Zanen: Renaissance. Creativity na Italian artists na Renaissance

Renaissance - fassara daga Faransanci na nufin "abu akan sake haihuwa". An don haka mai suna wani dukan zamanin, NUNA ilimi da kuma m flowering na Turai da al'adunsu. A Tarurrukan aka haife shi a Italiya a farkon na XIV karni da kuma kai da ganiya a XVI karni, ushering a zamanin Fading al'adu ƙi, kuma stagnation (zamanin na tsakiyar zamanai), wanda aka dogara ne a kan dabbanci da jahilci.

A karo na farko a kan Renaissance rubuta tarihi na Italian asalin, fenta kuma marubucin littattafai game da rayuwar shahara artists, sculptors da kuma gine-ginen da Dzhordzho Vazari a farkon XVI karni.

Da farko, kalmar "Revival" ana nufin wani lokaci (farkon na XIV karni) samuwar wani sabon kalaman na art. Amma bayan wani lokaci, wannan ra'ayi ya samu gagarumar fassarar da ya zo da nufin dukan epoch na ci gaba da kuma samuwar al'ada, tsaurin feudalism.

Renaissance zamani ne da nasaba da zargin da sabon styles da dabaru na zanen a Italiya. Akwai sha'awa a cikin tsoho images. Secularism kuma anthropocentrism ne na game alama, ciko da sassaka na lokaci, da kuma zanen. Renaissance displaces austerity characterizing tsakiyar zamanai. Zo sha'awa cikin dukan kõme rãyuwar, m kyau na halitta da kuma, ba shakka, mutum. Renaissance artists kusanci da ya gani na jikin mutum daga kimiyya ra'ayi, kokarin aiki fitar da dukan abin da karami daki-daki. The zane-zane ne mai idon basira. Zanen cike yake da musamman style. An kafa asali canons na iyawa a art. Yadu rarraba sabon ra'ayi na falsafa da ake kira "humanism", bisa ga abin da mutum ya aka dauke su da mafi darajar.

Art al'ada Renaissance

flourishing ruhu yana da m magana a cikin zane-zane na lokaci da kuma cika musamman son sha'awa zanen. Renaissance ta haɗu da al'adu da kimiyya. Artists fara ganin art a matsayin wani reshe na ilmi, karatu sosai da Physiology mutum da duniya kewaye da mu. Wannan ya yi domin mafi realistically nuna gaskiyar Allah ta halittar kuma da events a kan canvases. Da yawa da hankali da aka biya zuwa siffar addini batutuwa da suka samu a duniya ciki godiya ga fasaha na 'yan baiwa kamar Leonardo Vinci.

Akwai biyar, saukarwa a cikin ci gaban Italian art na Renaissance.

International (kotu) Gothic

Wanne ya samo asali a farkon XIII karni Gothic kotun (ducento) ne halin da ya wuce kima kwanyarsa, pomposity da pretentiousness. Babban irin zane-zane ne a dada bagaden tare da wani hoto na batutuwa. Artists amfani tempera Paint don ƙirƙirar ya zane-zane. A Renaissance arziki shahara membobin wannan lokaci, misali, kamar Italiya da painters Vittore Karpachcho kuma Sandro Bottichelli.

Pre-Renaissance lokaci (Protorenessans)

A na gaba mataki, wanda aka yi imanin cewa tsammani a lokacin Renaissance, kira Protorenessans (trecento) da ya auku a karshen XIII - farkon XIV karni. A dangane da m ci gaba da bil'adama duniya Kai tarihi lokaci ya bayyana ciki duniya mutum, ransa, yana mai zurfi m ma'anar, amma a lokaci guda yana da sauki da kuma bayyana tsarin. Addini scenes Fade cikin bango, da kuma cikin wadanda mutane an haddasa, kuma a matsayin babban harafin tsaye wani mutum da ya ji, fuska da ishãra. Akwai na farko hotuna na Italian Renaissance, ranking gumaka. Famous artists wannan lokaci - Giotto, Pietro Lorenzetti.

farkon Renaissance

A farkon da XIV karni fara mataki na farkon Renaissance (quattrocento), NUNA flourishing zanen da rashin addini batutuwa. Fuskoki a kan gumaka zama da jinsunan mutane da kuma wuri mai faɗi a matsayin Genre a zanen, bautar wani raba alkuki. The kafa na farkon Renaissance m al'ada Mozachcho abubuwa, bisa manufar wanda shi ne m. Ya zane-zane suna da wani babban labarun almara. Great Masters diddigin mikakke kuma m hangen zaman gaba, Anatomy da kuma amfani da ilimi a cikin ayyukansu, inda za ka iya ganin daidai uku-girma sarari. Wakilai daga cikin farkon Renaissance ne Sandro Botticelli, Piero della Francesca, Pollaiuolo, Verrocchio.

High Renaissance ko "Golden Age"

Tun karshen karni XV fara zamani high Renaissance (cinquecento) da kuma dade gwada da takaice, kafin XVI karni. Yana zama cibiyar Venice da kuma Roma. Artists fadada akida sãsanni da kuma sha'awar a cikin halittu. Man bayyana a cikin image na gwarzo, cika duka biyu baxini da kuma zahirance. Figures wannan lokaci suna dauke su Leonardo Vinci, Raphael, Titian Vecellio, Buonarrotti Michelangelo da sauransu. Babban mai zane-zane na Italian Renaissance Leonardo Vinci wani "duniya mutum" da ya kasance yana isar search for gaskiya. Kamawa sassaka, wasan kwaikwayo, iri-iri na kimiyya da gwaje gwajen kimiyya, ya gudanar ya gano lokacin zanen. Creation "Madonna a cikin duwatsu" graphically nuna generated style fenta haske da launi, cikinsa da fili ne na haske da kuma inuwa halitta sakamakon girma da kuma sanannen "Mona Lisa" An yi ta amfani da dabara na "smuffato", samar da mafarki na hazo.

Late Renaissance

A lokacin da marigayi Renaissance, wanda ya auku a farkon na XVI karni, akwai wani irin kãmu da kuma looting na birnin Roma ta Jamus sojojin. Wannan taron ya zamo farkon zamanin nau'i nau'i. Roman cibiyar al'adu ta daina zama majiɓinci, tare da shahararrun Figures, kuma su aka tilasta fasa zuwa wasu Turai birane. A sakamakon isowar discrepancies tsakanin ra'ayoyi da bangaskiyar Kirista da kuma humanism a karshen cikin XV karni Mannerism zama m style cewa characterizes zanen. Renaissance ne a hankali zuwa ga ƙarshe, saboda da tushen wannan salon da aka dauke su a kyakkyawan hanya da cewa overshadows ra'ayin duniya jituwa, gaskiya da kuma ikonsa na da dalili. Creativity zama hadaddun da yakan mallaki fasali na adawa da daban-daban kwatance. Brilliant aiki ne da aka sani artists kamar Paolo Veronese Tinoretto Jacopo Pontormo (Karruchchi).

Italiya ta zama cibiyar al'adu na zanen da ya ba da duniya m artists wannan lokaci, wanda hotuna da kuma har yanzu samar da wani tunanin ni'ima.

Bugu da kari a Italiya, ci gaban fasaha da zane da wani muhimmin wuri a sauran kasashen Turai. Yana da aka mai suna a gare Arewa Renaissance. Musamman irin Faransa zanen na Renaissance, wanda ya girma a kan da kansa ƙasa. A ƙarshen shekara ɗari 'War kai ga ya karu jama'a jama'a da kuma ci gaban bil'adama. A Faransa art akwai hakikanci, sadarwa da ilimin kimiyya, da janye zuwa images of tsufa. Dukan waɗannan fasalulluka kawo shi zuwa ga Italian, amma gaban ban tausayi bayanin kula a cikin zane-zane ne da wani gagarumin bambanci. Famous artists na Renaissance a Faransa - Angerran Sharonton, Nikola Fromana, Zhan Fuke, Zhan Klue Senior.