Artificial selection da kuma muhimmancinsa

Kimiyyar zamani ya yi imanin cewa m shuke-shuke da dabbobi sun samo asali daga daji kakanni, la'akari da matsayin gagarumin kamance tsakanin daji da kuma cikin gida tãlikai. Har yanzu game da 13 dubu. BC Yana fara aiwatar da domestication na dabbobin daji, saboda haka, domestication na da yawa shuke-shuke, wanda ake kira da Neolithic juyin juya halin. Yana da wuya a ɗauka cewa na farko matakai na domestication faru a kan wani prearranged shirin da ake da muradi. A wannan yanayin, wucin gadi selection bai taka muhimmiyar rawa, mutane Take daga halitta abin da ta alheri azurta su. Maida kuɗi shuke-shuke sun fi mayar da maras wata-wata taimaka selection da kuma kwarewa tsiwirwirinsu ta zamanin da, saboda ko da wasu ci gaba a cikin namo na amfanin gona da aka samu a cikin Neolithic lokaci.

Ya kamata a fahimci cewa kwayoyin da wannan nau'in, kamar karnuka, an sauko daga magabata daya, amma a cimma wata iri-iri na zamani breeds taimake halitta da kuma wucin gadi selection. Kan aiwatar da domestication ya bar wani gagarumin bugu a kan dukan rai yanayi, saboda bambancin da jinsunan da iri ba da hakkin ya yi magana game da ikon 'yan adam zuwa tasiri da yanayin da m.

Iri-iri selection da su capabilities

Za mu iya cewa wucin gadi selection - wannan shi ne wani sosai zabe kudin shiga ga kara yaduwa daga shuke-shuke, da dabbobi , da dukan sauran kwayoyin. Shi ne a kan tushen gare su, kuma dokokin da aka janye zamani shuka kiwo. Artificial selection ya dama iri: da sume (zaban mafi kyau samfurori da daya jinsin, amma wani kwakkwaran dalili ba, kuma qayyadadden dalili), methodological (halittar sabon iri da kuma breeds, daidai da ra'ayinsu shirin). Hakika, methodical selection ne da yawa da sauri fiye da sume, shi dogara ne a kan rukunan canzawa da heritability na halaye.

Rukunan wucin gadi selection dogara ne a kan manufa da cewa rayayyun kwayoyin halitta anã gitta su a yanayi, saya halaye da suke da amfani ba wa kansu, amma ga wani mutum. gādo dokokin bayyana cewa idan da yanayin da ya sa aka canji a cikin ta farko a zamaninsu, ƙẽƙasasshen halaye an adana da kuma kulla. Da ikon daidaita da kuma aika dacewa dabiu zuwa nan gaba zamaninsu ne musamman mai kyau, saboda babu bukatar don ƙirƙirar ga shuke-shuke da dabbobi na musamman yanayi na zama, da kuma shi ne mai yiwuwa a daidaita su ga nasu.

Selection - ko yana da gaske zama dole

Kada ka yi zaton cewa an halicci mutum gaba ɗaya wucin gadi, kamar saukar daga tsara zuwa tsara, mutane nuna a wadanda ko wasu breeds, har ma ya fi dabara Properties riga a kan su akai da gudummawar da ci gaban da wasu halaye. Duk yadda wuya ka yi kokarin koyar da wani giwa farauta domin mink ne ba zai yiwu ba. wucin gadi selection kawai taimaka, wajen gano da kuma ayyana mafi dace wa da dama rayayyun kwayoyin halitta aiki. Alal misali, akwai Juma'a, beagles, Fighting kuma ko da gwiwa karnuka cewa bauta wa kawai don ado.

Sun fi mayar da wucin gadi selection ne daban-daban daga cikin halitta kawai influencing factor. A cikin farko idan, wannan factor ne mutum da amfanin, da kuma na biyu - gwagwarmayar zama. Kuma a gaskiya, da kuma a cikin wani hali, da jari na canji ya faru a hankali, wani lokacin yana daukan shekaru da dama. Gudanar wucin gadi selection iya zama kamar phenotype, watau, da alãmarsu, kuma ta genotype, cewa shi ne ikon kai na gaba tsara wani aya. Yau, da iri selection ana amfani da nasara, tare da zamani shuka shayarwa kokarin hanya mafi kyau a hada da bayar da dama ga sabuwar kuma amfani Properties.

Artificial selection mai ma'ana sakamakon cigaban dan Adam, wanda, daidai da bukatun su, ba zai iya jira sakamakon na juyin halitta da rayuwa duniya da su daidaita zuwa shige da bukatun. In ba haka ba bil'adama a cikin nau'i a cikin abin da shi ne, kawai zai wanzu ba, a cikin rahamar yanayi.