Bishiyoyi centenarians Rasha da kuma duniya. Bishiyoyi centenarians duniya

Bishiyoyi ne mafi dogon-rayu kwayoyin a wannan duniya tamu. Yana samu hamsin kofe daga cikin wadannan shuke-shuke, wanda shekaru wuce dokin Millennium.

Abin da rinjayar da shekaru na shuke-shuke?

The dogon lifespan bishiyoyi ne yiwu ga dalilai da dama. Na farko, shi ya inganta cewa na gina jiki da shuka an cire, yawanci daga yanayi. Daga cikin ƙasa sun yi kawai goma kashi daga cikin abubuwa wajibi ne a rayuwa.

Wani m longevity ne dissociation jirgin ruwa tsarin. Wannan damar da itacen don ci gaba da rayuwa, har ma idan na shi ya mutu tafi. Mutane da yawa daga cikin dogon-rayu tsire-tsire masu iya samar da m mahadi, tsara don yaki da m ga wadannan parasites da kwayoyin.

spruce

Ko da a cikin tatsuniyoyi dukan mu san cewa mutane da yawa itatuwa - centenarians. A wannan karni na shekaru domin su - wannan shi ne kawai farkon. Yana da wuya su yi tunanin cewa wasu daga cikin shuke-shuke, wanda a halin yanzu rayuwa a wannan duniya tamu, sun dubun ƙarni ago. Suna iya gani daban-daban al'adu da wayewar, kazalika da zama wani mai shaida daga muhimmin tarihi events. Idan wadannan itatuwa iya magana, dã sun kasance wata babbar ne kuma abin dogara source kwatanta matakai na raya kasa na duniya tarihi. Duk da haka, a yau shi ne shiru da shaidu da yawa da suka faru da aka adana a cikin asĩri.

Bishiyoyi-centenarians - ne da aka sani a duk kowa spruce. Wannan inji ne na kowa a cikin kasar, kazalika a Turai da kuma Amurka.

Pine ne coniferous Evergreen itace. Wajen da ta rarraba hidima arewacin yammancin duniya na wannan duniya tamu. A halin yanzu, wannan itace ne yadu amfani a wuri mai faɗi zane. Spruce kuma daukan wani abu wuri a cikin conifers, amfani for yi dalilai.

An yi imani da cewa wannan itãciya aka mai suna daga cikin Roman kalmar "pix", wanda fassara a matsayin "guduro". A gaskiya, da shuka yana da wani wuce yarda da m guduro, guda kamar yadda ya needles.

Na ci ganye ba. Maimakon haka, suna girma needles. Propagated da tsaba na itace, da aka kafa a ciki da Cones. Form spruce kambi - geometrically daidai mazugi. A wannan yanayin, da ƙananan rassan, wanda aka located a kan akwati kusa da ƙasa, ƙara. Wajen saman itacen su size hankali rage-rage.

Spruce iya girma a coniferous gandun daji, kazalika da zama wani ɓangare na gauraye iri-iri. Yanzu yana da wuya a sami wani irin itace, wanda dã ya kasance wata alama ce da al'adu na jama'a masu yawa. Tare da wannan shuka yanke shawarar zuwa bikin Kirsimeti da Sabuwar Shekara, ba kawai a Rasha amma kuma a Turai kuma, a Amirka. Spruce - daya daga cikin haruffan fi so na tatsuniyoyi, majigin yara, waqoqi da kuma songs. A wasu kalmomin, ta sanya muhimmiyar rawa a cikin al'adun jama'a masu yawa.

A mafi tsufa spruce a duniya

Na wannan shekara iya isa wadannan itatuwa masu dogon-rayu? A mafi tsufa a duniya spruce tsiro a Sweden. Yana da aka gano a lardin Dolarna a kan Dutsen Tiglatfilesar. Don kwanan wata, shekara da shuka shi ne 9550 shekara. A wannan yanayin, shi ya dubi zamanin d spruce kyawawan matasa. Ilmin halitta sun samu wani bayani ga wannan al'amari. Spruce, wanda shi ne a halin yanzu daraja a Sweden - wani gudun hijira na wani tsoho itace, ragowar wanda aka located karkashin kasa.

sequoia

Bishiyoyi-centenarians - shi ne ba dole ba ne, wata katuwar Refayawa. Duk da haka, Sequoia, wanda yana da mafi shekaru ne shekaru dubu biyar, a saman cewa - daya daga cikin mafi girma a duniya. Wasu daga cikin kofe da babban tsawo, wanda zai iya isa ɗari da goma sha biyar mita. Man kusa itace ze kawai zarra.

A haushi da California redwoods sosai lokacin farin ciki. Its kauri ya kai talatin da santimita. A haushi na wannan itace yana da wani ban sha'awa alama ba su ƙone a lokacin da wuta lambobi. Yana kawai chars, wanda damar da shi a matsayin wani jiki makamai da kare da zuciyar.

Wadannan itatuwa suna dogon-rayu da shahararre views. Shan yawo a cikin dazuzzuka, inda akwai redwoods, kawai manta game da real duniya.

m aikace-aikace

Itacen ne Evergreen, kuma nasa ne da conifers. Wannan alama ce Amurka Jihar California, nasa ne a gidan Taxodiaceae.

Sequoia ne ba kawai wuce yarda da kyau. A inji shi ne resistant zuwa lalace matakai, wanda ya sa ya mai muhimmanci da kayan itace ga furniture da kuma Railway As'hab, gidan waya sandunan da takarda. Ya ma yi daga fale-falen.

Matsakaici size redwood akwati yana da wani diamita na game da takwas mita. Kuma a kowace shekara shi ne karu da biyu da rabi santimita.

baobabs

Wadannan itatuwa masu dogon-rayu taurari shafi ra'ayoyi na wani matafiyi. Daga makaranta, mun san cewa da gangar jikin wannan shuka ne duniya fattest. Its diamita iya zama har zuwa goma mita. Amma da tsawo na fara tasawa BAOBAB babban za ba su suna ba. Shi ne daga goma sha takwas zuwa ashirin da biyar mita.

Baobabs - ne guda itatuwa masu dogon-rayu, a matsayin redwoods. Su shekaru kai shekaru dubu biyar. A wurin ci gaban da wadannan itatuwa ne m Afirka. Ta yaya suka gudanar da tsira a wuya yanayi? Wannan taimaka da shuke-shuke da itace. A cewar ta hygroscopic Properties, shi yayi kama da wani soso. A damana da itatuwa ne rayayye sha ruwa, wanda aka yi amfani a lokacin da bushe lokaci.

Sunan-rayu itatuwa, fãce "BAOBAB", kuma "Adanson". A Properties na wannan shuka ne daya daga cikin mafi ban mamaki a duniya. A itace ba bushe up, ko da shi ne gaba daya tsage kashe daga haushi. Yana sauƙi gina up wani m murfin sake. A tsaba na wannan itace da ake amfani da dafa m sha da yayi kama kofi. BAOBAB da 'ya'yan itatuwa ne sosai gina jiki. Su ne mai arziki a cikin bitamin C, alli, kuma ku ɗanɗani kyau. 'ya'yan harsashi bayan bushewa ya zama kamar wani dutse mai nauyi. Saboda haka, a nan gaba shi ne amfani da wata kofin ko jirgin ruwa. A ash samu bayan kona tayin ne a bangaren a yi sabulu.

Badian

Wasu centenarians daga itãce, da wata ɓarna, look. Wadannan shuke-shuke hada star anisi, wanda shekaru iya isa uku shekara dubu. Unofficially, irin wannan ne ake kira "Tree-Forest". Kuma wannan shi ne wani hatsari. Star anisi iya zama har zuwa dubu ganga. Cif daga gare su ne dake a cikin cibiyar. A tsawon lokaci, ta bayyana m harbe, abin da girma da kuma dauki tushen. A mafi tsufa gane Dittany itãciya, tanã a cikin India. Ya kunshi dubu uku kananan da kuma wannan adadin manyan kututturan. A karshen su yi diameters daga sama zuwa shida mita.

Star anisi za a iya samu a Arewa Vietnam da kuma Kudu maso Gabashin kasar Sin. Raya shi a Philippines, Japan, Abkhazia, India da kuma Jamaica. M 'ya'yan itatuwa da shuka ake amfani da kayan yaji.

Mene ne dogon-rayu bishiyoyi a Rasha?

A kan ƙasa na kasar mu za a iya samu shuke-shuke, wanda shekaru kai dubban shekaru. Bishiyoyi centenarians Rasha - wata spruce, itacen oak, poplar da azurfa Linden macrophylla. Akwai wadannan shuke-shuke ayan ko'ina.

An ban sha'awa itace ne da itacen oak. Wasu lokutta iya isa hamsin mita tsawo da kuma samun tsawon mita biyu diamita. An dade kasance sananne ga itãciyar for da magani Properties, kamar binders, antifouling da anti-mai kumburi. A tsawon lokaci na rayuwa cikin itacen oak na iya kai shekara dubu biyu.

A Red Littafi na Rasha Federation ne a Yew. Wannan itace gasa ga tsawon rayuwarsa tare da Dittany, kai da shekaru biyu ko uku shekara dubu. A yanayi yana da wuya a sami, amma wasu samfurori girma a cikin Far East da kuma Sakhalin Larabawa.

Azurfa poplar iya isa 1000-1500 shekaru, da kuma wasu lokutta na manyan-Leaved Linden - 1200.