A jirgin sama La-7: bayani dalla-dalla, zane, hotuna

Soviet jirgin sama La-7 da aka halitta a OKB-21 (birnin Gorky, yanzu Nizhny Novgorod -). Ya jagoranci da ci gaban SA Lavochkin - daya daga cikin mafi kyau Soviet zanen kaya. Wannan jirgin sama ya kasance daya daga cikin mafi tasiri wajen fama da jirgin sama a lokacin yakin duniya na II. Ya hada da muhimman ayyukan iska magabaci - maneuverability da kuma makamai.

Overview

LA-7 - jirgin sama, wanda za a iya classified a matsayin monoplane (da na'urar da daya biyu daga fuka-fuki). Yana yana da guda-engine, located in baka, da kuma wani guda wurin zama - domin matukin jirgi. Da wanda ya riga - 5-faɗa jirgin sama, kuma ci gaba a cikin 21 m Edo. A farko samfur na jirgin sama (ta LA-120 code) ya kashe a watan Nuwamba 1943.

A farkon shekarar 1944, ya samu nasarar wuce jirgin gwaje-gwaje da kuma kafara domin fama wajibi. By karshen yaki daga na'ura mai sauka fiye da 5.700 jirgin saman soja La-7. A cewar da yawa Soviet matukan jirgin, wannan jirgin sama shi ne mafi kyau: godiya ta sirri, gudun, AMINCI da firepower. A kwalkwali na irin wannan high-aji mayakan samun amincewa a cikin nasara a kan wani ace na uku Reich.

A labarin na

LA-7 ne sakamakon da fasaha juyin halitta daga jerin dama da jirgin sama. A sosai na farko ya bayyana mayakan LaGG-2 (ci gaba a 1939) da kuma LaGG-3 (1940 th). Halittarsu aka samu halartar designers M. Gudkov da Gorbunov. Na biyu jirgin saman soja ya iya tashi a gudu 600 km / h - sauri Jamus jirgin sama a cikin ajin. Amma ya yi nauyi: 600 kg fiye da Yak-1. Maneuverability LaGG-3 da kuma hau bar yawa da za a so.

A shekarar 1942 ya zo da LA-5 tare da m engine, da tabbatar a cikin Battle of Stalingrad. A sabon jirgin sama ya m zuwa "Messerschmitt", shi ne kamar yadda biyu 20-millimeter gun zamo, kuma sun kasance mafi tasiri fiye da "German" tare da guda kayan aiki, kuma ru da biyu inji bindigogi.

A 1943, a lokacin da Battle of Kursk, kasar Air Force samu wani sabon ƙarni na mayakan - LA-5FN da uprated injuna, m da sauki don sarrafa. Ko da latest Jamus "Focke-Wulf-190" ba zai iya zama mai yin gasa na Soviet jirgin sama. Kuma a karshe, a karshen 1943 ya tashi wani sabon model da iska - LA-7. A da shi, a kwatanta da baya jirgin saman soja, akwai wani na uku gun, kazalika da jirgin sama zai iya isa gudu daga 680 km / h.

Design baiwa

Mutumin wanda ya jagoranci halittar LA-7 - maniyyi Alekseevich Lavochkin. Ya - zinariya medalist, a 1918-1920 ya yi aiki a cikin Red Army da iyaka sojojin. Sa'an nan unlearn Moscow Higher tehuchilische (yanzu MSTU. Bauman), inda ya samu da sana'a na injiniya Aeromechanics. The topic da ya sabawa rubuce-rubucensu da aka hade da ci gaban da dan kunar bakin waken.

Don aiki a masana'antu aviakonstruktorskoy Semyon fara a cikin marigayi 20 ta, na farko tun da aka tsunduma daga zayyana jirgin sama na rundunar da Tarayyar Soviet, sa'an nan kuma zuwa aiki a kan jirgin saman soja. A cikin rabi na biyu na 30s, a lokacin da shi ya zama m, da Soviet gwamnati yanke shawarar da kulawa ta musamman ga ci gaban Air Force a duniya. Da farko Lavochkin da SN Lyushin halitta jirgin sama LL-1, m da injin dinamo rektivnymi bindigogi. Daga baya suka zo da samfur na-301, dauke da fice zane zane. LA 7 gare ta bayyanar injiniya gudanarda ayyuka Tsaba Alekseevich wadanda shekaru.

halaye na

The gudu da kuma kudi na hau cikin jirgin sama La-7, bisa manufa, sun yi daidai ga waɗanda na La-5FN. Iyakance jirgin saman soja gudun ya 680 km / h (a lokacin da tashi a wata tsawo na 6 dubu mita.), Yawan darajar a cikin ƙasa - 597 km / h. Range LA-7 tafiya shi 635 km, da rufi tsawo - 10 km 750 m.

Hawa jirgin saman soja - 1098 mita da minti. Machine tsawon - 8,60 m, tsawo - 2,54 m Babu komai nauyi -. 2605 kg ɗora Kwatancen - 3265 kg. Yankin reshe jirgin saman soja - 17.5 sq. m Maximum takeoff nauyi -. 3400 kg. Wingspan na jirgin sama - 9,80 m LA-7 Engine - daya daga iri uku. 82FN-DB, DB-83 Fighter ko 71. 1850 yana da wani dirka horsepower (wanda yake daidai 1380 kW). Daya daga cikin muhimman hakkokin bambance-bambance tsakanin LA-7 daga baya jirgin sama - hur zane (saboda da gefen mambobi daga karfe).

makamai

The fama kayan aiki da jirgin sama La-7 sun kasance, a matsayin mai mulkin, biyu 20-mm igwa irin ShVAK ko uku bindigogi daga cikin wannan irin B-20 zamo. Sun kasance iya hana harbi hits da ruwan wukake da propeller, ta hanyar tsaida su hydromechanical synchronizer. Ammonium for a gun kullum ShVAK ya 200 akai-akai da makami. Har ila yau harsasai bawo taimaka makamai sokin incendiary irin (iya soki da makamai zuwa 22 mm da nisa na 100 m), kazalika da fragmentation incendiary harsasai irin. Ƙarƙashin fikafikan da jirgin sama zai iya zama sa bama-bamai (har zuwa 100 kg a kan kowane reshe). Mafi yawan waɗannan sun bawo iri Fab-50 da kuma na 100, ZAB-50, 100 (subscript suturta wani taro bam - 50 ko 100 kg).

shortcomings

Soja masana ya nuna cewa, jirgin La-7 daga lokaci zuwa lokaci don ki aiki hydraulics. Ba ta kasance ba quite kwari da kuma jirgin saman soja engine. Saboda gaskiya cewa engine iska intakes kasance a kan reshe jirgin sama, suka zama gidan ya toshe da ƙura dukiya a lokacin takeoff da saukowa. Saboda haka, engine iya ƙi yin aiki. Wannan dukiya ne saba shukawa masana kan jihar gwaje-gwaje: Acceptance ya faru a hunturu, bãbu lõkacin ƙura.

An gane cewa, da engine a kan LA-5FN hana yawa rarer fiye da a cikin LA-7. Mai sanyaya located a karkashin fuselage daga cikin jirgin sama, da kuma saboda wannan a cikin gida ya sosai zafi (game da 40 digiri a hunturu da kuma 55 a cikin bazara). Matukan jirgin da wuya lokaci shan la'akari da cewa da Matuka jirgin fadi shaye gas daga engine, kuma sukan kika aika a kan gilashin condensate.

Kwatanta da irin wannan kayayyakin: ka'idar da yi

LA-7 jirgin sama, wanda yana da hoto a mafi litattafan na Soviet jirgin sama, sau da yawa riskarsa kamar wani jirgin saman soja, ya zuwa yanzu m ga German takwarorinsu - FW-190 da kuma "Messerschmitt-109". Duk da haka, da matukan jirgin da kansu ya bayyana cewa, yaki da Jamusanci jirgin sama ya wuya sosai. Alal misali, yin wani nutse, a cewar wasu Soviet aces, "Jamusawa" sun fi kyau fiye da wannan na'ura. Saboda haka, da ya lashe da yaki idan makiya yi kamar aerobatics, iya yawanci kawai mafi samu matukan jirgi na Soviet Air Force.

Amma, mafi muhimmanci, a cikin LA-7 irin haka ne, ba wani amfani saboda kaifi sa na gudu. Bayan gudanar a samu kusa da Jamusawa iya kai farmaki makiya. Duk da haka Manuniya lanƙwasa radius (kwance maneuverability) a LA-7 damar magana da ɗaukaka a Jamus jirgin sama. Wannan shi ne saboda ƙananan Soviet jirgin saman soja reshe loading: game da 190 kg / sq m. (Lokacin da "German" - fiye da 200 kg / sq.m.). Saboda haka LA-7 bai kunna 3-4 seconds sauri fiye da, misali, "Focke-Wolf".

fama da kwarewa

LA-7 - yana da wani jirgin saman, wanda sanya su fama manufa, IN Kozhedub - almara pilot, Hero na Tarayyar Soviet sau uku. Fada hanyar da ya fara a kwalkwali na LA-5, wanda ya sauka da dama dozin jirgin sama. Peres LA-7, Kozhedub halakar 17 German mayakan, triumphantly kammala ta fama manufa a lokacin fadan kusa da birnin Berlin.

Active fama amfani da jirgin sama ya fara a Yuni 1944. Wannan jirgin saman soja ya kasance a cikin na musamman da girma a cikin Guards regiments na Soviet Air Force. Game da almara LA-7 yi magana gaskiya ma AI Pokryshkin - al, Hero na Tarayyar Soviet sau uku. A dauke da fitar fama manufa a kan wannan jirgin sama, ya harbe saukar 17 German mayakan, ciki har da mai amsawa "Messerschmitt-262". Great Soviet matukin ga LA-7 samfurin kyau kwarai maneuverability, gudun, makami ikon: shi duka blends daidai da ka fi so "dabara" ace "gudun, rawar daji da kuma wuta."

A jirgin sama na gwarzo

LA 7 masana tarihi na Great Patriotic al'ada hade da sunan Ivan Nikitovich Kozhedub wanda ya zira kwallaye 64 wins (akwai daina wani daya ace anti-Hitler kawance). Account fadace-fadace matukin jirgi ya bude a watan Maris 1943 a kan jiragen yakin La-5. Daga bisani Kozhedub sa irin wannan wani jirgin 146 sorties da kuma buga 20 "Jamus". A May 1944, matukin jirgin ya koma LA-5FN, wanda aka tattara a cikin kudi, sha'awa, daya daga cikin manomi ya Stalingrad yankin. A wannan jirgin sama, ya halakar 7 raka'a maƙiyi jirgin sama. A watan Agusta Kozhedub rajimanti aka canjawa wuri zuwa ga sabon ga Soviet Air Force jirgin sama-7 mayakan. A irin wannan jirgin sama Ivan Nikititch da ya yi yaƙi har karshen Duniya.

A lokacin daya daga cikin fama manufa LA 7 Kozhedub aka buga, ya engine stalled. M ba da mika wuya ga makiya, Soviet ace aika da wani jirgin sama zuwa daya daga cikin abubuwa a ƙasa. Amma lokacin da jirgin saman soja ya fara karkata, da engine ba zato ba tsammani sanã'anta, kuma Kozhedub, motsi LA-7 daga cikin ganiya, baya ga Airfield. A ko'ina cikin yaki, Ivan Nikitich tashi a kan wani fama manufa 330 sau, halarci 120 iska fadace-fadace, wanda ya hallaka 64 maƙiyi jirgin sama. Ya aka bayar uku lambar yabo "Gold Star".