A naman gwari penicillium: tsarin, Properties, aikace-aikace

Mould naman gwari penicillium - wannan shuka ne tartsatsi a cikin halitta. A nasa ne da aji ajizai. A lokacin, akwai fiye da 250 iri na shi. Golden pinitsill, daban-daban taruwa kore mold, shi ne na musamman muhimmancin. Wannan irin amfani ga yi na wani medicament. "Penicillin" a kan tushen da naman gwari damar shawo kan da yawa daga kwayoyin cuta.

mazauninsu

Penicillium - kwayar naman gwari, ga wanda gona ne na halitta mazauninsu. Sau da yawa sosai, wannan shuka za a iya gani a cikin nau'i na blue ko kore mold buildup. Ya ke tsiro zuwa iri-iri na substrates. Duk da haka, mafi sau da yawa shi ya auku a kan surface na kayan lambu garwayayye.

A tsarin da naman gwari

Amma ga tsarin, da naman gwari penicillium sosai kama da Aspergillus, wanda kuma nasa ne da iyali m namomin kaza. A vegetative mycelium wannan shuka ne bayyanannu, kuma sashe. Ya kunshi yawanci na babban adadin Kwayoyin. Daga Mucor naman gwari penicillium daban-daban mycelium. Shi ne kwayar. Amma ga mycelial Mucor, ya celled.

Haše-haše ko Penicillium zubar a kan substrate surface, ko shiga da shi. Daga wannan ɓangare na naman gwari tashi kafa da kafa conidiophores. Similar tsarin, yawanci a cikin sama ɓangare kuma samar da wata branched goge wadda kai fentin celled pores. Yana conidia. Goge shuke-shuke, bi da bi, na iya zama na dama iri:

• unbalanced.
• uku-tiered.
• gadon kwana na jirgin ƙasa.
• single-mataki.

A wasu irin Penicillium siffofin conidia katakanta, wanda ake kira coremium. Sake bugun daga cikin naman gwari cika da yaduwa daga spores.

Me ya sa wannan m

Parasitic fungi (Penicillium da Mucor) tsokane spoilage, kazalika da rayayye shiga a fadada yadudduka da dabba da kayan lambu asalin. Wannan ne yake aikata ta hanyar babban adadin enzymes. Ya kamata a lura da cewa wani mold shafi a kan kayan lambu substrate za a iya kafa a lokaci guda da dama jinsunan fungi. A irin wannan iko shuka ne da za'ayi ta tsotsa shirye kwayoyin aka gyara. An ga wannan dalili, an dauki wani m penicillium.

Amfani ko cutar da mutane

Mutane da yawa la'akari da cewa Penicillium fungi - kwayoyin. Duk da haka, shi ne, ba haka. Wasu jinsunan shuke-shuke da pathogenic Properties game da dabba kwayoyin da mutane. Mafi lalacewa ne amfani a lokuta inda mold naman gwari rinjayar da aikin gona da kuma kayayyakin abinci, m kiwo cikin su. Idan ba yadda ya kamata adana penicillium rinjayar feed. Idan an ciyar da dabbobi, shi ba zai yi jinyar da mutuwa. Bayan duk, a cikin irin wannan poop accumulates a manyan yawan guba abubuwa da suke da mummunan tasiri a kan kiwon lafiya.

Aikace-aikace a cikin Pharmaceutical masana'antu

Yana iya zama da amfani naman gwari penicillium? A kwayoyin da zai haddasa wasu kwayar cututtuka, ba resistant maganin rigakafi, wanda aka sanya daga mold. Wasu jinsunan wadannan shuke-shuke suna amfani da ko'ina a cikin abinci da Pharmaceutical masana'antu saboda su ikon sarrafa enzymes. Drug "penicillin", wanda aka fafitikar da nau'o'in kwayoyin cuta, samu daga Penicillium notatum da Penicillium chrysogenum.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa yi da miyagun ƙwayoyi faruwa a dama, saukarwa. Don fara da naman gwari an girma. A saboda wannan dalili da masara m sayar da giya. Wannan abu ya sa ya yiwu don samun mafi kyau samar da penicillin. Bayan nan, da naman gwari an girma da baftisma a cikin wani na musamman da al'adun fermenter. A girma na dama dubu lita. Akwai, da shuke-shuke suna rayayye multiplying.

Bayan cire ruwa matsakaici daga naman gwari Penicillium shigarsu ƙarin aiki. A wannan mataki da gishiri mafita ana amfani da kwayoyin kaushi samar. Irin kayan da damar zuwa samu karshe kayayyakin: potassium da sodium gishiri na penicillin.

Kyawon tsayuwa da masana'antun sarrafa kayayyakin abinci

Godiya ga wasu kaddarorin da naman gwari penicillium ne yadu amfani a cikin masana'antun sarrafa kayayyakin abinci. Wasu irin wannan shuka ana amfani da cuku shawara. Kamar yadda mai mulkin, shi ne Penicillium Roquefort da Penicillium camemberti. Wadannan iri kyawon a yi amfani da sarrafa irin wannan cuku a matsayin "Stiltosh", "Gorntsgola", "Roquefort" da sauransu. Wannan "marmara" kayayyakin da sako-sako da tsarin. Ga cuku wannan nau'in halin da takamaiman ƙanshi da kuma bayyanar.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa al'adun Penicillium da ake amfani a wasu nufi a cikin yi da irin kayayyakin. Alal misali, ga cuku "Roquefort" amfani da iri na mold Penicillium Roquefort. Wannan irin naman gwari iya radiyo ko a loosely compacted soya taro. Wannan Tsari mai sarrafa kansa yana da kyau jure low yawa daga oxygen. Bugu da kari, da naman gwari ne resistant ga karin abun ciki na salts a acidic matsakaici.

Penicillium m ware lipolytic da proteolytic enzymes da shafi madara mai da kuma gina jiki. Ƙarƙashin rinjayar daga cikin wadannan abubuwa cuku zama friable, oiliness, da kuma takamaiman ƙanshi da kuma iyawa.

A karshen

Penicillium naman gwari Properties ba a cikakken bincika. Masana kimiyya a kai a kai gudanar da sabon bincike. Wannan ba ka damar gano sabon Properties na mold. Irin wannan aikin damar nazarin kayayyakin da metabolism. A nan gaba, shi zai yi amfani da naman gwari penicillium a yi.