Wanene Boris Godunov? Tarihin Tsar Boris Fedorovich Godunov

A cikin mutanen zamani, tambayar "Wanene Boris Godunov?" Ba zai zama matsala ba. Da sunansa da wuri, wanda ke da damuwa da jerin wasu masu tsatstsauran ra'ayi na Rasha, sun kasance sananne sosai. Amma a halin yanzu ra'ayin mutum na halin kirki mai kyau shine wani lokacin mawuyacin hali. Bayar da haraji ga tunanin jihar da kuma siyasar da shekaru dari da suka gabata kafin gyarawa na Peter I, an yi ta ba da labarin yin amfani da karfi har ma a kashe kansa. Halin Boris Godunov ya kasance batun tattaunawa na tsawon ƙarni da yawa a yanzu.

Hanyar zuwa iko

Bisa labarin da aka yi, tarihin Allahunov ya samo asali ne daga ɗaya daga cikin manyan shugabannin Tatar, a lokacin Ivan Kalita ya zauna a Moscow kuma ya bauta wa babban Duke bangaskiya da gaskiya. Kwanan nan mai mulkin Rasha, Boris Feodorovich Godunov, wanda labarin rayuwarsa ya zama misalin farfadowa na zamantakewar al'umma, ya haife shi a 1552 a cikin dan gidan maigidan Vyazemsky Uyezd. Idan ba don haɗuwa da farin ciki ba, sunansa ba zai taba bayyana a tarihin tarihin Rasha ba.

Amma, kamar yadda ka sani, al'amarin yana son wadanda suka san yadda za su yi amfani da shi. Mata da yara mai girma Boris ne kawai daga irin wannan mutane. Ya yi amfani da kariya ga kawunsa, wanda ya zama daya daga cikin manyan sarakuna a zamanin Ivan da Tsoro, kuma, bayan da ya shiga cikin matsayi na opristniki, wanda ya bar hankalin da ya faru a cikin tarihi, ya sami matsayi na autocrat kuma ya tafi ga abokansa mafi kusa. Lokacin da ya zama surukin Malyuta Skuratov, daya daga cikin wakilai mafi girma da kuma mafi banƙyama a cikin wannan zamanin, sai ya zama matsayi na karshe.

Mutuwar Tsar, wanda ya bude sabon burin Boris

Mataki na gaba zuwa taron na iko shi ne auren 'yar'uwarsa Irina tare da magada ga kursiyin, dan Ivan da mummunan, mai raunana Tsarevich Fedor. Wannan ya yarda da ɗan gidan Vyazemsky ya zama daya daga cikin mutane mafi iko a lokacin. Masana tarihi sun yarda cewa a cikin shekarun da suka wuce a rayuwarsa sarki da ke da raunin zuciya ya dauki mafi yawan yanke shawara a ƙarƙashin rinjayar Allahunov.

Amma hakikanin lokacin da Boris Godunov ya fara bayan mutuwar Ivan da Tsoro da kuma shiga gadon sarautar ɗansa. Yarda da daular sarauta ta hanyar doka ta maye gurbin gadon sarauta, Fedor ba zai iya mulkin kasar ba sabili da jinkirin tunanin tunanin mutum, kuma ya yi wannan aikin, an kafa majalisa mai mulki. Mahaifiyar marigayin sarki ba ta shigar da shi ba, amma, ta hanyar irin abubuwan da ke tattare da shi, sun kasance suna sarrafa mulkin a cikin shekaru goma sha huɗu na mulkin surukinsa.

Ayyuka don jin dadin jihar

Wannan lokaci ya alama da yawa daga cikin ayyukansa na ci gaba. Na gode wa Godunov, Ikklesiyar Orthodox ta Rasha ta zama abin ƙyama. Ana jagorancin sarki Ayuba, wanda ya kara girma a duniya. A cikin jihohin wadannan shekarun nan, an gina gine-gine da birni. Sarki mai tsabta kuma mai hankali, Allahunov ya kira daga cikin kasashen waje mafi kyawun gine-gine, wanda ya ba da gudummawa ga ci gaba da gine-gine na Rasha.

A cikin babban babban birnin ayyukansa an gabatar da shi ba tare da wata sanarwa game da waɗannan lokuta ba, watau inganci - wani bututu na ruwa, wanda aka tanadar da pumps kuma ya haɗu da Kogin Moscow tare da Dutsen Stables. Don kare garin daga Tatar invasions, Godunov ya fara gina gine-ginen kilomita tara na White City da kuma jerin tsararru da suka kasance a kan shafin yanar gizon Zuwa na yanzu. Mun gode da su, an ceto babban birnin a lokacin da aka kai hari a Khan Kazi-Giray a 1591.

Mutuwar 'yar karamar dangi a kursiyin

A daidai wannan shekara ta 1591, wani taron ya faru, sakamakon haka ne batun wanda Boris Godunov ya kasance a cikin Rasha shine mai ba da taimako ko kuma mai cin hanci ba zai iya samun amsar amsa ba har sai yau. Gaskiyar ita ce, ranar 11 ga watan Mayu, a cikin al'amuran da ba a sani ba, ɗan ƙaramin ɗayan Ivan da Tsoro ya mutu - Tsarevich Dimitry, wanda ta hannun dama shi ne magada ga kursiyin. Kowane mutum ya san cewa Allahunov ya yi mafarki a kan kursiyin sarki, sabili da haka sanannun jita-jitar ya bayyana shi laifi ne mai tsanani.

Kashewar hukumar bincike, da aka aika zuwa Uglich, inda al'amarin ya faru, bai taimaka ko dai ba. A banza, shugabansa, Prince Vasily Shuisky, ya kira dalilin mutuwar hadarin. Wannan kawai ya ƙarfafa jita-jita cewa an yi makirci a cikin fadar tare da manufar kafa wani mai kashe da yaro, Godunov Godunov, zuwa gadon sarauta. Ko da nasarorin da aka samu a manufofin kasashen waje da ƙasashe sun koma gare su, sun rasa a lokacin Livonian War, ba su canza juyayi gaba daya ba.

Sanin mafarki

A watan Satumba 1598 (Godunova Borisa Fedorovicha biography - kai tsaye hujja) cewa mutum ta canja rayuwa abruptly - bayan mutuwar Tsar Fedor Ivanovich Zemsky Sobor ya ba shi haihuwa hat Monomakh. Ƙididdigar mulkin shekaru bakwai ya fara. Daga farkon kwanakin farko sabuwar manufar tsar ta danganci zumunci tare da West, wanda ya ba da dama ya samo shi a cikin al'amuran al'ada tare da mulkin autocrat Bitrus I, wanda ya gane shi sosai.

Kamar yadda aka sake mayar da Rasha, Godunov yayi kokari don haɗakar da nasarorinsa ga cimma nasarar wayewar duniya. A ƙarshe, ya rubuta wa 'yan kasuwa da yawa daga Moscow wadanda suka bar wata sananne a cikin tarihin kasar. Daga cikin su, tare da masana kimiyya da kuma gine-ginen, sun kasance wakilai ne na 'yan kasuwa, wadanda suka zama masu zane na iyalan masu cin amana. Rundunar sojan Rasha, wadda wasu masana kimiyya na kasashen waje suka cika, sun kuma amfane wannan manufar.

Matsayi - asiri da bayyane

Amma, duk da farkon kyakkyawar tsar, tsattsauran ra'ayoyin siyasa, a cikin wakilan tsofaffi na iyalin boya, sun haɗa kai da adawa kuma sun nemi su kawar da sarki wanda ya ƙi shi. Suna asirce da kuma a fili suna ƙoƙari su ƙetare dukan ayyukansa. Lokacin da a shekarar 1601 kasar ta fuskanci mummunan fari wanda ya shafe shekaru uku kuma ya karbi rayukan dubban mutane, yaron ya yada jita-jita tsakanin mutane cewa hukuncin Allah ne na jinin marar laifi wanda aka kashe Tsarevich Dimitri.

Lokacin da yake ƙoƙari ya ƙetare abokansa na ciki, Allahunov ya tilasta masa ya shiga rikici. Yawancin garuruwan da aka kashe a shekarun nan ko kuma sun aika da gudun hijira. Amma 'yan uwansu sun kasance sun ƙi, suka ƙi tsar kuma sun sanya masa mummunar haɗari. Har ila yau, sun yi ƙoƙari su kafa wasu duhu a kan Boris.

Mutuwar kawo karshen rayuwa da mulki

Babban masifar a gare shi shi ne bayyanar False Dmitri, wanda yayi kama da Tsarevich Dimitri. Maƙarƙashiya a ko'ina yana baza labarin karya game da inda ya fito da wanda yake shi. Boris Godunov, kamar yadda ya iya, ya yi ƙoƙarin tsayayya da shi, amma ƙoƙarinsa ba shi da amfani - masu adawa sun yi aiki. Mutane sun yarda da ladabi cewa labarun suna yadawa kuma suka ƙi shi.

Tarihin Tsar Boris Fedorovich Godunov ya ƙunshi asirin da yawa. Daya daga cikin su shine yanayin mutuwarsa, wanda ya faru ranar 13 ga Afrilu, 1605. Kodayake cewa lafiyar sarki a wannan lokaci ya dame shi sosai ta hanyar aiki da damuwa da damuwa, akwai dalilin yin la'akari da mutuwar Boris. Masu bincike guda ɗaya sun gan shi a matsayin rawar jiki daga rai.

Tambayoyi da dama da suka danganci wannan, da nisa daga talakawa, hali na tarihi yana jiran ɗaukar su. Mu kawai mun san wanda Boris Godunov yake, amma abin da ke cikin zurfin yawancin mutumin da yake ɓoye ne daga idanunmu.