Anga sarkar. Bangaren na anga na'urar

Anga sarkar - wani muhimmin kashi na matabbatarta na'urar da dukan jirgin ruwa a matsayin dukan. A farko anga sarƙoƙi su ɗari biyu da suka wuce. Yanzu anga sarkar zane ne batun da matsayin da ya wuce da inji gwaje-gwaje.

History of anga sarkar

Don ƙarni, mariners amfani hemp igiya domin kayyade anka. Sailboats tsakiyar na karshe karni da aka gudanar a lokacin da ya kwana a kananan anka da igiya ƙarfin hemp ya isa. Tare da ci gaba, daga jirgi da marine Shipbuilding, saboda haka, anka zama mutum. Don da isasshen ƙarfi, hemp igiyoyi sun kai rabin mita a karkara, don haka suka yi amfani da thinner iyakar zuwa wind up igiya ko igiya a cikin bollard drum capstan. Bugu da ƙari kuma, hemp igiyoyi na frays anga hawse da kankara da aka yanke rama domin su low nauyi, ya wajaba ga nauyi da anga sanda.

A karshen ta goma sha takwas da goma sha tara ƙarni sani farko ware lokuta na aikace-aikace na ƙarfe anga sarƙoƙi, wanda remarkably tabbatar da lokacin da hadari, kuma a lokacin kankara-fashe a Thames. The na aikin farko na amfani da wani karfe sarkar aka dauke su 1814.

Jirgin ruwa mai filafilai "Pallada", ƙaddamar a 1832 - na farko jirgin na Rasha jiragen ruwa, sanye take da anga sarƙoƙi.

Tuni a shekarar 1859, kafin shigarwa a kan jirgin ruwa na Birtaniya Navy anga sarƙoƙi fara jin da tashin hankali bisa ga bukatun ci gaba da Lloyd ta Register, da kuma a 1879 - kuma a kan ƙarya.

Bukatun Shipping Register

Musamman m Rasha rundunar fara inganta a farkon karni na ashirin, da kuma wanzu a lokacin da rarrabuwa na jiragen ruwa ba sadu da bukatun da aminci. Saboda haka, a 1913, an kafa wata kasa rarrabuwa jama'a "Register Rasha", wanda a tarihi Soviet zama da aka sani da littãfi da Tarayyar Soviet, da kuma yanzu - Rasha Maritime Register na Shipping (RS). Its ayyuka sun hada da ji da kuma rarrabuwa, daga jirgi da iyo Tsarin, kiyaye su registries, sa idanu su da fasaha dubawa.

Bisa ga bukatun na Register na teku-faruwa tasoshin dole sun zama biyu aiki da kuma daya kayayyakin teku anga. A cikinsu kowane sarkar tsawon kamata ba kasa da biyu da ɗari mita, shi ne bayar da maye baka anga. Har ila yau, biyu a haɗa mahada da kuma karshen sashi. Anga ship da na'urar samar da sunadaran da damar ka damar zabi da anga ne ba fiye da rabin sa'a. Subject zuwa dubawa Register bijiro da batun kafa abubuwa na anga na'urar.

anga kaya

Gyarawa da anga sarkar aka bai ko dauke da musamman sunadaran da na'urorin. Anga sarkar stoppers ga na'urar dawo da m karshen sarkar fairleads - shi duka zo tare da shi da anga daga cikin jirgin kayan aiki. Yana yana da biyu anka a tarnaƙi ne a cikin baka na jirgin ruwa. A kan hanci shi ne kafa da kuma winch da lantarki ko na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa drive. Babban ɓangare na winch - wani alama, wanda ake rauni sama sarkar links. A zane ma ya hada da wani winch drum a kan wanda aka rauni moorings.

A sarkar daga anga ya wuce ta sako a cikin jirgin, da kuma marufi anga hawse rauni a kan winch sprocket da free karshen sashi kulla da jirgin ruwa a cikin sarkar kabad.

Wasu tasoshin an kafa mai tsanani da anga na'urar. Tun da sarari aka iyakance a cikin mãsu kauri, mãsu sa'an nan ya dauke daya ko biyu anka ciyar used steeple. Wannan Rotary drum tare da wani alama a kasa, vertically saka. The motsi shi ne wani lantarki mota, wanda zai iya zama ko dai a cikin drum ko a karkashin bene. A cikin sprocket sarkar aka rauni. Photography nuna capstan na'urar, inda 1 - shi ne mai drum, 2- kwance sprocket 3 - anga sarkar.

Kulle da kuma kayyade abubuwa

Stoppers a haɗe hana maras wata-wata etching da aka gudanar a karkashin tashin hankali a cikin anga sarkar da Cluzet. Su za a iya gyarawa ko šaukuwa: sarkar da bene.

By zane, da stoppers ne karkace cam ko jinginar gida gada. Eccentric Tashoshi aka sanya a kan karami tasoshin. Sarkar stoppers - ne short bakuna, wadda aka ratsa anga sashi da kuma a haɗe zuwa bene a Obukhov gẽfe guda biyu.

Anga hawse bututu wanda bauta ga tsaftacewa anga da anga sarkar iya zama al'ada, welded ko jefa sufuri da kuma kama kifi tasoshin. bude a matsayin m simintin gutter jiki a kan nizkobortnyh tasoshin. tare da alkuki a gefen plating a fasinja jiragen ruwa, jiragen ruwa na kankara kewayawa, barin cire anga ja ruwa da fata, game da shi, rage hadarin lalacewa.

Iri da kuma anka yi

Yau, akwai huɗu da iri anka. Tare da zama anka wanda aka shirya a baka, da jirgin ruwa da aka gudanar a wuri. Matsakaicin nauyi a kan jirgin dako ya kai 30 m. Tallafa anga aft yi nufin su hana jirgin ruwa zuwa juya zaunanniyar. Ga dogon lokacin da riƙewa na iyo abubuwa, kamar buoys da kuma tashoshin, gyarawa "matattu" anka. Fidgeted rike manufa ta musamman jirãge, t. N. alama tasoshin don hakar ma'adinai.

A halin yanzu shi ne da aka sani a duniya domin fiye da dubu biyar iri anka. Amma teku anga aka yi sama da hudu main sassa. Dalili na dukan tsari ne mai dogara sanda. A kan dogara sanda tsit ko swivel saka kaho da paws, wanda Burrow a cikin ƙasa kuma ci gaba da jirgin ruwan a wurin. Perpendicular wa zankayen da dogara sanda shaft aka located, wanda ya jũya a anga a kasa bayan da nutse, kuma ba ya bayar da ƙahoni karya horizontally. Fastening anga ga wata igiya ko anga sarkar da zobe matsa aka bayar, wanda ake kira a zobe.

Basic abubuwa na anga sarkar

Babban kashi na anga sarkar - wani link, wanda aka sanya na ƙirƙira welded karfe sanda tare da wanda ya canja ko jefa baƙin ƙarfe buttress tare da spacer m birgima karfe.

Bakuna anga sarkar haɗa ta a haɗa baka, sauki ko mallakar tajirai, ya fi na kowa abin da yake cikin Kenter da mazauni. Simple staples ba inshora da mai haɗari bude. Bugu da kari, a lokacin da amfani da m raka'a ƙuƙumma yi ba tare da buttresses, da kuma ne ya fi girma fiye da na al'ada raka'a.

Kenter da mazauni kamar wata al'ada mahada, kawai tsaga. The biyu halves na sashi an haɗa ka da castle kuma riƙe strut, wanda aka saka a wani kwana tare da wata gubar fil hula.

Swivel, wanda ya hana karkatacciyar na anga sarkar a lokacin Anchorage, shi ne yawanci a tsarin da ainihin swivel m naúra da kuma raka'a biyu karfafa therebetween.

Karfafa mahada - tare da buttress, karami a size fiye da m, amma mafi girma fiye da al'ada mahada. Sashi anga aka sa a cikin ido na anga dogara sanda, an kuma haɗa zuwa karshen mahada na swivel anga sashi, ya juya shi baya.

The zane na anga sarkar

Anga sarkar, kazalika da wani, shi kunshi links, amma zane ba haka ba ne mai sauki. Links zuwa a ajali tsawon, wanda ake kira tsaka-bakuna. By da matsayin da Rasha rundunar bond tsawon ne 25 mita, a cikin UK, inda shi ne yarda da ji na tsawon a yadudduka - 27,43 mita ko 30 makarai. Rusunar da ake so sarkar tsawon tare da alaka tsakanin wani canter aiki. Wannan taro hanyar sa shi sauki cire lalace yankunan da kuma canja tsawon na anga sarkar lokacin da ake bukata.

Akidar baka, wanda ake gyarawa a cikin sarkar akwatin da daya gefen karshen sashi ƙare, da kuma sauran Littafi zhvakogalsom. Zhvakogalsovaya baka ne a takaice, daya karshen kulla wa sarkar kabad da da ƙugiya a wasu karshen sarkar. A hoto ya nuna cewa shi ne zai yiwu don saki da kafana nadawa ƙugiya. Wannan zane damar mutum daya da sauri saki jirgin ruwa daga anga sarkar.

Anga baka (jagora line) ne kuma daban-daban a yi daga matsakaici. Yana hada swivel. A baka karshen sashi don wanda aka lazimta wani anga.

Girma na anga sarkar

Ainihin size, kauri da kuma wanda ya kira cikin halaye na sarkar ne ta zamo. Zamo - diamita sanda, daga abin da mahada da aka sanya, ko karshen rabo daga link, dangane da hanyar da yi. Bayyana ta cikin zamo girma da kuma sauran raka'a cewa sun dauki da kewaye. Weight da mita anga sarkar har ila ya dangana a kan zamo kamar yin amfani da coefficients for dlinnozvennye sarkar - 2 ba tare da buttresses - 2.2, tare da buttresses - 2.3.

Sarkar tsawon dogara a kan irin jirgin ruwa da kuma ta size. Ya kamata ya zama mai yawa fiye da zurfin teku, a wani wuri na parking, saboda, da farko, da nauyi da wanda ya ta'allaka ne a kasa daga cikin sarkar taimaka wajen anga je zuwa kasa da kuma rike da shi a can, kuma abu na biyu, da karfi da cewa abubuwa a kan anga cikin alkawari na kasa, ya kamata ba za a directed zuwa sama da kuma horizontally.

Marine motocin yawanci suna da sarƙoƙi da ya kunshi 10-13 ma'auni ƙuƙumma 80 zuwa 120 mm, wanda ya dogara a kan girman da babban anga. Idan zamo mafi girma daga 15 mm, da raka'a ake yi buttress - mai gangara gada, wanda qara mahada robustness ta kan 20%.

Har ila yau, musamman a fili, launi alama amfani ga kugìyàr na'urorin. Yawan da launi (fari, ko ja) launin raka'a dogara da yawan etched mita ko da mari, wanda ya ƙunshi wata sarkar. Photo nuna cewa etched ɗari da arba'in mita sarkar, domin a garesu na ja sashi Kenter fari fentin a kan biyu links. Don sanin tsawon na sarkar a cikin duhu, to buttress karshe mahada ne amfani da fentin kãmun taushi annealed waya.

Sigogi anga sarkar

Babban sigogi na anga sarkar - wannan zamo, category ƙarfi, inji kaya da kuma tensile gwajin msar tambayar taro. Bisa ga zane sigogi na anga sarkar links suna samuwa tare da ko ba tare da buttresses.

By ƙarfi halaye, wanda ya dogara a kan zamo daga cikin kayan da masana'antu hanya, da anga sarkar iya zama al'ada, dagagge ko high ƙarfi. Da sarƙõƙi anã jan su iya bambanta da kuma Hanyar masana'antu raka'a da spacers kansu.

SHEDAN na samar da nagartacce - wani da ake bukata kafun samar da anga sarƙoƙi. Alal misali, anga sarkar Gost 228-79 - samfurin da spacers wanda aka sanya na carbon kuma gami steels, ya amince inji Properties, yana da wani mataki ƙarfi ne, kuma ya zamo kamar da sassa uku na babban links tare da spacer 11 zuwa 178 mm.

Quality sunadaran, majalisai, kuma mutum aka gyara na anga na'urorin, ciki har da sarƙoƙi, - shi ne ba kawai da AMINCI da aminci daga cikin jirgin, amma kuma wani lamuni na aminci da kuma wani lokacin rayuwar mutane a kan jirgin.