A farko Rasha sarki: tarihi, biography

A ƙarshen XVI karni na farko Rasha sarki an zabe. Sun fara da Ayuba, wanda kafin ya Lardi na Moscow da kuma All Rasha. A lokacin da ya patriarchate da yawa jama'a crises.

farkon shekaru

Future farko Rasha sarki aka haife shi a 1525 a cikin kewayen birni garin Staritsa. A duniya sunansa Ivan. Ya zo daga townspeople. Yaron ya tafi makaranta, wanda yake Staritsky ɗauka cewa sufi.

Har ila yau a 1556, Ivan ya ɗauki zuhudu alkawuransu, wanda aka bai wa sunan Ayuba. A ya yanke shawara don su bada ransa ga coci kai tsaye tasiri Archimandrite Herman. Ayuba ya kasance daya daga cikin mafi ilimi da fitattun mutane a cikin Rasha Orthodox Church. Ya mutuntakar yarda da m zama wani gagarumin mutum a gidan ibadarsa.

Lokacin Ivan da Munin

A lokacin daga 1566 zuwa 1571 a nan gaba farko Rasha sarki aka mazaunin na ƙasarsa Staritsa ɗauka cewa sufi. Zai yiwu, Ayuba zai zauna a wannan wuri na dogon lokaci, idan ba a kusa da birnin Moscow ƙasar ya zama wani ɓangare na garambawul daidai da oprichnina Ivana Groznogo. Saboda haka da mazaunin gana da sarki. Ivan sanya shi mazaunin na sufi. Ayuba zarar ya koma Moscow.

A farkon 80 ta cikin coci shugaban ya farko bishop na Kolomna, sa'an nan Archbishop na Rostov. A farko Rasha sarki, kafin ya zama wani babba fuskar coci, tafiya a kusa da kasar. Ya kuma ya na da wani gagarumin yawan shaidu a cikin jama'a yanayi. A cikin 'yan shekaru, da zamanin mulkin Ivana Groznogo Ayuba ya zama abokai tare da Boris Godunov. Wadannan dangantaka ayyana makomar da Akbishop.

The abubuwan da ake bukata ga mai patriarchate

A 1584 Ivan Grozny mutu. A kan kursiyin ya dansa Theodore, wanda aka bambanta da matalauta kiwon lafiya da kuma dogaro a kan ɗan'uwansa,-a Boris Godunov. M monarch ya fara yin su umarni a Moscow. Ya sanya gajeren aikin da makiya da kuma sanya su muhimmanci gwamnatin matsayi abokai. Daga cikin su shi ne gaba farko Rasha Orthodox sarki.

A 1586 Boris Godunov gudummawar da gaskiyar cewa Ayuba an zabe Lardi na Moscow. A wannan lokaci, shi ne m girma a Rasha Orthodox Church. Metropolitan dogara kawai a kan sarki na Konstantinoful, wanda ya sa'an nan Irmiya II.

Rasha Orthodox Church tun da aka kafa ku yi ɗã'a ga Greek bishops na Byzantine Empire. A karo na farko da metropolitans ba ko da 'yan qasar-haife Slavs, kuma ya zo daga Konstantinoful. Duk da haka, a cikin XVI karni, da halin da ake ciki ya zama quite daban-daban. A 1453, Konstantinoful da aka ci nasarar da Turks. Orthodoxy ya zama a duniya babban birnin kasar musulunci birni. Konstantinoful coci rasa ta tsohon tasiri, kuma ta sarki yake zaune a kai su bauta.

Wannan zai iya ba ya shafar yanayi a Moscow. Ivan Grozny shi ne na farko Rasha Tsar, wanda ya dauki wannan suna (a gaskiya, shi ne daidaita mallaka, watau Byzantine). Amma idan siyasa Moscow ja layi a ƙarƙashinsu ta tadawa, da addini jirgin sama - ba tukuna.

garambawul kungiyar

A 1586, da Moscow hukumomi sun samu wani m uzuri ga karshe shirya da kafa nasu patriarchate. A wannan lokaci, a yammacin kasar Rasha ziyarci Joachim. Da shi shi ne sarki na Antakiya - da shugaban daya daga cikin gabashin majami'u. Joachim aika da wasika zuwa Moscow da wani request don ba da damar shigarwa zuwa sarauta babban birnin kasar. Da shi shi ne karo na farko bayan faduwar Konstantinoful, lokacin da sarki ya ziyarci Kremlin. A Moscow farin ciki request. Yehoyakim hanya jira don kawai uku ofisoshin jakadancin.

Sarki na Antakiya gana da Tsar Fedor Ivanovich. To, akwai mutane da farko yarjejeniya a kan kafa Rasha patriarchate. Don gudanar da wani hanya na kafa, Moscow da neman goyon bayan na dukan manyan Eastern Ikklisiya. Joachim shi ne na farko sarki na wannan jerin. Bayan ya bar Rasha, ya fara nan da nan shirye-shirye domin wani muhimmin garambawul na coci.

The rawa Godunov

Babban Mafarin kafa na patriarchate a Rasha da aka, ba shakka, Boris Godunov. Ga shi, shi ne wani muhimmin mataki ba kawai a cikin addini a matsayin a cikin harkokin siyasa da hankali. Tun Fedor ya a kan kursiyin, da ɗan'uwansa a cikin dokar shi ne a zahiri shine mai mulkin kasar. Duk da haka, da yake nema zuwa nan gaba, a fili mafarkin wani kursiyi. A yanayi kasance a kan gefen Godunov. Fedor da Irina (Boris ta 'yar'uwarsa) basu da' ya'ya, wanda zai zama da bin doka iya matsawa iko.

Godunov ya tafin m. Ga shi an muhimmanci ga iko da daukacin jihar na'ura. The Church a gare shi ya kasance wani muhimmin siyasa da kayan aiki. Saboda haka, sarki ya ƙane so don samun biyayya ga sarki.

A wannan rawa Godunov nan da nan ya zabi Ayuba. Tsakanin su kasance dogon-tsaye dangantakar dõgara. Kamar yadda lokaci ya nuna, na farko Rasha Orthodox sarki ya kasance da aminci ally Godunov ko da a cikin mafi wuya lokacin domin shi.

sarki

Ayuba ya sa sarki Fabrairu 5, 1589. Da farko manyan aukuwa a cikin sabon rawar da ya taimaka da Jojiyanci sarki Alexander. Wannan monarch aka kama a tarko tsakanin biyu iko Musulmi iko - Turkey da na Farisa. Domin ko ta yaya ajiye kasar su, Alexander samu da Rasha dan kasa.

Yanzu da Jojiyanci monarch bukatar taimako a maido da oda a coci al'amura. Just a wannan lokaci, na farko Rasha sarki Ayuba ya zama. Ya rubuta wa sarki biyu manyan haruffa da cewa an kiyaye su mu kwana. A cikin haruffa, da sarki ya Alexander shawara domin magance Litattafansu wanda raba Orthodox Church a Georgia. Ayuba zabi 'yan painters da kuma masu ilimin tauhidi. Su aka aika zuwa Caucasus rayar Jojiya ta rayuwar Kirista. The tsira haruffa cewa na farko da sarki na Rasha Orthodox Church aika zuwa Alexander, dalĩlin mai koyo da kuma erudition. Na ce: to da shekaru ciyar a cikin gidajen lama. A daidai wannan lokaci da Ayuba mana soki ba kawai Litattafansu da kuma Musulmi, amma kuma tsakanin Katolika da Furotesta.

Saka hannu cikin manufofin jama'a

Lokacin da na farko Rasha sarki Ayuba ya zama, Boris Godunov fata ya make shi da goyon baya a cikin tsarin na wadanda mutane iko. Wannan shirin ya cin nasara. Gaskiyar cewa Ayuba, sabanin dukan magabata (ko da metropolitans), ya tsunduma cikin harkokin jama'a. Bayan wani kullum sabis a cikin Church, sarki na Moscow tafi da tarurruka na da Boyar Duma, inda ya kare da kuma ciyar da ra'ayin Boris Godunov a wani bangare na musamman da manufofin.

Amma ko da kafin wannan ra'ayi magabata Ayuba auna mai yawa. A kan allon sarki, inda dukan jihar Elite halarta, bisa al'ada na farko sarki na Rasha Orthodox Church samu da hakkin ya yi magana a farkon taron. Mai tsoron Allah Fedor ko da yaushe a hankali ya saurari maganar shawara da umarnin.

A zaben na farko Rasha sarki, ko da a kan m matakin ya kula canza jihar tushe. Yanzu shugaban Rasha Orthodox Church ya hukuma ya zama mutum na biyu a kasar. A kafadu sa mai girma mai ɗaukar kãya da alhakin, kamar shi ko ba. Wannan manufa ta soma Rasha daga Rum. The Empire a kowane lokaci, da sarki da sarki sun kusan m Figures.

coci harkokin

Hakika, da zaben na farko Rasha sarki hade da sunan Borisa Godunova. A 1598, ya karshe, a karshe ya zama sarki bayan mutuwar wanda ya gada, Fyodor Ivanovich. Godunov bai kasance a cikin mini ne mulki Rurik daular. Yana ba ya ƙara yiwuwa a cikin idanu da ya boyars. Duk da haka, sabon sarki, ya kafa wuya tafin kafa ikon yanayin.

Zaben Ayuba (na farko Rasha sarki) Godunov ya zama dole domin ya samu karin goyon baya a lokacin da ya kasance kawai wani kimantawa na monarch. Yanzu halin da ake ciki ya canza, da kuma shugaban na Church kusan daina shiga cikin rayuwar al'umma.

Maimakon haka, Ayuba ya dauki sama da Christianization na Volga yankin Siberia. Waɗannan ƙasashe an kwanan shiga zuwa Rasha. Su rai sarari Musulmai da yawa da Majusawa. Name farko Rasha sarki dangantaka da bude daga majami'u a wadannan yankuna. Christianization na Siberia da Volga yankin ya layi daya zuwa ga ambaliya na Rasha yawan daga cikin tsakiyar yankunan.

maƙiyi Falsdmitry

Boris Godunov bai iya ci gaba da zaman lafiya a kasar su. Rasha bugi farko yunwa da ya kai ga tashin daga cikin mutane. A m buga gama sarki ya fitowan arya Dmitry. Mayaudarin zo tare da sojoji da yawa don Moscow. Godunov kuvuta daga azaba mai halitta mutuwa a wata liyafa.

Bayan mutuwarsa, shi ya bayyana cewa Ayuba bai fãce da mutunci da sarki. Magoya bayan na arya Dmitri kãma shi da kuma aika zuwa gudun hijira a ƙasarsa ta Staritskiy sufi. Ba da da ewa a Moscow ta sanar Lzhedmitry. A nasa umarni, kashe Fedora Godunova - Boris ta dan, wanda yake sarauta kawai 'yan makonni.

fitar

Ko kafin bayyanar a Moscow arya Dmitry ya zamani haramun. Daga cikin coci excommunicated shi na farko Rasha sarki. Biography of wannan hierarch fa, tã yi mana adam, ba watsi da akida, da kuma biyayya ga rightful sarki. Lokacin da Fedor aka kashe, Ayuba koma birnin da kuma gudanar da wani sabis a ɗauka cewa Cathedral a cikin Kremlin. Domin wannan ya aka kama shi kuma ya aiko bautar talala. Falsdmitry Magoya so kamar yadda zai yiwu a kunyatar da tamanin da shekaru mutum. Tare da yage sarki tufafin da kuma fitar daga babban birnin kasar.

Maimakon Iova Otrepev zabe sarki Ignatius ya mataimaki. Duk da haka, da hanya ga nadin nasa ya sabawa doka. Bisa ga ƙa'ida, Ayuba (na farko Rasha sarki) da aka ba ko da a hana wa mutunci, ko da yake ya aka fitar daga Moscow.

Gyaran fuska da kuma mutuwa

Jimawa Lzhedmitry rasa iko. Ya kewaye kansa da Dogayen sanda-Katolika, wanda aka sosai ba son talakawa mutane. Boyars su ma a kan ƙãƙalen faɗarsa domin ya girman kai yanayi. A 1606, an tawaye ya barke a Moscow. Arya Dmitriy kokarin gudu, amma an kama da kuma kashe.

Ikon da aka canjawa wuri zuwa Moscow boyars. Sun zaɓi sarki Vasiliya Shuyskogo. A sabon monarch gyara Ayuba. Da farko sarki ko koma zuwa Moscow. Duk da haka, da haihuwa ya ƙi ya sake zama shugaban coci. By lokacin da yake kusan makafi da aka tsanani da rashin lafiya. Ayuba ya kõma zuwa ga 'yan qasar Staritsa, inda ya rasu a 1607. A farko sarki ya binne a wani gida sufi. A XVII karni, ya rage da aka mayar da su cikin ɗauka cewa Cathedral na Kremlin. Rasha Orthodox Church canonized tsarkaka a fuskar Ayuba.