A tarihin na Internet: akwai kuma abin da abin da shekara da aka kafa

The kwamfuta ba tare da Internet a yau - abu ya zama alama m. Hakika, wannan shi ne mafi m hanyar sadarwa, bincika bayanai, har ma da yin kudi. Amma shi ba ko da yaushe - asali cibiyar sadarwa da aka ƙirƙira quite wani dalili.

Ta yaya shi duka ya fara?

Saboda haka, domin abin da Internet da aka halitta, a cikin abin da ya bayyana, da kuma wanda ya kasance ta farko masu amfani? "Iyaye 'worldwide cibiyar sadarwa dauke, ba shakka, Amurka Ma'aikatar tsaron wanda a shekarar 1957 ya ziyarci da ra'ayin na bukatar a dauke da makamai (a cikin hali na yaki) a dogara tsarin domin musayar na aiki bayani. A manufa don ƙirƙirar farko kwamfuta cibiyar sadarwa da aka sanya a kan kafadu da dama manyan US cibiyoyin bincike.

Godiya ga mai karimci zuba jari daga ma'aikatar tsaron, riga a 1969, aka sa a cikin wani aikin kira da ARPANET, wanda sõyayya bayanai cibiyar sadarwa da ta kafa: California University, Stanford Research Center, Jami'ar Utah da kuma California. Ba da da ewa tsarin saboda ingancinta da kuma universality fara inganta, kuma ya zama musamman rare daga masana kimiyya na lokaci.

"The juya dare" a cikin tarihin na cibiyar sadarwa

Abin da shekara ƙirƙira da Internet, da muka riga sani. Amma abin da aka dauke su da ranar haihuwar? Wannan Oktoba 29, 1969. Wannan rana ce yau dauke su da asalin ta tarihi. Bari mu tuna abubuwan da suka faru na cewa manya rana, ko kuma wajen da dare. Yana duk ya fara a 21:00, a lokacin da na farko da cikakken zaman tsakanin California da kuma Stanford da aka gudanar. Transmission na bayanai nuna ta Jami'ar California Charli Klayn, ya ɗauke ta ta cikin Stanford Bill Duvall, mai gaskatãwa samu daga kowane alama ce ta tarho. Amma kamar yadda suka faɗa, da farko fanke ne ko da yaushe lumpy, don haka cewa bayan da bullo da wani tsarin na uku haruffa (shiga), ya kasa. Bright zukatan American kimiyya a cikin awa daya da rabi zuwa gina links, da kuma riga a 22:30 aikin sake maido: Bill Duvall furuci samu na da cikakken labari umurni zuwa cibiyar sadarwa (LOGON).

Saboda haka idan kana da bukatar halitta da Internet a abin da shekara, ko mafi m, amsa tare da amincewa: 29 ga Oktoba, 1969.

Email - tura talakawa

To, bayan da cewa shi ya tafi kamar clockwork. Riga shekaru uku daga baya, Oktoba 2, 1971, da aka kirkiro haka rare yau, yana nufin sadarwa - e-mail. A code farko saƙon shirin halitta a cikin ARPANET,
Yana kunshi 200 Lines. Wannan hanya - da aikin Ray Tomlinson, gubar m BBN Technologies, ƙirƙira wani hali da har yanzu hidima a matsayin delimiter tsakanin sunan mai amfani da kuma yankin adireshin. Wannan alama ce a yau muna alfahari kira "kare".

A gabatarwar da e-mail zuwa ga talakawa da aka hukunci aukuwa a cikin tarihin na Internet ci gaba. A wadda shekara akwai na farko e-mail, ba kome. Babban abu ne cewa godiya ga shi, ko da idan ajizai cibiyar sadarwa ya zama duniya, don hašawa zuwa kanta miliyoyin sha'awar masu amfani.

Duniya ke halarta a karon

1973 shine farkon na kasa da kasa shahararsa ta tasoshin yanar-gizon, kamar yadda ta transatlantic tarho na USB Birtaniya da kuma Norway aka haɗa zuwa Amurka bayanai tsarin. Kuma bayan shekaru 10 na ARPANET aka bai da wani sabon sunan - da Internet. A wadda shekara akwai wani ajali wanda muka yanzu alfahari kira World Wide Web? A shekarar 1983.

A wannan lokaci, da Internet ya zama ba kawai a wajen aika e-mail, amma kuma wani dandamali ga Posting labarai da Sanarwa. A shekarar 1984 ya ƙirƙira cikin Domain Name System, wanda ya samar da wani m robot da Internet adireshin. A cikin wannan shekara da aka halitta da wani babbar Intercollegiate Network NSFNET, wanda amounted zuwa wani cancanci gasar zuwa ARPANET.

The asalin zamani hanyar sadarwa

Online chat a yau ba zai yiwu ba idan ta aka ba ɓullo da IRC yarjejeniya, wanda aka fassara a cikin na kowa magana na nufin ba cewa wasu, kamar yadda "hira". Internet ba tare da shi ba zai zama da Internet. A wadda shekara akwai sadarwar sabis a real lokaci? A shekarar 1988.

1989 alama da zuwan wani gaskiya World Wide Web. Wannan ra'ayin ya faru to Tim Barnes-Lee, wanda ya samarwa zuwa danganta da samuwa bayanai a lokacin da cibiyar sadarwa a cikin guda, hadin kai, da ake kira World Wide Web. Make shi zaci ta hanyar hyperlinks. A daidai wannan lokaci shi zo da haske da HTTP yarjejeniya da aka ɓullo da tare da HTML.

ARPANET daina wanzuwa gwada da kwanan nan - a shekarar 1990, kuma duk saboda NSFNET, wanda ya m zuwa ta hanyoyi da yawa. Kamar shekara guda bayan da aka fito da wani sabon browser NCSA Mosaic, inda da World Wide Web zama samuwa ga jama'a hanyar sadarwa. Riga kamar yadda na 1997 a kan Internet daga game da miliyan 10 kwakwalwa da kuma fiye da miliyan domains aka rajista tsarin.

Yanzu da ka san abin da shekara halitta Internet, wanda ya aikata shi, kuma me ya sa. Duk abin da ya, wannan ne mafi girma nasara daga kimiyya da fasaha, wanda shekaru da yawa ya da wani ɓangare na zamani a duniya.