Anna Pavlova: biography da photo. Babban Rasha yar rawa

Babban Rasha yar rawa Anna Pavlova aka haife 12 Fabrairu 1881 a St. Petersburg. A yarinya ya shege, mahaifiyarta yi aiki a matsayin bawa a sanannun banki Lazar Polyakov, ya ke dauke da uban yaron. Kudi da kansa da wani hannu a cikin ta haihuwa ba a gane ba, amma bai damu ba da gaskiya cewa yarinya da aka rubuta a matsayin Anna Lazarevna.

Uwar Anna Polyakova bar gida tare da wani jariri da kuma zaunar da su a cikin unguwannin St. Petersburg. A yarinya girma da kuma ci gaba a karkashin kulawa da shi da uwa tasa, wadanda suka yi kokarin tukuru domin qarfafa a 'yarta a soyayya na art.

Creative biography Anny Pavlovoy

Wata rana na mahaifiyarsa ta auro Anna ga Mariinsky Theater. Ya ba da "Barci Beauty" Petra Ilicha Chaykovskogo. Tare da farko sauti na ƙungiyar makaɗa Anya kwanta. Sa'an nan, ya stared rawa, breathlessly, ta zuciya fluttered tare da tashin hankali, kamar touch of beauty.

A karo na biyu yi, maza da mata a kan mataki rawa a Waltz.

- Za ka so ka yi rawa? - ya ce Anna mahaifiyar a lokacin hutu, Magana game da dance ƙungiyar mawaƙa.

- Babu ... Ina so in yi rawa, kamar yadda ya yi da kyakkyawa mai barci ... - da yarinya ce.

Bayan ziyarar da shahararre wuri da ake kira da Mariinsky Theater Anna fara mafarki game da rawa. Duk da tattaunawa a cikin gidan sun kasance yanzu ne kawai a kan choreographic art, da yarinya daga safe har zuwa dare rawa a gaban madubi, ya tafi don samun up tare da ra'ayin na rawa. A sha'awa, ba kama yaro, dancing ya zama wani ɓangare na rayuwar ta.

Uwa, ganin wannan, ya dauki Anna ga rawa makaranta. A wannan lokacin, da yarinya 'yar shekara shekara takwas. Malamai da aka rika zo a cikin shekaru biyu, yayin da a lura da undoubted ikon da Ani. A 1891, nan gaba dancer aka shigar da shi St. Petersburg Academy of Arts wasan kwaikwayo a rawa sashen.

Nazarin sa a Spartan hali, duk abin da aka subordinated zuwa tsananin horo, zama tsawon awowi takwas, a rana. Amma a 1898, Anna sauke karatu daga kwalejin tare da karrama. Karshe yi kira "Kirkiro dryads" shi yarinya rawa jam'iyyar masu shayarwa 'yar.

Anna nan da nan ya dauki a Mariinsky Theater. Ta halarta a karon a cikin rawa "Banza shirinku" a cikin Efes de trois (uku dance). Bayan shekaru biyu, Anna Pavlova rawa gubar rawa a saitin kiɗa ta Cesare Pugni "The 'yar Fir'auna." Sa'an nan ya fara a dancer amsa kamar yadda Nikia a "La Bayadere", wanda sa kanta Marius Petipa, da sarki na Rasha rawa. A 1903, Pavlov riga yayi aiki a cikin gubar rawa a cikin rawa "Giselle".

ci gaba

A shekarar 1906, Anna aka nada manyan dancer na Kirov rawa. Yana fara a kansa da aikin wani mai m search for sabon siffofin. Rasha rawa bukata updates, da kuma Pauline ya iya ya halicci mahara images a cikin ruhun mu lokacin, aiki tare da choreographer Aleksandrom Gorskim bidi'a wanda aspired zuwa dramatization na mãkirci, kuma ya nuna jin goyon bayan wani bala'i a dance.

Anna Pavlova da Mikhail Fokin

A farkon karni na 20th Rasha rawa yana ƙarƙashin rinjayar da reformist igiyoyin. Daya daga cikin mafi mabiyin magoya bayan wani m canji a cikin art na rawa shi ne choreographer Mikhail Fokin. Ya ƙi daga gargajiya rabuwa da dance pantomime. A ci gaba da abu na kawo canji Fokine ya na kauda tashe da amfani da preprinted siffofin a rawa, ƙungiyoyi da kuma haduwa. Ya miƙa improvisation a dance matsayin tushe na dukan rawa.

Anna Pavlova sanya na farko mai yi da manyan jam'iyyun a cikin Productions na Mihaila Fokina. Da shi shi ne "Masar Nights", "Berenice," "Les Sylphides", "inabi", "Eunice," "Le Pavillon d'Armide". Amma babban sakamakon hadin gwiwa shi ne rawa "The Mutuwa Swan" kiɗa ta Saint-Saëns, wanda aka qaddara domin ya zama daya daga cikin alamu na Rasha rawa na 20th karni. A tarihin yar rawa Pavlova ne inextricably nasaba da wannan fitacciyar Choreography. Ballet fage na mutuwa swan ya girgiza duniya.

A watan Disamba, 1907 a wani sadaka concert Anna Pavlova yi da "Mutuwa Swan". Mawaki Camille Saint-Saëns, wanda ya ba a lokaci guda, da aka gigice da fassarar da music da kuma bayyana zurfin sha'awa ga talented yi miniatures. Shi da kansa ya gode yar rawa ga yardarSa, a kan bended gwiwa, suna cewa, "Mun gode maka, na fahimci cewa ina ya iya rubuta kyau music."

A mafi kyau yar rawa a dukkan nahiyoyi yi kokarin yi sanannen rawa dada. Bayan Anna Pavlova cikakken nasara Maya Plisetskaya.

waje yawon shakatawa

A 1907, da na mallaka Mariinsky Theater tafi kasashen waje. Wasanni da aka gudanar a Stockholm. Jim kadan bayan dawowarsa a Rasha Anna Pavlova, da yar rawa na duniya shahararru, bar 'yan qasar gidan wasan kwaikwayo, ya sha wahala ƙwarai a cikin wannan kaya, kamar yadda shi ya biya wata babbar bashin da gazawar da kwangila. Duk da haka, wannan bai hana a dancer.

Personal rai

Anna Pavlova, da yar rawa tare da m m da tsare-tsaren, ya tafi zuwa Paris, inda ya fara shiga a cikin "Rasha Seasons", nan da nan ya zama wata star na aikin. Sai ta hadu Victor Dandre, mai girma connoisseur na ma'adanin na rawa, wanda nan da nan ya ɗauki angarorin na Anna tsallake ta Apartment a cikin Paris wuraren kiwo nata, sanye take dance class. Duk da haka, kudin quite tsada, da kuma Dandre watandar jama'a kudi, wanda ya sa aka kama shi kuma sa on fitina.

Sa'an nan Pavlova Anna Pavlovna kammala tsada sosai, amma bonded kwangila tare da London dillancin "Braff", a karkashin abin da shi ya yi aiki kowace rana, sau biyu a rana. A kudi taimaka wajen ceto Victor Dandre daga kurkuku, kamar yadda ya bashi aka shãfe haskensu. Masoya da aka yi aure a cikin Paris Orthodox majami'u.

Swans a cikin rayuwar wani yar rawa

Bayan Pavlov partially aiki a karkashin kwangilar da "Braff" dillancin, ta halitta ta kansa rawa kamfanin da kuma fara magana da rabo a Faransa da kuma Birtaniya. Gaba daya zaunar da hukumar, Anna Pavlova, wanda sirri rai da aka gyara, ya zaunar da Dandre a London. Su gida shi ne Ivy House ne qasaita tare da wani kandami a nan kusa, inda ya rayu da kyau fari Swans. Daga yanzu a kan rayuwar Anny Pavlovoy aka inextricably nasaba da wannan ban mamaki gidan, da kuma daraja da tsuntsaye. Yar rawa sami ta'aziyya magana da Swans.

m aiki

Pavlova Anna Pavlovna, yanayi ne mai aiki, mai lura da tsare-tsaren da ya m ci gaba. Mijinta, sa'a, ba zato ba tsammani gano ikon tsunduma a samar da inganta aiki na matarsa. Ya zama na aikin manajan Anny Pavlovoy, da kuma mai girma dancer iya daina damu game da su a nan gaba, shi ne a mai kyau hannayensu.

A 1913 da kuma 1914 da dancer yi a Moscow da kuma St. Petersburg, ciki har da Mariinsky gidan wasan kwaikwayo, inda ta karshe rawa Nikia. A Moscow, Anna Pavlova zo a fage a cikin lambu Mirror Theater "hermitage". Bayan wannan gabatarwa, ta tafi a kan wani dogon yawon shakatawa na kasashen Turai. Sa'an nan ya bi da yawa watanni rangadi a Amurka, Brazil, Chile da kuma Argentina. Sa'an nan, bayan wani gajeren hutu, Dandre shirya wani yawon shakatawa na Australia da kuma kasashen Asiya.

Sha'awar garambawul

Back a cikin farkon shekaru na Mariinsky gidan wasan kwaikwayo, bayan kammala makaranta, Anna Pavlova ji m canza kafa canons a rawa art. Sun dancer fuskantar wani m bukatar canji. Ta yi zaton Choreography za a iya kumbura, kuma Ya wadãtar da sabon siffofin. Litattafansu na Genre da jũna da ɗan m, bukata a m inganci.

Karanta ta wani bangare a cikin "Banza shirinku", Pavlov shawarar Marius Petipa yi sauyi mataki da kuma maye gurbinsu da wani gajeren skirt crinoline skirt zuwa dogon cancantar zilaikar, ambatawa sanannen Mariyu Taloni, wakilin rawa na Romantic Era, wanda buga da Tutu kuma Pointe takalma, da kuma sa'an nan watsi a cikin ni'imar da wani gajeren skirt fadowa tufafi.

Choreographer Petipa saurari ra'ayin Anna, ado da shi, da kuma Marius kallo dance daga farko har zuwa ƙarshe. Bayan haka, Tutu ya zama sifa wasanni kamar "Swan Lake", inda wani gajeren skirt ne dace domin kafa da style. Mutane da yawa dauke da gabatarwar da wani zilaikar matsayin asali da irin rawa sa wani take hakkin da canons, amma duk da haka dogon gudãna yar rawa tufafi daga baya aka featured a cikin art na rawa kayayyaki kamar yadda wani bangare ne na wasan kwaikwayon.

Kerawa da kuma shawara

Anna Pavlova kanta kira kansa da majagaba da kuma kawo canji. Ta yi girman kai, cewa ta ya iya watsi da "bankwana bankwana" (crinoline skirts,), da kuma dress more ayi kasafi. Ta yi jayayya da mahukunta na gargajiya rawa da kuma tabbatar da cewa Tutu ba ga duk wasanni. Kuma cewa Theatrical kayayyaki ya kamata a zabi daidai da abin da ke faruwa a kan mataki, maimakon a cikin ni'imar da na gargajiya canons.

Abokan adawar na Paul jãyayya da cewa bude kafafu - shi ne da farko a zanga-zanga da ma'adanin na dance. Anna yarda, amma ya bayyana a gare gagarumin 'yanci a zabi na kaya. Ta ji cewa crinoline dogon zama ilimi sifa da cikakken ba dole ya zama m. M dokoki sun kasance bangarorin biyu, amma na karshe kalma yanke shawarar barin domin jama'a.

Anna Pavlova ya yi hakuri kawai daya rasa wani dogon tufa - zilaikar hana yar rawa "porhlivosti". Wannan kalma ta fito da kanta, da kalmar nufi da cewa folds pinned saukar da tashi tashin na jiki, ko kuma wajen, suka boye jirgin kanta. Amma sai Anna ya koya amfani da wannan aibi. Yar rawa miƙa wa abokin jefa shi kadan fi saba, da kuma duk abin da ya fadi a cikin wuri. A dance akwai da ake buƙata 'yancin walwala, da alheri.

Serge Lifar: kwaikwayo

"Na taba ganin irin wannan allahntaka haske, weightless airiness kuma haka m ƙungiyoyi." Saboda haka na rubuta da most Faransa choreographer Serge Lifar a ganawarsa tare da Rasha yar rawa cũtar Pavlovoy.

"Daga farko lokacin da aka buxa ta da yanayi sassaka, ta yi rawa, ta yaya numfashi sauƙi, kuma ta halitta. Babu wani so a gyara rawa fuete, virtuoso dabaru. Kawai halitta kyakkyawa da na halitta jiki motsi da kuma haske, airiness ..."

"Na ga a Paul ba a dancer, da kuma dance baiwa. Ta tãyar da ni daga ƙasa har, da zan iya magana ba, ko tantance. Rasa bai kasance ba, kuma ba za su iya zama wani abin bautãwa."

Fe kuma statistics

Anna Pavlova ya aiki touring rayuwa ga shekaru 22. A wannan lokacin ta dauki bangare a wasanni tara dubu, biyu daga kashi uku ɗin abin da suka shude tun da kisa da babban matsayin. Motsi daga gari zuwa gari, yar rawa shawo babu kasa da dubu 500, kilomita ta jirgin kasa. Italian master of yin rawa takalma sewed for Anna Pavlova dubu biyu nau'i-nau'i daga Pointe takalma a kowace shekara.

A tsakanin mai yawa yawon shakatawa yar rawa Allaha tare da mijinta a cikin gida, tsakanin Swans hannunka, a cikin inuwa daga itatuwa, a kusa da wani har yanzu kandami tsabta. A daya irin wannan ziyarar Dandre gayyace mashahuri daukar hoto Lafayette, wanda ya sanya jerin hotuna Anny Pavlovoy da ta ƙaunataccen swan. Yau, wadannan hotunan ana tsinkayarsu a matsayin tunawa da manyan yar rawa na 20th karni.

A Australia, girmama na Rasha yar rawa Anna Pavlova je sama tare da wani kayan zaki "Pavlova" na m 'ya'yan itace da Bugu da kari wani meringue. Af, New Zealanders ce suka halitta wannan Fruity bi.

Da zarar Anna Pavlova rawa a mataki m Mexican jama'a dance "Tapati Kharab," wanda yake nufin "rawa da hula," a fassarar. Mexicans m dancer ya kuma jefa dukan scene huluna. Kuma a cikin 1924, da aka ayyana dance dance kasa da Mexican Jamhuriyar.

A China, Anna Pavlova mamakin da masu sauraro, rawa maras tsayawa 37 fuete a kan wani karamin dandali, shigar a baya na wani giwa, yana tafiya a kan filin.

Dutch growers sun girma na musamman iri-iri na fari launi tulips, wanda ya karbi sunan mai yar rawa Anna Pavlova. M furanni a kan siririn mai tushe, kamar yadda alama ce ta alheri.

A London, gina wani yawan daban-daban Monuments sadaukar da yar rawa. Kowace daga cikinsu nasa ne da wani lokaci na rayuwar ta. Uku na tunawa shigar a kusa da gidan Ivy House a wadda Pavlov ya rayu mafi ransa.

Anna ne na ƙwarai philanthropy, ta yi dumu-dumu a cikin sadaka, ya bude da dama marayu, kuma dosshouses ga rashin gida yara. Yara mata da maza daga cikin baƙi wadannan cibiyoyin da ikon yi rawa, aka zaba da kuma aika zuwa makaranta yara dance, bude gidan Ivy House.

Raba mataki sadaka Anna Pavlova shi ne da yunwa taimako a cikin Volga yankin. Bugu da kari, a da bukatar a kai a kai aika parcels ga St. Petersburg rawa makaranta.

A mutuwa daga cikin manyan dancer

Anna Pavlova mutu daga ciwon huhu Janairu 23, 1931 a The Hague, a lokacin yawon shakatawa. Yar rawa a kan wani sanyi maimaitawa a cikin wani sanyi dakin. Ta toka a cikin columbarium ne "Golders Green", a cikin London. A akwatin jefa kuri'a da aka located gaba da ragowar mijinta Victor Dandre.

A fim, halitta a cikin memory Anny Pavlovoy

Rayuwa da rabo na duniya-sanannen yar rawa aka nuna a cikin talabijin film na biyar halshen scripted Emile Lotyanu.

Film tarihi ya gaya wa wani gajeren amma m rai mai girma yar rawa kuma a nice mutumin mai suna Anna Pavlova. 1983, da fitarwa lokaci jerin ga allon, shi ne a shekara ta 102 da ranar tunawa da haihuwar wani dancer. A fim da hannu mai yawa haruffa, da kuma rawar da Paul ya rera actress Galina Belyaeva.