A tsarin da kwayan cell: ga m

Kwayoyin cutar na iya ze sauki kwayoyin, amma ba za a fooled da wannan sauki. A gaskiya ma, cikin tsarin da kwayan cell sa shi sosai saba da su rai bukatun. Wasu ilimi kwayan Kwayoyin ne na musamman da kuma bayyana su sabon abu nazarin halittu Properties.

Kafin da kalmar "kwayoyin" na nufin "wani prokaryotes." Yau ware mafi m da kuma kananan siffofin rayuwa - Archaea. Sun bambanta daga gaskiya kwayoyin. A karshen yana da kaddarorin ga archaea uncharacteristic.

Kafin gano na electron microscopes a cikin shekaru 50 na baya karni, da tsarin da kwayan cell ya kasance wani asiri to masana kimiyya. More daidai, da kwayoyin da aka gane kawai a matsayin "wani bit sunadarai ba da lipids." A tsarin da kwayan cell ya zama abu na binciken kawai bayan an gano da m duniya da ta fi ƙanƙanta siffofin rayuwa.

Bayar da a kalla 4 iri kwayoyin cuta a cikin siffar: siffar zobe cocci, filamentous kwayoyin cuta, bacillus, bacillus coli da convoluted spirilla. The kananan size na kwayan cell ba shi da wani juyin halitta bace, saboda da rabo daga surface yankin / ƙarfi ne wajen manyan, wanda damar kwayan Kwayoyin to nasarar daidaita da yanayi, da musayar matakai ne sauri da kuma nagarta sosai.

Cytoplasmic membrane raba ciki kwayan cell abinda ke ciki. Amma shi ne yafi muhimmanci fiye da ta bayar da gyaran da akai ciki yanayi, saboda saboda da osmotic matsa lamba matakai ba zai iya tafi a kan hanya, da kuma membrane resists wannan tsari. A musamman alama cewa ne ko da yaushe aka ambata, da yake magana game da tsarin da kwayan cell ne a cell bango, wanda aka hada da wani abu da ake kira peptidoglycan. Shi ne porous da kuma damar da yawa mafita ga membrane. Wasu daga cikin kwayan cell bango ne ba (wato Mycoplasma), amma wannan shi ne wani togiya. Saboda haka, penicillin maganin rigakafi da kuma cephalosporin maganin rigakafi-BREAKING cell bango kira Are tasiri a wajen magance kwayan kamuwa da cuta. Ba su shafi dabbobi masu shayarwa Kwayoyin saboda karshen kada bukatar a cell bango. A kwayoyin ba tare da shi ba zai iya tsira - yana da su exoskeleton da wata tõshiya a kan m tsoma.

Dangane da juriya ga batawa ta Hanyar gram kwayoyin kasu kashi gram-tabbatacce (blue color bayan batawa) da gram-korau (m). A gram-tabbatacce kwayan peptidoglycan dauke da wani yawa na polysaccharide Tsarin, yayin da gram-korau Layer ne sosai na bakin ciki, da kuma a waje akwai matsanancin harsashi na phospholipids.

A kwayoyin cuta, da kwaya ba kasaftawa ga membrane, duk da matakai na haifuwa na DNA, kwafi da kuma fassarar abin da ke faruwa kai tsaye a tsakanin sauran gabbai. DNA ba suya via histones, da kuma adana a cikin dogon enigmatic supercoiled form. Har ila yau a cikin canja wurin kayyade kayan shafa da plasmid musamman samuwar a cikin cytoplasm. Su ba su da mafi muhimmanci bayanai, amma iya ba da wani amfani ga mai shi. Daukar kwayar cutar a cikin kwance haifuwa. Kawai sa, wanda zai samu shi a lokacin da wani cell raba cikin biyu - da kuma cewa shi sa'a.

A cell ma ƙunshi ribosome, wanda a duk Kwayoyin na rayayyun kwayoyin halitta haduwa gina jiki. A wannan girmamawa, da kwayoyin cuta - shi ne ba togiya. A tsarin da kwayan Kwayoyin suna kuma halin da cewa mafiya yawa daga cikin kwayoyin ne babu ciki membranes, wanda zai delimit da daban-daban cell compartments. Togiya - wasu phototrophs da kwayoyin da cewa oxidize methane.

A kwayoyin za a iya adana a cikin nau'i na glycogen carbon, sulfur a cikin nau'i na granules da nitrogen a cikin nau'i na nitrates. Har ila yau kwayoyin da suke zaune a cikin ruwa, tare da gas kumfa ne cewa ba da damar su zauna a farfajiya. A wasu jinsunan, akwai na musamman da wasu gabbansa - Carboxysome (kafa yanayi carbon dioxide) da kuma magnetosomes - Orient da kwayoyin cuta a cikin wani Magnetic filin (ga abin da - a tatsuniya).

Musamman na musamman da furotin da waje ilimi kwayoyin - pili, da wanda kwayoyin hašawa zuwa saman. Har ila yau ban sha'awa flagella ke ba su damar motsawa a sarari.

Duniya na jiran m explorers kwayoyin. Kuma da sauran daina maka batir aiki: "Ka kwatanta tsarin da kwayan cell."