"Zenit" roka. Booster 11K77 ( "Zenith")

RN 11K77 «Zenit» - Intermediate aji, tsara don ajiye cikin Duniya madawwama biyu a cikin atomatik yanayin zaman jama'a da kuma soja da tauraron dan adam da kuma manned kumbon sama jannati. Akwai biyu bayan da uku-mataki gyara. A kananzir amfani da man fetur sa WG-1 da kuma ruwa oxygen.

MISALI yardatayya da m

A wannan tambaya na da makami mai linzami "Zenit" Rasha ko Ukrain, ba sauki amsa. Babban tsarin abubuwa da aka tsara a Dnepropetrovsk CB "Southern"} o} arin na Soviet injiniyoyi da masana kimiyya. Bayan auka daga cikin Wadanda mutane Union Design ofishin zo a karkashin iko na Ukraine, kiyaye profile aiki da kuma ci gaban da "Zenit" jerin. Gina makamai masu linzami da kuma da za'ayi a kan Dnepropetrovsk kamfanin "Yuzhmash".

A halin yanzu, muhimmanci zane abubuwa ɓullo da kuma kerarre da Rasha Enterprises. A musamman, boosters alama "DM" samar RKK "Energy", da ruwa roka injuna RD 171 da RD-171M - NPO "ENERGOMASH". A general, Rasha da kamfanonin samar da 70% na gyara. Za mu iya cewa da "Zenith" - Ukrainian roka, kuma ta shaƙewa - Rasha.

Tarihi na halitta

CB "ta Kudu" da aka asali raya biyu-mataki roka "Zenith" tare da index 11K77 a cikin marigayi 1970s - farkon shekarun 1980s, bisa ga aiki na ma'aikatar tsaron kasar da Tarayyar Soviet da jefa abin hawa da zai ba ka damar da sauri da kuma nagarta sosai cika kungiyar na soja da tauraron dan adam.

Haka kuma, idan aka zayyana na musamman da hankali da aka biya don AMINCI, sauƙi na amfani da gudun shiri domin jefa, wanda aka samu ta hanyar m amfani da standardization da kuma aiki da kai. Boosters nauyi aji da definition, ba zai iya zama mobile, don haka da zanen kaya sun mayar da hankali a kan zayyana RN tsakiyar aji.

Ya bambanta da tsarin ci gaba a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, a cikin wannan zane yana amfani da mafi m fasaha horo da kuma fara-up, ɓullo SRI SK, SE abokin "CB" Southern "a da yawa ayyukan.

Aiwatar da jirgin

A wasansa na farko ƙaddamar da m roka ya faru a cikin watan Afrilu na shekarar 1985, wanda ya abnormally matsayin maimaita. Nasara farko-up da za'ayi a watan Oktoba na shekarar 1985. Da farko, da hadaddun aka mayar da hankali a kan aiki fitarwa na soja da tauraron dan adam da kuma dual-yin amfani da tsarin, amma daga baya, akwai wani motsi da kaddamar da kasuwanci da tauraron dan adam.

A na biyu yanki na aikace-aikace na asali version of "Zenit-2» 11K77 ya tabbatar da jirgin zuwa tashar sararin samaniya "Mir" tare da ma'aikatan jirgin. Don bin duk bukatun ga jefa motocin manned kumbon sama jannati a cikin "Zenit" yi babba ciki redundancy da kuma dauka da yawa wasu matakan inganta AMINCI aka sa shi.

Babban zane sigogi

"Zenith" - roka, wanda fasaha halaye da kuma zane sigogi dace da mafi} asashen duniya. Cancanci musamman da hankali da cewa fiye da 90% na jimlar taro na matakai dole su man fetur rabo. Saboda haka, yi na biyu, saukarwa ne daya daga cikin mafi kyau a cikin zamani astronautics.

Game da 1st mataki shi ne sun fi mayar saboda da high yi RD171M engine, kazalika da rashin kaikaice boosters. Babu gefen accelerators kara simplifies da shiri domin jefa, kamar yadda daya daga cikin manyan bambance-bambance tsakanin "Zenit" a kan sauran jefa motocin. Bugu da ƙari kuma, mataki zane ne ya fi dacewa, rage yawan pyrotechnic na'urorin, da kuma kuma qara overall AMINCI ta kawar da buƙata domin a rabuwa inji gefe accelerators. Bugu da kari, wani m kewayon da tanadin duk bulan na jirgin damar gabatar da na "Zenith" a daban-daban iska gudu da kuma a cikin daban-daban yanayi, wanda kuma taimaka wa dace da daidai kau da dangi.

asali tsarin

A cikin RN yana da cikakken sa na kan-jirgin kayan lantarki domin aiki na telemetry tsarin. Jirgin Telemetry System "Shi'ira" TMI samar da watsa a kan biyu raba tashoshin rediyo zuwa data kasance NPC, located a cikin ƙasa na Rasha.

Rabuwa matakai - "dumi": ta yin amfani da tuƙi engine farkon mataki 2, undermining mezhstupennyh inji sadarwa da kuma braking da hudu SRM gaßoßi ɓangare na mataki na farko. Bayan ta kau to wani hadari nesa gudanar boosters 2nd mataki.

RN shigar a kan wadannan tsarin domin tabbatar da aiki da kuma aiki na jirgin:

• kula da tsarin.
• ji tsarin.
• ya ce m man fetur samar da tsarin da aka gyara.
• man fetur amfani kula da tsarin.
• MOTA KE SHAN MAI kula da tsarin.
• jirgin tsaro.
• iska zazzabi kula da tsarin na wani babban matsin .
• Yawan zafin jiki kula abubuwa.
• thermostating tsarin abubuwa.
• a na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa tsarin.
• pozharopreduprezhdeniya tsarin.

modernization

"Zenit-2" bayan da rushewar Tarayyar Soviet ba sunk zuwa abu wulakantacce. Ukrainian kamfanin "Yuzhmash" ci gaban "Zenith" aikin a kusa da hadin gwiwa tare da kasar Rasha da kuma kasashen waje abokan. makami mai linzami tsarin, kyale a gudanar da gabatar da daga ƙasa ( "Zenit-2SL B", "Zenit-3SL B", "Zenit-3SL BF") da kuma daga cikin teku dandamali ( "Zenit-3SL") an ci gaba. Kusan duk farawa da makamai masu linzami ƙasar-tushen da za'ayi a Baikonur.

International aikin "Sea Launch" da aka shirya a 1995 da kokarin da American kamfanin Boeing Commercial Space (40% na babban birnin kasar), da Rasha RKK "Energy" (25%), Ukrainian Software "Pivdenmash" da kuma CB "ta Kudu" (jimlar rabo na 15%) kuma Norwegian shipbuilders Aker Solutions (20%). Manufar na Kamfanin yanzu more dace da kudin-tasiri gabatar da na teku "Odyssey" dandali located a ekweita. Demonstrative makami mai linzami gwaje-gwaje shige nasara. Tun 1999 an za'ayi 32 nasara kasuwanci jefa tare da "Zenit-3SL», da kuma 4 gaza. A lokacin, saboda mummunan aukuwa a Ukraine, da Ukrainian gefe a cikin aikin ta dakatar da sa hannu.

mataki na farko

A yi na mataki na farko na "Zenit" ya hada da:

• mezhstupennuyu firam.
• RD171 (RD171M) engine.
• mai wutsiya sashe.
• man fetur da kuma oxidizer tankuna.

Mezhstupennaya frame wakiltar wani sauyin daki welded truss. Ta saka gefen jirgin elektropnevmorazemov samar sadarwa tsarin, jefa abin hawa da kuma kumbon sama jannati da ya dace ƙasa-tushen tsarin don fara ILV.

The man fetur tankuna an sanya PGSP aiki da aka gyara, da kwamfuta; VHC, Surte, a cikin oxidizer tank, haka ma, da pressurization tsarin shigar cylinders. A wutsiya sashe aka sanya RD171M hudu-jam'iyya engine wanda via shaft Frames shigar a kan ƙananan karshen firam.

engine RD171

A ikon shuka da aka tsara don ƙirƙirar gogayya da kuma kula da o} arin da dukkan tashoshi RCN karfafawa. Wannan engine aka shigar a farkon matakai na duk gyare-gyare "Zenit". Roka da aka yanzu sanye take da m RD171M gyara. A engine zane canje-canje da aka nufin inganta ta AMINCI da yi.

A RD171 sami yin amfani da karin ci-gaba masana'antu da fasaha na ruwa roka injuna ci gaba da Rasha kamfanoni a cikin filin na engine. A halin yanzu RD171M gyara ne mafi iko LRE a duniya, ta dirka wa masomin (a cikin ƙasa) ne 740.

A mataki na biyu

A yi na mataki na biyu na "Zenit" ya hada da:

• kayan aiki module.
• boosters RD-120;
• RD8 tuƙi engine.
• oxidizer da man fetur tankuna.
• wutsiya sashe.

Da kayan aiki a koyaushe babban bangare located jirgin lantarki na'ura kula da tsarin da kuma ji da tsarin. A man fetur tankuna, kamar yadda a mataki na farko, da na'urori masu auna sigina aka shirya Surte, VHC, PGSP aiki da aka gyara a cikin oxidizer tank - cylinders supercharging tsarin.

Tail sashe tare da cylindrical riveted tsarin ambulan ruwansa da mota block kunshi wani twin engine propulsion RD-120 da kuma yan hudu tuƙi RD8 engine.

"Zenith": da roka da kuma ta bayani dalla-dalla

A lokacin aiki na jefa motocin "Zenith" iri daban-daban na 82 farko-up da aka za'ayi, mafi yawan karshe gaba daya nasara (69 yana farawa), 4 - partially m, da sauran abnormally.

• Makami mai linzami tsawon: 57-59,6 m.
• Number of saukarwa 2 ko 3.
• Matsakaicin diamita 3.9 m.
• Dangi: 15 ton ga Sea Launch tsarin, 13.7 m - domin nazarin sasannin tsarin.
• An fara nauyi: 445-462 tons.

Duk da misali na nasara hadin kan kasa da kasa shirin "Zenith", da makami mai linzami a halin yanzu ba ta samar saboda da m halin da ake ciki a Ukraine.