Andean - wanda shi ne kasar? Andean ƙasashe: sauyin yanayi, da albarkatun

Andean kasashen - shi ne jihar da Andean Community. Yana da aka kafa a shekarar 1969 ta kasashe shida: Bolivia, Ecuador, Venezuela, Peru, Colombia da kuma Chile.

A halin yanzu, wannan rukunin abubuwa a matsayin kwastan jam'iyya. An gabatar da na kowa kwastan jadawalin kuɗin fito, kowa kasuwanci da manufofin ciniki ne da za'ayi a dangane da wasu jihohi.

Geology da kuma ma'adanai

Andes - mafi girma dutsen tsarin na duniya. A tsawon dutsen bel ne 9000 km a tsawo, suna biyu kawai ga Himalayas. 20 dutse kololuwa wuce wani tsawo na 6 km, kuma tsororuwar - aman wuta Akonkagua - kai 6960 m Andes located a gefen lithospheric faranti -. Kudu American, to wanda aka a haɗe sawmills folds extruded daga alkyabbar a lokacin rarrafe Nazca Oceanic farantin karkashin slab ɓangaren duniya.

Ridges, a layi daya layuka na contouring Coast wakiltar sarkar volcanoes. Volcanoes Kudancin Amirka - aiki, suka lokaci zuwa lokaci tashi da kuma zuba daga lawa, wanda ya cika intermountain kududdufai, da kwaruruka, kafa lawa Highland tudu.

Ma'adanai da wannan ɓangare na nahiyar tsare da intermontane kududdufai, da depressions foothill na Andes. Andean kasashe suna bambanta a cewa suna da manyan hannun jari na rare ma'adanai. Akwai mined ma'adanai irin su tagulla, tutiya, gubar, molybdenum, da kuza, da sauransu.

A geologic tsarin, yana yiwuwa a ce abin da ma'adanai ne da Andean kasashen. Resources na Latin America ne sosai bambancin. A duwatsu akwai irin wannan halitta dũkiya, kamar gypsum, jijiyoyinmu na ci, gishiri, Mercury, da zinariya, da azurfa, platinum. Duk da Andean kasashen fariya wadatacce samar da daraja da kuma Semi-duwatsu masu daraja kamar amethyst, Topaz, agate da sauransu.

A sauyin yanayi na Andean kasashen

Andes - shi ne mai babbar dutsen fuska, kashi na abin da ya bambanta daga juna. Domin saukaka binciko Andes aka raba hudu physiographic kasashen da hada da wani yawan fasali.

Andean kasashen Latin America - da dumi kudancin jihohi, amma yanayi ne a bit daban-daban daga juna.

Northern Andes

A kan ƙasa na wadannan duwatsu akwai: part of Ekwado, Venezuela da kuma Colombia. A zahirin-Gwargwadon kasashen hada da: Caribbean Andes, Andes na Ecuador da kuma arewa maso yamma Andes.

A sauyin yanayi ne Equatorial da sub-Equatorial. The adadin hazo a cikin Pacific Coast har zuwa 8000 mm a kowace shekara, a cikin hinterland na kasa da ruwan sama amma fari ba faru. A gefen gabas na danshi tayi, ƙananan sassa na dutse gangara girma kawai letnezelenye Woodlands, amma a tsawon 1000 m sama fara rigar gilei.

A ciki gangaren da ruwan sama shi ne kasa, don haka akwai kawai letnezelenye ko wuya-Leaved gandun daji.

tsakiyar Andes

Conventionally, sun kasu kashi da Bolivia da kuma Peru Andes, kamar yadda wadannan kasashe suna located a cikin wannan bangare na dutsen kewayo.

Jamhuriyar Andes bambanta isasshe bushe sauyin yanayi. Sarrafa giza part - Bolivia Andes. Ruwan sama ne kasa da 300 mm a kowace shekara. Amma fara daga tsawo na 3500 m saman teku matakin, hazo ƙaruwa, don haka akwai girma dankali, da sha'ir da wasu hatsi. Dukkan manyan biranen su ne kuma a wancan tsawo.

The talakawan zafin jiki a lokacin da shekara ne + 20-23 ° C. A lokacin rani wannan kadan ne isasshen Andes + 18 ° C in winter, da yawan zafin jiki ne + 15 ° C. A kan Pacific Coast da yawan zafin jiki ne da ke ƙasa.

subtropical Andes

Ga shi an kusan gaba ɗaya located in Chile. A arewacin dutsen hazo ne sosai kananan - 10 mm a kowace shekara. A nan ne Atacama Desert.

Ta Kudu na bari ruwan sama qara har zuwa 1500 mm a kowace shekara.

Average Janairu zafin jiki na + 22 ° C, a watan Yuli - tsakanin + 12 ° C zuwa 18 ° C.

A sassa inda hazo sa ya yiwu don girma da dazuzzukan kurmi na temperate zone. Tare da ragewa hazo bayyana wuya-Leaved gandun daji, shrub ciyayi, wanda ya jũya a cikin hamada.

Patagonian Andes

Wannan bangare na karafa tsarin daga cikin mafi ƙasƙanci da fragmented. A kan su yammacin gangara da dama a game da 5000 mm na ruwan sama a kowace shekara, kuma yawan zafin jiki a lokacin rani da kuma hunturu ne + 15 ° C.

A yammacin gangaren hazo rage-rage zuwa 1500 mm, da kuma talakawan zafin jiki ne ya karu zuwa + 20 ° C - + 24 ° C.

Andean Community

Duk da Andean kasashen raba na kowa tarihi. Ko kafin ci gaban wadannan ƙasar mulkin mallaka daga Yammacin Turai zuwa mazaunan duwãtsu - Indiyawan - sun ci gaba nasu al'adu da tattalin arziki. An tsoho jihar a cikin ƙasa na Andes ya da karfi a cikin tattalin arziki da zamantakewa sharuddan. Akwai ci gaba ba kawai aikin noma da kuma dabbobi, amma kuma ya kasance wani samar da daban-daban ma'adanai. Duk da shi da aka halakar da isowa daga cikin nasara, kasar Birtaniya, Faransa da kuma Portugal.

Colony ya kawo wani babban isa albashi kasashen farko. Ci gaban tattalin arziki da aka faruwa a cikin shugabanci. Amma bayan da kwato kasashen daga mulkin mallaka Andean kasashen tafi su raba hanyoyi don haka zamani tattalin arziki a Latin America ne da yawa daban-daban.

Don inganta halin da suke ciki, Andean kasashen kafa wani kawance - Andean Community. Sai suka so ya fadada da kasa kasuwar, wanda aka wãtsa. A sakamakon haka, an gabatar da wani na kowa kwastan jadawalin kuɗin fito, akwai wani janar masana'antu shiryawa da kuma kalla tattalin arziki raya ƙasashe - Bolivia da kuma Ekwado - An bayar da daban-daban amfanin.

Daya daga cikin manyan fasali na AU - halittar wani tsarin hukumomi inda wani supranational aiki yana da iyaka. Andean Community model kama da model na Tarayyar Turai, tare da kawai qananan bambance-bambance.

The AC kunshi uku main jikinsu:

- Shugaban Majalisar. A nan ne definition na hadewa manufofin, shan la'akari da bukatun da subregion. Kimanta sakamakon cimma.

- The Majalisar ministocin kasashen. Shi aikin da dama ayyuka da suka shafi harkokin waje. Wannan shi ne yafi da daidaituwa kungiyar sa hannu a cikin daban-daban tattaunawar kasa da kasa da kuma kungiyoyi.

- Janar sakatariya. Wannan zartarwa jiki, karkashin jagorancin wani babban sakataren, zabe da majalisar ministocin kasar.

Sauran na biyu jikinsu: da Andean majalisar, da Andean Kotun, Janar sakatariya, da sauransu.

Andean kasashen da a kudancin Amurka - shi ne kungiyar Tarayyar Turai a Turai.