A budurwa haihuwa a cikin dabba mulki, kuma a cikin mutane

M ganewa, ko parthenogenesis ne a gyara na jima'i haifuwa inda mace gamete fara ci gaba a cikin wani sabon mutum ba tare da sa hannu na namiji gamete ga hadi. Parthenogenetic haifuwa tartsatsi a cikin dabba mulki, shuke-shuke, da kuma yawanci shi qara kudi na haifuwa.

Parthenogenesis a dabbobi da kuma shuke-shuke

M ganewa ne na iri biyu - haploid da diploid parthenogenesis, dangane da yawan chromosomes a mace gamete. Mutane da yawa kwari, kamar tururuwa, wasps da ƙudan zuma, a sakamakon farko propagate jinsin akwai al'ummomi daban-daban na kwayoyin. Lokacin da haploid parthenogenesis ya auku da kuma meiosis ne haploid gametes. Na hadu qwai zai iya ci gaba diploid mace da haploid unfertilized kwai tasowa m maza. A cikin kudan zuma, misali, sarauniya kayansa mãsu qwai an hadu, wadda ba mãtan (aiki mutane, ya zauna cikin mahaifa), da kuma unfertilized qwai, wanda ba maza (drones). Irin wannan inji na haifuwa a kwari taka Na'urar rawa, saboda shi zai iya daidaita bayyanar da yara, dangane da irin gametes.

Diploid parthenogenesis auku a aphids. A wannan yanayin, da mace oocytes da ake gittar da wani musamman nau'i na meiosis - da chromosomes kada ku rarraba, kuma tafi cikin kwai, iyakacin duniya gawarwakin kasance chromosomes. Development of qwai za'ayi a cikin uwa tasa ta jiki, da jariri mãtã kafa cikakken kuma ba kyankyasar kwan daga qwai. Wannan tsari ya ci gaba live haihuwa for ƙarni da dama, har sai ya bayyana har cell wanda qunshi daya X-chromosome da autosomes duk. Daga shi ci gaba parthenogenetic namiji. Babban amfani ga partogeneneza aphids - wani m karuwa a yawan jama'a saboda ta balagagge mambobi iya sa qwai.

"The m ganewa" a siffofin daban-daban ne tartsatsi a cikin shuke-shuke. Daya daga cikin su ne ake kira apomixis ne parthenogenesis, simulating jima'i haifuwa. Wannan nau'i na ganewa na faruwa a wasu flowering shuke-shuke, suna da wani diploid cell tasowa cikin cikakken tayi ba da taimakon namiji gametes. A wasu lokuta, dole ne a can a pollen hatsi, a stimulating parthenogenesis. pollen hatsi samar hormones zama dole domin bayyanar da tayi, kuma irin haka ne kusan indistinguishable daga jima'i haifuwa.

Parthenogenesis mutane

Bincike masana suna sane da cewa a high yanayin zafi, danniya da kuma matsananci yanayi ovum mata iya fara fission tsari, ko da idan aka ba hadu. An yi imani da cewa idan wata mace ta shirya don juna biyu, ta iya kawai dumama for a yayin da a cikin wanka, da kwai da aka kunna ta hira tafiyar matakai a cikin jiki, amma mafi m, shi ne ba mai yiwuwa kuma zai mutu nan da nan.

A shirye--da- kwan da ya hadu da 23 chromosomes cewa ƙayyade jima'i.

"The m ganewa" ya auku a lokacin da balagagge mace chromosomes ya kasu kashi biyu halves, forming da kwai 46 chromosomes zama dole ga zargin wani sabon rai. Bayan da za a iya fara aiwatar da tsagawa da kuma ci gaban da tayi, amma kawai mace.

A cewar likitoci, a ɗan adam parthenogenesis ya auku a gaban kwayoyin da suke zaune a kwari, amma shi iya motsa a cikin jikin mutum ya sa ta da rabo daga cikin kwai da kuma tayi samuwar. A bacteria ta halakar da namiji jam ko canza su a cikin mata.

Riga an rubuta da yawa lokuta inda bene na mutum tayi ya canza a ƙarƙashin rinjayar da matsananci yanayi ko a zafi canjin yanayin da, ko da yaushe canza zuwa mace, a wasu kalmomin da shi ba zai faru ga namiji tayi.

A baya can, wannan abu ba a ji a duk. A cikin wani hali, da kalmar "parthenogenesis" ya bayyana kwanan nan. "M ganewa" na Virgin Mary Kiristoci riskarsa kamar wata mu'ujiza. Kuma gaskiyar cewa shi zai iya zama wata al'ada ciki, kuma babu wanda ya ba ya faru.