarihinsa, duk da haka, ya nuna cewa shi ne na farko, kuma farkon wani mawãƙi ba ne.

sabon bidiyon

Amma ga wasan kwaikwayo na marubucin, ta akida ciki ya koma zuwa karshen yakin akidu na 1820s, kazalika da ya faru a 1830 Yuli juyin juya halin. Romantic wasan kwaikwayo Victor kowa da zamantakewa da siyasa al'amurran da suka shafi. Ta kare da m bukatun da akida na marubucin.

Bisa wasanin kwaikwayo Hugo halitta a 1829-39 shekaru. (Fãce "Lucrezia Borgia" a 1833), shi ya kamata ya haɗu da kowa mutane tare da daular mulkinsu da kuma mulkin gargajiya aristocracy ( "Marion Delorme", "Maria Todor", "King of fun," "Ruy Blas" da sauransu.).

"Notre Dame de Paris" (Viktor Gyugo)

Biography gaba shekaru muna da sha'awar a cikin marubucin alama fitowan da yawa da sababbin kayayyakin. The biyu da rabi na 1820s a cikin tarihi na Faransa adabi - sarautar da Genre a matsayin tarihi labari. A samfurin na Viktora Gyugo "Notre Dame de Paris", kafa a 1831, shi ne daya daga cikin mafi girma da nasarorin da salo. The labari nuna tarihin Faransa. A samfurin ne samuwa da kuma dacewa da al'amurran da suka shafi halin da ake ciki a kasar a lokacin da rubuce-rubuce na littafin.

Ayyukan da marigayi 1820-1840-ies

A karshen shekarar 1820 farkon 1830 - lokacin m m aiki, har ma ga wani salon marubucin, Victor Hugo. Taqaitaccen Tarihin lokaci, kazalika da fitar da lokaci (1851 zuwa 1870) alama halittar wani iri-iri daban-daban ayyukan. Hugo ɓullo da wani romantic drama, aiki a litattafan da shayari. A cikin 1830s kuma farkon 1840s, Hugo halitta 4 tarin wakoki. A 1836 ya bayyana "kaka ganye," a 1837 - "Songs of faɗuwar rana", a 1841 - "The Rays da Shadow" da "Inner Muryoyi". Kuma bar biyu-girma tarin "kallo", a 1856, tuni ake magana a kai lokacin da fitar.

A lokacin da gudun hijira

Viktor Gyugo yanke shawarar barin Faransa bayan da 1848 Fabrairu juyin juya halin, ya bi ta hanyar Louis Bonaparte ya zama mai mulkin danniya. Hugo ya tafi gudun hijira. Victor rayu a kan tsibirin, located in English Channel. Don la'anta kafin duniya da siyasa mai kasada Louis Bonaparte da laifi gwamnatin, tuni a farkon shekara na gudun hijira, ya halicci littafin "Napoleon Kananan". A cikin shekaru 1877-78 akwai wani samfurin na "Story of a Crime", wanda yake shi ne denunciation labarinsa na wani juyin mulki da ya faru a 1851.

Outlook Viktora Gyugo karshe an kafa a cikin shekaru na gudun hijira. A nan, a tsibirin Jersey, da ya halitta a cikin 1853 da tarin "Maps", dauke da mafi kyau a cikin harkokin siyasa shayari na Hugo. A duban farko, shi ne mai kaleidoscope na caricature hotuna da kuma al'amuran daga rayuwa. Duk da haka, a cikin tarin yana da kansa na ginin jumla line, kazalika da wani babban matakin da wani tunanin danniya. Sun kawo tare da iri-irin abu a cikin kammala da umurni samfurin.

Viktor Gyugo ya rayayye ciyar da litattafan nau'o'i a lokacin da suka tsaya a tsibirin Jersey. Ya halitta uku litattafan. A 1862 ya bayyana "Les Miserables", a 1866 - "Toilers na Sea", da kuma a 1869 - "The Man Wa ya fashe da dariya". Babban taken waɗannan ayyuka ne jigo na mutane.

siyasa aiki

Ya kamata a ce cewa Victor ya shahara ba kawai a matsayin wani mawãƙi kuma marubuci, amma kuma a matsayin zamantakewa da siyasa himmar aiki. Ya rayayye nemi canza hanya na events a cikin rãyuwar kasar su. A 1872, Viktor Gyugo halitta tarin kira "Munin shekara". Yana da wani irin na poetic labarinsa na da masifu na 1870-71. Lokacin da Faransa dauki bangare a cikin Franco-Prussian War.

A karshe shekaru ransa

Har karshe shekaru ransa ba sõmammu da ayyukan marubucin. A karshe lokacin da ya aiki ya bayyana da wadannan tarin wakoki da kuma waqe: a 1877 - "The art na zama kakan", a 1878 - "The Paparoma", a 1880 - "Jaka", a 1888-83 - "Duk da kirtani na da garaya," da sauransu.

A marubuci ya rasu a 1885, a ranar 22 ga watan Mayu. Faransa jama'a gane mutuwarsa a matsayin kasa bala'i. Ganin Viktora Gyugo karshe tafiya fara grandiose bayyana. Yana da aka samu halartar dubban mutane.

Kahu sosai a Faransa da kuma duniya adabi ayyukan da aka halitta da Viktor Gyugo. Biography, a takaice da ya halitta, ban sha'awa abubuwa game da marubucin - duk wannan da aka sani ga da yawa daga cikin Sahaban. Ba abin mamaki ba, saboda Viktor Gyugo yanzu gane a matsayin classic.