1572, Battle of matasa (a takaice)

A tarihin 'yan adam - a takaice jerin iko dauloli da m yaƙe-yaƙe. A XVI karni a heyday ya Ottoman daular. A cewar da yawa da shaidunka, shi ne siyasa, tattalin arziki, da kuma mafi muhimmanci, sojoji fi dukan sauran jama'a ilimi a wannan lokaci.

"A waɗannan kwanaki, da m, da yanzu almara"

Rum fadi a karkashin mãsu alãma daga cikin Turks, suka relentlessly rufe a kan arewa maso yammacin. Warwatse mulkoki, kananan hukumomi da mulkoki (wanda a wancan lokaci da kuma kasashen Turai) ba zai rama wannan mãsu alãma daga kome.

A halin yanzu, a gẽfen gabas balaga da wani karfi. Yana dã ba su suka kwaɓe Ivana Groznogo, komai da maniac sani ba sarki a cikin makaranta manhaja, da Sarkin sarakuna, ya kasance wani talented da kuma augmentation na yankunan Radel, yayin da tsunduma a cikin garambawul daga cikin sojojin da kuma karkashin shugabancin tsakiya ikon.

Tatars wakilta wani barazana ga kasar. Manyan magoya don a ƙona, fashi kowa kamar yadda makwabta ba na son, cewa matasa tsar (Ivan IV ya kawai 17 a lokacin da ya yi nasara Kazan a 1552-m) saita fita zuwa nasara da sabon asashe da kuma nasara. Shekaru hudu daga baya, da m Rurikovich dauki wani kuma Astrakhan, kuma ya kasance a kusa da kusanci zuwa ga Crimea, wanda daura da wani talakansa dangantaka da iko Ottoman Empire.

bad makwabta

Sultan miƙa Tsar na Muscovy angarorin - ya ƙi. Babu wani abu mai kyau Rasha jihar aka yi alkawarin ba, amma lokaci bai zo hukunci yaƙi: a 1572, yakin da matasa da kuma unprecedented shan kashi na Tatars kasance har yanzu masu zuwa. A cikin shekaru Crimeans yi girman quite kangararru ne hanya, da kuma a 1571 da Tatars dauki tsanani horo tafiya zuwa Rasha, kuma ya ya yi nasara.

Army Devlet Giray gudanar (da taimakon cin amanar) haye Oka, to isa Moscow da kuma ƙone katako gari - tsira kawai wani dutse Kremlin. Munin a cikin babban birnin kasar ya ba: ya koya abin da ya faru bayan, da kuma labarai da aka ba ƙarfafa: Baya ga kayan lalacewa da kuma nauyi asarar a kashe da kuma maimed, kurkuku da Tatars sun kashe dubun dubbai na Rasha.

sabon yunƙuri

Ruri da shugaban cin zarafin, sarki ya fara tunanin wani bakin ciki da tunani. A cewar wasu asusun, ya ma son janye daga newfound Astrakhan da Kazan, amma, wahayi zuwa gare ta nasara, da Khan Devlet Giray ba ya so ya shirya domin crumbs: yankan shawara cewa Rasha har yanzu skiff, ya bai shirya for kasa da duk Rasha ƙasa a lokaci daya.

A 1572, ya tafi zuwa Moscow sake, da ciwon shirya more sosai. A cewar daban-daban kafofin, sojojin Khan akwai akalla 80 (daidai da sauran kafofin, game da 120) dubu, da na Sultan podsobil 7 dubu Janissaries, kuma a gaskiya shi ne launi na Ottoman sojojin. Kashe bear ta fata da aka raba ma kafin tafi zuwa ga hanya: Devlet Giray da kansa ya yi ta nanata cewa ya aka faruwa "da mulkin", da kuma Rasha ƙasashe da aka a baya fentin tsakanin m Murzas.

Kuma duk fara haka da kyau ...

Kamfanin iya da kyau ci, sunã mãsu jũyãwa da Rasha tarihi a wani mabanbanta shugabanci. Ba shi yiwuwa a fahimci dalilin da ya sa a makaranta tarihi ba ya bayyana a 1572: yakin matasa, a fili, a zahiri ajiye kasar, da kuma game da shi ya sani kawai wani kunkuntar da'irar kwararru.

A dukan tsiya hanya Tatars, kusan ba tare da hamayya, kai da Oka. A kan iyaka na Kolomna da Serpukhov suka hadu 20000th detachment a karkashin umurnin Prince M. Vorotynsky. Devlet Giray sojoji a yakin bai zo ba. Khan aiko game 2 dubu sojoji zuwa Serpukhov, da kuma babban sojojin sun koma sama da kogin.

Advanced detachment karkashin Murzas Tereberdeya kai Senkin hyundai kuma zare jiki haye kogi, wucewa jera Tarwatsa, jera ta hanyar aika zuwa lahira da ɗari Cordon kare.

Sauran sojojin ketare kusa da kauyen Drakino. Rajimanti Prince Odoevsky yawan game da 1200 mutane, ma, suna da wani sananne juriya iya ba - Rasha suka ci, da kuma Devlet Giray zare jiki tafi kai tsaye zuwa Moscow.

Vorotynsky dauki matsananciyar yanke shawara, a hade tare da babba hadarin: kamar yadda sarki ya umarta, da gwamnan da ya rufe da Khan Muravskiy Way kuma dauki lokaci zuwa Zhizdra kogin, inda aka za a sake saduwa da babban Rasha sojojin.

feint

Prince tunani in ba haka ba, ya tafi da bi na Tatars. Waɗanda suke tafiya a amince, ƙwarai miƙa kuma rasa vigilance, har zo nan a kwanan - 30 (daidai da sauran kafofin, 29 th) na Yuli (1572). Battle of matasa ya zama wani komowar gaskiya, a lokacin da wani karfi gwamnan Dmitry Khvorostinin tare da wani detachment na 2000 (bisa ga wasu kafofin, 5000) Mutane kama Tatars kuma Ya sanya wani mamaki kai hari a kan rearguard na Khan sojojin. Maqiyan rawar jiki: harin bayyana a yi wani m (da - muni har yanzu - m) mamaki.

Lokacin da jarumi Khvorostinin fado cikin girma da makiya da rundunoninsa, suka ba su tsoro, suka yi yaƙi da baya, da jawo Rasha jirgin. Ba da sanin cewa, shi shiri: Dmitri Ivanovich jagoranci makiya mike zuwa aniya shirya sojojin Vorotynsky. Ga kuma suka kama yaƙi a kusa da kauyen na Young a 1572, wanda ya ga kasar ta fi tsanani sakamakon.

Za ka iya tunanin yadda mamaki da Tartars, kafin su gano abin da ake kira yawo-gari - ukrepsooruzhenie halitta bisa ga dokoki na cewa lokaci: wani lokacin farin ciki bangarori, saka a kan kuraye, nestled amince kare bãyansu sojoji. Ciki da "tafiya-gari" yana a gun (Ivan da Munin mai girma sha'awar bindigogi da kuma sojojinsa kawota tare da sabuwar bukatun na soja kimiyya), maharba, dauke da makamai arquebuses, maharba da sauransu.

A Sound yaƙi

Maƙiyi nan da nan bi da kome a cikin kantin sayar da shi da isowa: mai tsanani jini yaƙi ya biyo baya. Mun kusanci more kuma mafi sabon Tatar sojojin - da kuma catered kai tsaye zuwa wani nama grinder, shirya da Rasha (a cikin adalci ya kamata a lura da cewa ba kawai su: kan daidai da na gida fada da sojojin haya, a waɗannan kwanaki shi ne na kowa yi, da Jamus, bisa ga tarihi, hatsi babu tashar jiragen ruwa).

Devlet Giray ba ya so ya hadarin barin a raya kamar yadda da yawa da kuma shirya karfi na abokan gaba. Kuma da sake ya jefa a karfafa yunkurin nasu, amma sakamakon da aka ba ko sifili - shi ne korau.

Ba juya a cikin wani rabo a gare 1572: yaƙi don rana ta huɗu ci gaba da matasa, a lokacin da Tatar kwamandan da umarnin da ya dakaru zuwa dismount kuma, tare da Ottoman janissaries kai farmaki Rasha. Tsananin sauti mãsu alãma ba kome. Vorotynsky tawagar, duk da yunwa, da ƙishirwa (a lokacin da yarima tsunduma a cikin bin da Tatars, da Abinci afterthought), aka kashe.

A yaki, duk wajen ne mai kyau

Makiya kwashe wata babbar hasara, jini gudana cikin kogin. Yaushe za lokacin farin ciki da magariba, Devlet Giray yanke shawarar jira har safe da kuma riga da hasken rana "sa da matsi" abokan gaba, amma quirky da wayo Vorotynsky yanke shawarar cewa mataki da ake kira "The Battle of matasa, a 1572," dole ne ya yi hanzarin da m ga karshe na Tatars.

Karkashin cover duhu, yarima ya jagoranci wani ɓangare daga cikin sojojin da baya maƙiyi Lines - gaba wuri ya dace M - da kuma buga! Daga cikin na gaba, da bindigogi Rang fita, bi da nuclei da makiya jefa duk wannan Khvorostinin, shuka mutuwa daga Tatars da tsoro. Munin yaƙi aka alama a 1572: yaƙi na matasa da kuma ta yau nagartacce iya a yi la'akari high, da kuma kawai a sau na tsakiyar zamanai duka more.

Yaƙin juya a cikin wani duka. A cewar daban-daban kafofin, da khan sojojin ƙidaya daga 80 zuwa 125 da mutane dubu. Rasha na baya a yawan uku ko sau hudu, amma da suka gudanar ya kashe game da uku-bariki da makiya: yakin matasa a 1572 ya jawo rasuwar mafiya yawa daga cikin maza yawan Crimean sashin, a gaskiya, a kan Tartar dokokin, duk maza da su ci gaba da Khan a ci fitattu.

Irreparable cutar invaluable

A cewar da yawa masana tarihi, da Khanate ya taba iya warke bayan kaye. Ri danna kan hanci samu da kuma Daular Ottoman, wanda goyon Devlet Giray. Khan mafi rasa yaƙi lokacin Sun (1572) kudin dan zaune, kuma grandchild-doka. Kuma soja daraja, domin ya na da halitta ya skedaddle daga Moscow, Dale (tarihin da ya rubuta: "Kada putmi babu hanyoyi") da kuma garzaya bayan Rasha ya ci gaba da kashe ostochertevshie for shekaru na kai hare-hare na Tatars da su m jini da kuma ƙiyayya.

Yana da wuya a overestimate muhimmancin cewa yana da yakin Sun (1572): abubuwan nan gaba ci gaban Rasha da kuma dukan na al'adun Turai, sun kasance mafi m. A cewar da yawa masana tarihi, da Muslim duniya zai samu fiye da fifiko, idan ya kasance karkashin iko da yankin na Moscow mulkin. Bayan samun wani "bridgehead", Daular Ottoman a nan gaba zai iya shanye dukan Turai.

Darajar da yaki don Rasha

Godiya ga nasara daga cikin matasa Rasha jihar lashe jinkiri a m samu-tare da Tatars, samu a sararin ƙasa da kuma farkon da ci gaban da "wani daji farar" - da m kudancin ƙasar da aka ba da na karshe muhimmancin ga kasar.

Hakika, rinjayi yakin Sun (1572) da kuma a kan rabo daga cikin Crimean Khanate: zubar da jini ba, lishivsheesya fada babban ɓangare na yawan jama'ar, shi zai iya daina gabatar da yanayi a Rasha da kuma ƙarshe a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata ya juya zuwa cikin Rasha Empire.

Ta yaya ne irin wannan gagarumin taron a tarihin jihar ya daidaita manta, - wani topic for wani taƙaitaccen labari. Duk da haka, yakin da matasa (1572), a takaice magana, mafi girma mafi muhimmanci nasarar Rasha makamai, da kuma shi bai kasance yin fina-finan, littattafai, har kwanan nan, bai yi wani guda ce (kawai a shekarar 2004, aka buga muqala Ananiev "Hadarin" ), da kuma a general gaskiyar da nasara (da banrazana duka biyu ga Rasha da Turai), da yaƙi ba a sani ga kowa da kowa.

"A tarihi - shi ne mai labari ga abin da duk yarda ..."

Wasu masu bincike shirki irin mantuwa da cewa Ivan Grozny shi ne na karshe wakilin Rurik a kan Rasha kursiyin. Bayan shi, da kursiyin kuma, suka je Romanovs - kuma haka suka yi kokarin "lalata image na" magabata, a lokaci guda aika su a cikin abu wulakantacce nasarori.

Jama'a, da yanayi ne mafi m, yi imani da cewa da muhimmancin da yaƙi Molodinskogo artificially karin gishiri saboda halin yanzu siyasa sauyin yanayi. Amsar wannan tambaya na wanda shi ne dama da kuma wanda yake ba daidai ba, zai iya bayar da tsanani tarihi da bincike, amma bayanai game da su daina ba. Kazalika da kayan shaida, wanda shi ne kullum wuya a samu lõkacin da ta je wannan tsoho events, kamar yadda yakin Sun (1572): rami, alama ba gudanar. A yanar gizo akwai ambaci game da wasu archaeological binciken da cewa ya faru a 60-70 shekaru na karni na ashirin, amma kamar yadda gaskiya wannan bayanai ne ba a sani ba.